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Chapter 5 Assessment
pages 166169
Section 5.1
Mastering Concepts
34. Define the following terms.
a. frequency
Frequency is the number of waves that pass a
given point per second.
b. wavelength
Wavelength is the shortest distance between
equivalent points on a continuous wave.
c. quantum
A quantum is the minimum amount of energy
that can be lost or gained by an atom.
d. ground state
An atoms ground state is its lowest allowable
energy state.
2.88 3
gamma-ray electromagnetic waves of
this frequency pass a given point per second.
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
effect?
He proposed that photons must have a certain
minimum energy level, or threshold, value to
cause the ejection of a photoelectron.
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Mastering Problems
45. Use Figure 5.20 to determine each of the
following types of radiation.
Radio
Infrared
Microwaves
10
10
10
10
12
10
14
10
10
16
10
18
20
10
22
10
Frequency () in hertz
Electromagnetic Spectrum
infrared
(nm) 400
550
600
650
700
AM radio
5 3.23 3 10219 J
n 5 c/l 5
1012
25
infrared radiation
__
UV radiation
3.00 3 10 m/s
__
5 2.54 3 10
8
Ephoton 5
hn 5 (6.626 3 10234 J ? s) (2.54 3 1016 s21)
5 1.68 3 10217 J
(1.10 3 10
J)
__
213
n 5 Ephoton/h 5
16 s21
1.18 3 1029 m
(6.626 3 10234 J ? s)
5 1.66 3 1020 s21
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any EM wave
l 5 c/n 5
500
X ray
l 5 c/n 5
450
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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
distance
d
_
5_
_
__
1000 m
d 5 2.72 3 109 km 3
5 2.72 3 1012 m
1 km
(2.72 3 1012 m)
5 9070 s or 151 min
t 5 d/v 5
(3.00 3 108 m/s)
10 Hz
_
5 1.045 3 10
6
MHz
Hz
3.00 3 10 m/s
__
5 2.871 m
8
(6.626 3
5 1.37 3 1015 Hz
450
500
656
nm
550
600
650
700
750
__
Section 5.2
Mastering Concepts
59. According to the Bohr model, how do electrons
move in atoms?
Electrons move in circular orbits around the
nucleus.
n 5 Ephoton/h 5
(nm) 400
486
nm
time
410 434
nm nm
10234
J ? s)
__
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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
n=1+ n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
n=6
n=7
Section 5.3
Mastering Concepts
76. In what sequence do electrons fill the atomic
orbitals related to a sublevel?
7s
y2,
z2
Increasing energy
x2
sublevel designated?
6s
5s
6p
5p
4p
4s
6d
5f
5d
4f
4d
3d
3p
3s
2p
2s
1s
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CHAPTER
a photon.
A quantum is the minimum amount of energy that
can be lost or gained by an atom. A photon is a
particle of light that carries a quantum of energy.
b. iodine
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Mastering Problems
84. List the aufbau sequence of orbitals from 1s
to 7p.
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d,
6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p
b. aluminum
Al: 1s22s22p63s23p1
)( )( )( )( )( )(
1s
d. gallium
)( )(
1s
3s
3p
2s
2p
d. sodium
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
)( )( )( )( )(
1s
2p
N: 1s22s22p3
2s
c. nitrogen
c. calcium
2
2s
2s
2p
)
3s
b. P
P [`Ne]3s23p3
c. Zr
Zr [Kr]5s24d2
d. Pb
Pb [Xe]6s24f145d106p2
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b. [Ar]4s2
b. arsenic
A s
Ca
c. [Xe]6s24f4
c. polonium
Po
Nd
d. potassium
d. [Kr]5s24d105p4
Te
e. barium
e. [Rn]7s25f13
Ba
Md
Br
18; 15; 4
c. calcium
d. samarium
a.
3d
4s
3p
b.
3s
3d
4s
3p
c.
3s
3d
4s
3p
d.
3s
3s
3p
4s
3d
Sn
[Kr]5s24d105p2
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f. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5
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Mixed Review
94. What is the maximum number of electrons that
can be contained in an atoms orbitals having
the following principal quantum numbers?
a. 3
18
d. f
7
b. 4
32
c. 6
18
d. 7
8
n54n52
________
c. d
4.
a. longest wavelength
longest wavelength: 4
b. greatest frequency
greatest frequency: 3
c. largest amplitude
largest amplitude: 1 and 3
d. shortest wavelength
shortest wavelength: 3
(3.01 2 10
J)
__
218
(6.626 3
5 4.54 3 1015 s21
10234
J ? s)
c = ln
(3.00 3 10 m/s)
_vc 5 __
5 6.60 3 10
8
l5
(4.54 3
28
1015 s21)
spectra?
Bohr proposed that atoms emit light of certain
wavelengths, and energies, when electrons move
from higher-energy orbits to lower-energy orbits.
b. p
3
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J per photon
E
5_
n
E
(1.00 J)
5 ___
photon
(6.626 3
10234 J
? s)
_ __
5 (6.626 3 10234 J
10220
(8.17 3 10
J)
__
219
photon
x
x
py
p orbital
1s orbital
z
dxz
Think Critically
107. Compare and Contrast Briefly discuss the
80
_
Ephoton
h
d orbital
The first orbital is spherical and related to an
s sublevel. The second orbital is dumbbellshaped, oriented along the y-axis, and related
to a p sublevel. The third orbital consists of two,
perpendicular dumbbell-shaped parts, lies in the
xz plane, and is related to a d sublevel.
Solutions Manual
CHAPTER
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Challenge Problem
hc
_
(E 2E )
J ? s 3 3.00 3 10 m/s)
5 (6.626
3 10
____
l5
234
l 5 9.38 3 1028 m
Cumulative Review
112. Round 20.56120 g to three significant figures.
(Chapter 2)
20.6 g
Additional Assessment
Document-Based Questions
Sodium Vapor When sodium metal is vaporized
in a gas-discharge lamp, two closely spaced, bright
yellow-orange lines are produced. Because sodium
vapor lamps are electrically efficient, they are used
widely for outdoor lighting, such as streetlights and
security lighting.
Writing in Chemistry
115. Neon Signs To make neon signs emit
different colors, manufacturers often fill the
signs with gases other than neon. Write an
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Na
81