PROGRESS REPORT 1

LITERATURE REVIEW OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

TO

: Madam Marmy Roshaidah Binti Mohd Salleh

DATE

: 11th February 2015 (Wednesday)

TIME

: 3.00 pm

VENUE

: Library UniKL MICET

PRESENT:
No
1.
2.
3.
4.

Groups Member Name

Pavithran Krishnan
Subashini Pannerselum
Dinesh Kumar Vijeyan
Thefye Prasad Mognna Sunthar

Attendance

SUMMARY:

Chlorinating hydrocarbons is the basic idea behind the production of vinyl chloride
monomer (VCM). Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are much more resilient to
biodegradation, unlike simple hydrocarbons. This is due mainly to the inherent strength of the
C-Cl bond. Consequently, man-made CHCs are beginning to accumulate in the environment.
However, production of VCM is essential to the production of polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Construction materials made of PVC are light, low-maintenance, and long lasting. PVC
products are highly resistant to weathering, petroleum products, and UV radiation. PVC, a
flame resistant material, has been examined extensively in regards to fire prevention. There
are so many positive aspects of using PVC that it is imperative that it be produced. Many
CHCs are created during the production of PVC; this is a growing concern. Therefore, VCM
needs to be produced in a way that will minimize or totally eliminate the release of CHCs
into the environment. Plant safety includes addressing deviations from normal operation that
may have adverse effects on employees or the surrounding community. The project is divided

into five interrelated parts; process design, market analysis, environmental awareness, plant
safety, and plant economics. The market analysis section includes a method for determining
the optimal location of the plant as well as an investigation of the future demand for vinyl
chloride. The process design section includes the thermodynamic system, kinetic data and
balanced process for the production of VCM, process simulations, and heat integration of the
heat exchangers. The environmental awareness section includes an evaluation of all the waste
streams, along with an evaluation of several waste treatment methods in addition to
justification for the waste treatment system that was selected. The plant safety section
includes a detailed hazardous operations study of the P&ID design of the VCM plant. The
last section, plant economics, includes a detailed economic analysis of the VCM plant, which
quantifies the total capital investment, net present worth, and other major economical
variables.
INTRODUCTION
PVC is Polyvinyl Chloride. Plastic covers a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic
polymerization products (i.e. long-chain carbon-based "organic" molecules) which name
refers to the fact that in their semi-liquid state they are malleable, or have the property of
plasticity. PVC is a thermoplastic material. Thermoplastic materials are those that can be
melted again and again. These materials can be heated to a certain temperature and will
harden again as they cool.
Nowadays, PVC is commonly used in the construction sector, for example in window
frames and shutters, pipe cabling and coating, etc. Vinyl is also used in gramophone records,
and that is why we use the term vinyl records to refer to them. PVC can be used for tons of
other applications from industrial ware and widely used in the healthcare sector, to car spare
parts, toys factory, food packaging and raingear. PVC can be clear or coloured, rigid or
flexible, depending on the added compounds and final application that needs to be achieved;
For example there exists different PVC grades such as coast or blow film, high impact, wire
and cable grade, thermoforming, injection molding and rotational molding.

OBJECTIVES
1. To design an environmentally friendly, safe, and economically profitable vinyl chloride
production plant.
SCOPE OF STUDY
The scopes covered under this designing problem is to design an environmentally friendly,
safe, and economically profitable vinyl chloride production plant. Environmental friendliness
requires that the design go beyond the minimum compliance regulations while maintaining
plant profitability

PHOTO EVIDENCE OF DISCUSSION FOR PROGRESS REPORT 1