MODEL TEST ONE

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

The structure and written expression is designed to measure your ability
to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English.
There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for
each type.
Part A: Structure
Directions : Question 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each
sentence you will see for words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D).
You are to choose one word or phrase that best complete the sentence.
Example I
The swimming instructor came... if the apartment was still available.
A. to see
B. seeing
C. saw
D. for seeing
The sentence should be read "The swimming instructor came to see if the
apartment was still available." Therefore, you should choose A.
Now begin work on the questions.
1. The committee has met twice and ....
A. they reached a final decision
B. a final decision was reached
C. its decision was reached
D. it has reached a final decision
2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting
tomorrow because....
A. he must to give a lecture
B. he will be giving a lecture
C. of he will give lecture
D. he will have giving a lecture
3. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class.
A. She should study hard last night.
B. She should have studied hard last night.
C. She must have studied hard last night.
D. She had to study hard last night
4. Mother wanted to serve some coffee to my guests; however....
A. she hadn't many coffee.
B. there is not a great amount of coffee.
C. she didn't have my coffee.

D. she was out of coffee.

5. Having been served lunch,....
A. the problems were discussed by the participants.
B. the participants discuss the problems.
C. it was discussed by the participants.
D. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.
6. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas,
and....
A. Aceh province also.
B. Aceh province too.
C. Aceh province is as well.
D. so does Aceh province.
7. The participants have had some problems deciding....
A. when they should announce the result of the meeting.
B. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
C. when should they announce the result of the meeting.
D. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.
8. This year will be more difficult for our organization because....
A. we have less money and volunteers than last year.
B. there is a little money and volunteers than last year.
C. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
D. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.
9. Professor Baker told his students that...
A. they can turn over their reports on Mondays.
B. the reports can turn over on Monday.
C. they could hand in their reports on Monday.
D. the reports they can hand in on Monday.
10. The adder is a venomous snake ... bite may prove fatal to humans.
A. its
B. whom its
C. that
D. whose
11. .... a bee colony gets, the more the queen's egglaying capability
diminishers.
A. It is more overcrowded.
B. The more overcrowded.
C. More overcrowded than.
D. More than overcrowded.
12. The chairwoman requested that ....
A. the participants studied more careful the problem.
B. the participants study the problem more carefully.

C. the participants studied the problem with more careful.

D. the problem be studied more carefully.
13. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ... once
every ten hours.
A. the rotation of Jupiter
B. Jupiter rotates
C. Jupiter rotation
D. Jupiter rotate
14. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state.
A. the
B. it is the
C. is the
D. where the
15. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes.
A. whose
B. how they are
C. have
D. their
Part B: Written Expression
Directions : In question 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or
phrases. The four underlined parts parts of the sentence are marked (A),
(B), (C), (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be
changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Look the examples.
Example I
Brenda must have called her brother last night, but she arrived home too
late to call him.
A
B
C
D
The sentence should be read "Brenda should have called her brother
last night, but she arrived home too late to call him." Therefore, you
should choose A.
Now begin work on the questions.
16. If you buy one box at the regular price, you would receive
A
B
C
another one at no extra cost.
D
17. Located in the cranial cavity in the skull, the brain is the larger
A
B
mass of nerve tissue in the human body.
C
D

18. Professor Duncan recommended that we are present at the reception

A
B
this afternoon in order to meet the representatives from the Ford
Foundation.
C
D
19. There have been little change in the patient's condition since she was
A
B
C
moved to the intensive care unit.
D
20. As a new employee, your duties are mailing the correspondence,
A
receive phone calls, and calling the members before meeting.
B
C
D
21. Passengers are able to clearly see the outline of the whole isolated
island
A
B
C
D
from the air plane.
22. Like others from energy, natural gass may be used to heat homes, run
A
B
C
automobiles, and cook food.
D
23. Neither of the two candidates who had applied for the Industrial
A
B
Engineering Department were eligible for the scholarship.
C
D
24. Having choose the topic for their essays, the students were instructed
A
B
C
to make either a preliminary outline or a rough draff.
D
25. If he would have lived a little longer, he probably would have won
A
B
C
D
the presidential election.
26. Despite the increase in airfares in Indonesia during the monetary
crisis,
A
B
C
most people still prefer travel by air.
D
27. This tea pot has the same design, but it is different shaped from that
one.

28. Voslov Nijinsky achieved world recognition at both dancer and

A
B
C
D
a choreographer.
29. After the runner had run for a half mile, he had passed the stick
A
B
C
to the next runner.
D
30. The prices of cars are as high that most people can not afford to buy
them.
A
B
C
D
31. The students wish that their university is as large as State University
because
A
B
their facilities are more limited than theirs.
C
D
32. Since infection can cause both fever as well as pain, it is good idea to
check
A
B
C
the patient's temperature.
D
33. Despite of heavy rain and snow there are always more than 100
thousands fans
A
B
C
D
at the football games.
34. This new model not only saves energy but also times by operating two
batteries
A
B
C
instead of four.
D
35. The purpose of traveler's cheque is to protect travelers from theft,
robbery,
A
B
C
and lost.
D
36. After studying all the new materials more seriously, the students were
able
A
B
to rise their test scores by thirty-five point.
C
D

37. The volume two of my encyclopedic set has been missing for 2
months.
A
B
C
D
38. I suggest that my brother goes to the doctor as soon
as he returns from exam.
A
B
C

39. You had better to change your study habits it you hope to be admitted
A
B
C
to a state university next year.
D
40. Mr. David used to jogging in the crisp morning air during the winter
months,
A
B
C
but now he has stopped.
D

KUNCI JAWABAN
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. C
10.D

11. B
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. B
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. A
20. B

21. B
22. A
23. C
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. C
28. D
29. C
30. B

31. B
32. B
33. C
34. C
35. D
36. C
37. A
38. B
39. A
40. A

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Questions 1 through 10 are based on the following passage.

Lichens,
of
which
more
than
twenty
thousand
species
have
been
named,
are
complex
associations
between
certain
algae.
The
lichen
itself
is
not
an organism: rather it is the morphological and biochemical
product
of
the
association.
Neither
a
fungus
nor
an
alga
alone
can
produce
lichen.
The intimate relationship
between
these
two
living
components
of
lichen
was
once
erroneously
though
to
represent
mutualism.
In
mutual
relationships,
both
participants
benefit.
With
lichens,
however,
it
appears
the
fungus
actually
parasitizes
the
algae.
This
is
one
of
the
conclusions
drawn
from
experiments
in which the two components of lichens were separated
and
grown
apart.
In

nature,

lichen

fungi

may

encounter

and

grow
around
saveral
kinds
of
algae.
Some
types
of
algae
the
fungi
may
kill;
other
types
it
may
reject.
Lichen
algae
are
autotrophic,
meaning
they
make
their
own
food
through
photosynthesis.
Lichen
fungi
are
heterotrophic,
meaning
they
depend
upon
the
algae
within
the
lichen
to
supply
their
food.
Up
to
ninety
percent
of
than food
made by
the
green
alga
cell
is
transferred
to
the
fungus.
What,
if
anything,
the
fungus
contributes
to
the
association
is
not
well
understood.
Lichens
and
where

are hardly.
The
grow
in
many
habitats
are
often
pioneers
in hostile environments
few
other
organisms
can
flourish.

They
have
been
known
to
grow
endolithically,
having
been
discovered
thriving
inside
of
rocks
in
Antartica.
Lichen
help
reduce
erosion
by
stabilizing
soil.
Saveral
kinds
of
insects
glue
lichens
to
their
exoskeletons
for
camouflage.
Many
species
materials
for
dyes

of
nests.

birds
use
lichens
Human
have
used
and

as
building
lichens
for
antibiotics.

1.

Which of the following best describes lichen association?

A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the
second
autotrophic
D. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
2.

The

word

"hardly"

in

line

26

is clossest
A.
B.
C.
D.

in

meaning to
Tender
Durable
Armed
Beneficial

3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close

together
and
A.
One
organism
parasitizes
the
other
B.
Both
organism
benefit
from
the
association
C.
Both
organism
are
harmed
by
the
association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the
association
4.

In

line

7,

the

word

"intimate"

is

nearest
A.

B.
C.

in

meaning to
living
Extraordinary
Biological

D.
5.

Lichen

serves

as

camouflage

for

which

A.
B.
C.
D.

Close
of

the

following?
Insects
Birds
Reptiles
Mammals

6. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components was
clarified
by
A.
Examining
lichens
with
a
microscope
B.
Observing
lichens
palced
in
the
dark
C. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
D. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
7. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossestnin the meaning to
A.
Unusual
B.
Cool
C.
Untraveled
D.
Inhospitable
8.

An
A.
D.

C.
Grows

endolithic
Grows
in
B.
Grows
inside other

lichen
is
one
that
the
canopies
of
trees
Grows
inside
rocks
at
very
high
altitudes
organism, including other lichens

9. Many lichens contribute at the communities they in habits by

A.
Removing
pollutants
from
the
air
B.
Controlling
wood-rotting
fungi
C.
Slowing
the
spread
of
viruses
D.
Reducing
soil
erosion
Question 11 through 20 are based on the following passage.
When buying a house, you must be sure to
it checked for termites. A termite is much like an
in
its communal habits,
although
physically
the
insects
are distinct.
Like
those
ants,
termite
colonies
consist
of
different classes, each with
its
own
particular
job.
The
most
perfectly
formed
termites,
both
male
and
female,
make
up
the
productive
class.
They
have
eyes,
hard
body
walls
and
fully
developed
wings.
A
pair
of
reproductive
termites founds the
colony.
When
new
reproductive
termites
develop,
they
leave
to
form
another colony. They use their wings only this on time
and
then
break
them
off.
The
worker
termites
are
small,
blind
and
have
ant
two

wingless,
with
soft
bodies.
They
make
up
the
majority
of
the
colony
and
do
all
the
work.
Soldiers
are
eyeless
and
wingless
but
are
larger
than
the
workers
and
have
hard
heads
and
strong
jaws
and
legs.
They
defend
the
colony
and
are
cared
for
by
the
workers.
The
male
and
female
of
the
reproductive
class
remain
inside
a
closed-in cell when
the
female
lays
thousands
of
eggs.
The
workers
place
the
eggs
in cell and care for them. Even if one colony is treated
with
poison,
if
a
male
and
female
of
the
reproductive
class
escape,
they
can
form
a
new
colony.
Pest
control
companies
can
inspect
a
house
for infestation of termites. Often, of lay person can not
spot the evidence, so it is critical to have the opinion
of
a
proffesional.
Treatments
vary
depending
upon
the
type
of
termite.
10.

How
are
termites
like
ants?
A. They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty
B.
Their
bodies
are
the
same
shape
C.
The
king
and
queen
are
imprisoned
D. The females' reproductive capacities are the same

11.

The

word

"communal"

in

line

is

closest
A.

in

B.
C.
D.
12.

13.

Which

In

line

of

the
following
is
A.
All
termites
B.
Some
termites
C.
Workers
are
smaller
D.
Termites
do
not
4,

the

word

"distinct"
C.

14.

15.

In

line

6,

"classes"

is

is

not
true?
have
eyes
cannot
fly
than
soldiers
fly
often

closest in
A.
B.
Genetically
D.

closest
in
A.
B.
C.
D.

meaning to
Eating
Reproducing
Organizational
Social

meaning to
Similar
Different
related
Strong
meaning

to
Sexes
Colonies
Courses
Categories

Which
of
the
following
statements
is
probably
true?
A. Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new colony

B. The male and female reproductions do not venture outdoors except

to
form
a
new
colony.
C.
There
are
more
soldiers
than
workers
D.
A
worker
could
easily
kill
a
soldier
16.

The

word

"founds"

in

line

10

is

nearest
A.
B.
C.
D.

in

meaning to
Establishes
Destroys
Control
Guards

17. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A.
Termites
Destroy
Houses
B.
Termites
Work
Well
Together
C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D. The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites
18.

The

word

"each"

in

line

6
A.

B.
C.
D.
KUNCI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. D

B
B
B
D
A
C
A
C

refers

to
Ants
Colonies
Jobs
Classes

JAWABAN
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

18. B

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:
A
D
B
B
D
B
A
C