2008 Mathematics

Advanced Higher
Finalised Marking Instructions

Scottish Qualifications Authority 2008

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These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed
Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced for
commercial or trade purposes.

General Marking Principles

These principles describe the approach taken when marking Advanced Higher Mathematics
papers. For more detailed guidance please refer to the detailed Marking Instructions.
1

The main principle is to give credit for the skills demonstrated and the criteria met. Failure
to have a correct method may not preclude a candidate gaining credit for their solution.

The answer to one part of a question, even if incorrect, can be accepted as a basis for
subsequent dependent parts of the question.

The following are not penalised:

working subsequent to a correct answer (unless it provides firm evidence that the
requirements of the question have not been met)
legitimate variation in numerical values / algebraic expressions.

Full credit will only be given where the solution contains appropriate working. Where the
correct answer might be obtained by inspection or mentally, credit may be given.

Sometimes the method to be used in a particular question is explicitly stated; no credit will
be given where a candidate obtains the correct answer by an alternative method.

Where the method to be used in a particular question is not explicitly stated in the question
paper, full credit is available for an alternative valid method. (Some likely alternatives are
included but these should not be assumed to be the only acceptable ones.)

In the detailed Marking Instructions which follow, marks are shown alongside the line for
which they are awarded. There are two codes used, M and E. M indicates a method mark, so in
question 4, M1 means a method mark for correct form of partial fraction. E is shorthand for
error. For example, 2E1, means that a correct answer is awarded 2 marks but that 1 mark is
deducted for each error.

page 2

Advanced Higher Mathematics 2008

1.

Let the common difference be d . General term is a + (n 1) d .

So 2 + 19d = 97 d = 5.
Sum of an arithmetic series is n2 [ 2a + (n 1) d ] .
Required sum is 502 {4 + 49 5} = 6225.

2.

(a)

1
1
1
1

f (x) = cos1 (3x)

1
3
1 (3x)2

f (x) =

1,1

3
1 9x2

=
(b)

dx
= 2 sec tan ,
d
dy
=
dx

dy
d
dx
d

dy
= 3 cos
d

3 cos
2 sec tan

1,1
1

3 cos3
=
2 sin

3.

1 for inverting
1

1 for translation
-2

-1

1 for showing asymptotes

-1

-2

Asymptotes are y = 1 and x = 1.

page 3

12x2 + 20
A
Bx + C
+ 2
=
2
x (x + 5)
x
x + 5
2
2
12x + 20 = A (x + 5) + x (Bx + C)
= (A + B) x2 + Cx + 5A

5A = 20 A = 4 B = 8
C = 0
2
12x + 20
4
8x
+ 2
=
2
x (x + 5)
x
x + 5

4.

Hence
2

12x2 + 20
dx =
x (x2 + 5)

1 x

x2

= [ 4 ln x + 4 ln (x2 + 5)] 1
2

= 4 [ ln x (x2 + 5)] = 4 [ ln 18 ln 6]
= 4 ln 3 ( 439)
2
1

5.

2E1

8x
dx
+ 5
24
2
2x
=
dx + 4 2
dx
1 x
1 x + 5
2

1M

xy2 + 3x2y
dy
dy
+ 6xy + 3x2
y2 + 2xy
dx
dx
(2xy + 3x2) dy
dx
dy
dx

= 4
= 0

1M,1

= y2 6xy
=

y2 6xy
2xy + 3x2

When x = 1,
y2 + 3y = 4 y2 + 3y 4 = 0 (y + 4) (y 1) = 0
y = 1 since y > 0
Hence at (1, 1)
dy
7
=
dx
5
Tangent is
(y 1) = 75 (x 1)
5y + 7x = 12.
Alternative for the first 3 marks.
xy2 + 3x2y = 4
4
y2 + 3xy =
x
dy
dy
4
+ 3y + 3x
= 2
2y
dx
dy
x
(2y + 3x) dy = 42 3y
dx
x
4

dy
x2 3y
=
dx
2y + 3x
page 4

1,1

1
1
1

1
1
1

6.

(a)

( )

1 x
= 4 x2
x 4
A matrix is singular when its determinant is 0, hence x = 2.
1 2
(b) When x = 2, A =
2 4
det

( )
( )( ) (
1 2
2 4

A2 =

1 2
2 4

5 10
10 20

1
1

= 5A.

2
4
2
2
A = (A ) = (5A) = 25A = 125A.
125 250
= 125A was accepted.
250 500
2

Evaluating A4 =

7.

8x

sin 4x dx = 8x2
= 8x2

sin 4x dx 16x ( sin 4x dx) dx

1M,1

( 14 cos 4x) 16x 14 cos 4x dx

= 2x2 cos 4x + 4 x

cos 4x dx 4 sin 4x dx

= 2x2 cos 4x + x sin 4x +

8.

2E1

1
4

cos 4x + c

1
1

The rth term is

( )

()

10 ( 2)10 r 1
x
r
x

( )

10 20 3r
x
r
20 3r = 14 r = 2
=

term is 45x
or

( ) ()
10 ( 2)r 1
x
r
x

10 r

1 for form
1 for powers
1 for simplifying

14

( )

10 3r 10
x
r

1
1
1,1,1

3r 10 = 14 r = 8
term is 45x14

1
1

d
(tan x) = sec2 x.
dx

9.
1+ tan2 x = 1 +

tan

sin 2 x
cos2 x + sin 2 x
=
= sec 2 x.
cos2 x
cos2 x
x dx =

(sec

x 1) dx

= tan x x + c

page 5

1
1
1

10.

x (t) = t 3 12t 2 + 32t

x (t) = 3t 2 24t + 32
which is 32 when t = 0.
(b)
x (t) = t 3 12t 2 + 32t
x (t) = 14 t 4 4t 3 + 16t 2 + c
Since x (0) = 0, c = 0, so at time t
(a)

x (t) =

1 4
4 t

4t 3 + 16t 2.

1
1
1

At O, x = 0

4t 3 + 16t 2 = 0
t (t 16t + 64) = 0
t 2 (t 8)2 = 0
The body returns to O when t = 8.
1 4
4t
2 2

11.

(a)
(b)

12.

Counter example m = 2.
So statement is false.
Let the numbers be 2n + 1 and 2m then
(2n + 1)3 + (2m)2 = 8n3 + 12n2 + 6n + 1 + 4m2
= 2 (4n3 + 6n2 + 3n + 2m2) + 1
which is odd.
OR
Proving algebraically that either the cube of an odd number is odd or the
square of an even number is even.
Odd cubed is odd and even squared is even.
So the sum of them is odd.

1
1
1,1
1M
1
1

1
1
1

f (x) = x ln (2 + x) so
x
2
1
+ ln(2 + x), f (x) =
,
+
2
2+x
(2 + x)
2+x
4
1
f (x) =

3
(2 + x) (2 + x)2
and so f (0) = ln 2, f (0) = 1, f (0) = 34 .
x2
x3
Thus f (x) = (ln 2) x +

+
2
8
x ln (2 x) = f (x)
x2
x3
= (ln 2) x

+
2
8
x ln (4 x2) = x ln (2 + x) + x ln (2 x)
x3
+
= (2 ln 2) x
4
Alternative for first three marks:
f (x) = x ln (2 + x) = x (ln 2 + ln (1 + 2x ))
2
= x (ln 2 + 2x x8 + )
2
3
= x ln 2 + x2 x8 +
f (x) =

page 6

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

13.

d 2y
dy
+ 2y = 2x2
3
2
dx
dx
m2 3m + 2 = 0
(m 1) (m 2) = 0
m = 1 or m = 2
Complementary function: y = Aex + Be2x
For particular integral try y = ax2 + bx + c

1
1
1
1M

dy
d 2y
= 2ax + b; 2 = 2a
dx
dx

Hence require
2a 3 (2ax + b) + 2 (ax2 + bx + c) = 2x2

2ax2 + (6a + 2b) x + (2a 3b + 2c) = 2x2

a = 1; b = 3; c =
General solution is: y = Aex + Be2x + x2 + 3x +
When x = 0, y =

1
2

7
2

1
1

dy
and dx
= 1.
1
2

dy
dx

7
2

= A+ B+

7
2

A + B = 3

= Aex + 2Be2x + 2x + 3 1 = A + 2B + 3 A + 2B = 2
B = 1

A = 4

Particular solution is
y = 4ex + e2x + x2 + 3x + 27 .

page 7

1
1
1

14.

(a)

AB = i 2j

AB AC =

i j k
1 2 0
1 2 2

AC = i + 2j + 2k

= (4 0) i (2 0) j + (2 2) k

= 4i 2j

Equation is
4x 2y = k
= 4 (1) 2 (1) = 6
i.e. 2x y = 3

2x + y = 3
(b)

In 1: 2 0 + a = 3 a = 3.
In 2: 0 + 3a b = 2 b = 3a 2 = 7.
Hence the point of intersection is (0, 3, 7).
Line of intersection: direction from

i j k
4 2 0
1 3 1

1
1

= 2i 4j 10k

x = 0 + 2t; y = 3 4t; z = 7 10t

There are many valid variations on this (including symmetric form) and
these were marked on their merits.
(c)

Let the angle be , then

4 6
(4i 2j) . (i + 3j k)
cos =
=
=
2
2
2
2
2
20 11
4 + 2 1 + 3 + 1
or
(4i 2j) (i + 3j k)
sin =
42 + 22 12 + 32 + 12

| |

22 + 42 + 102
=
20 11

Hence 47.6.

120
=
20 11

6
11

5
55

1M, 1

1M
1
1

page 8

15.

(a)

(b)

(c)

16.

( )
( )

1 ln x x 1x
d x
ln x 1
=
=
.
2
dx ln x
(ln x)
(ln x)2
2 ln x
2
1
d2 x
x (ln x) (ln x 1)
x
=
dx2 ln x
(ln x)4
ln x 2 ln x + 2
2 ln x
=
=
x (ln x)3
x (ln x)3
Stationary points when ln x = 1, giving x = e and y = e.
At (e, e), the second derivative is
2 1
> 0
e 13
so (e, e) is a minimum.
2

d y
2
When dx
2 = 0, ln x = 2 x = e .
x = e2 y = 12 e2.

Adding the expressions for zk and z1k gives zk + z1k = 2 cos k so

cos k = 12 (zk + zk).
Subtracting the expressions for zk and z1k gives zk z1k = 2i sin k so
sin k = 2i1 (zk zk).
cos2 sin 2 = (cos sin )2

((

z + 1z ) (z 1z )
4i
1 2
1 2
=
z 2 .
16
z

i.e. a =
OR
A correct trigonometric proof that cos2 sin 2 =
1
8

1
8

1
8

[END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]

page 9

1
1
1

1
2E1

1
1

1 2
1
z 2 = z4 + 4 2 = 2 cos 4 2
z
z
cos2 sin 2 = 18 18 cos 4,
and b = 18 .
2

1
1

zk = cos k + i sin k ,
1
1
cos k i sin k
=
= cos k i sin k .
so k =
z
cos k + i sin k
cos2 k + sin 2 k

For k = 1

1M,1

cos 4 .

2E1

1
1