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ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
S12
LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION
ICD
REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT
DURABLE STRUCTURES
SUMMARY
Existing Structure Description
LNE
Renovation Project
Structural Assessment and Inspection

Structural Interventions
OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
S12
EXISTING STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
Inaugurated in 1952, to host a

Hockey World Championship
without the roof, which was later
finished in 1954;
Crystal Palace
Occupied the same location as

the Crystal Palace, dated 1865
and inspired by Londons original;
6500m2 & 5000 seating capacity;
ICD
Original design from the architect

J.
Carlos
Loureiro,
who
participates enthusiastically in
this renovation project.
Oportos Sports Pavilion inauguration in 1952
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
FLOORS
The entrance level slab (3.3m) is

divided into 9 parts, with one
circular plus 8 radial expansion
joints;
Four levels of galleries above
level 3.3m supported by 32
triangular frames and also
divided by the 8 radial expansion
joints;
Stahlton slab in general Twoway slabs 25cm thick, prestressed in one direction and
supported by a grid of beams;
Shallow foundations.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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72m diameter, 15m high dome;
ROOF
Ribbed reinforced concrete

spherical cap;
Thin (8cm to 5cm) two way
reinforced slabs;
Supported by 32 radial beams

(meridians)
and 8 circular beams (parallels);
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These slabs have circular skylights;

In 1959, it was applied a cooper
sheet waterproofing, giving it its
characteristic greenish look.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
RENOVATION PROJECT
The renovation project determines the construction of new structures,

becoming a congress complex with a large auditorium for 1000 people,
several conference rooms and a restaurant.
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The existing building will become a modern multipurpose arena for 7000
people.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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RENOVATION PROJECT
The new auditorium will be built over an existing underground parking,

conditioning the supports location, and will have a steel structure roof
with a free span of over 30m.
In the existing pavilion, permanent stands will be introduced, which

implies the construction of steel beams attached to the existing structure
to support the stand seating elements.
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Given the uniqueness of this building the intervention observes the

principle of reversibility, meaning that the added elements may be
removed if necessary.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION
Characterization of materials
LNE
Buildings pathologies
Static load test
Dynamic load test
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS
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The inspection plan aimed at assessing the mechanical properties of the

existing materials as well as the corrosion state of the rebar in the main
reinforced concrete structural elements in order to determine the durability
and remaining life time of the structure already aged at 60 years.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS
Steels strength and Young

Modulus determination
Concretes strength, Young Modulus and

carbonation penetration determination
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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BUILDINGS PATHOLOGIES
Several pathologies were identified throughout the inspection, some of

which require an immediate attention and rehabilitation solutions.
The most critical areas were:
exterior columns;
exterior beams at the base of the dome;
connection hinges between the concrete dome and the rest of the
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structure;
columns supporting the central skylight.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
Exterior columns (al. A)
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Severe rebar oxidation due to insufficient

concrete cover in elements subjected to
environmental agents.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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Exterior beams at the base of the dome (level 5)
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The expansion joints present anomalies due to

environment effects, increased by the faulty
water tightness of the domes lower panels.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
Connection hinges between the concrete dome

and the rest of the structure
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Disaggregation of unconfined concrete, placed

afterwards to lock the nodes rotation after the
domes completion.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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Columns supporting the central skylight
ICD
Severe concrete deterioration and rebar oxidation on the columns upper

and lower ends.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS
LNE
The load tests preformed during the inspection, allowed, not only to assess
the structural integrity and determine the behaviour of the existing structure
under the new loading, but also to calibrate the numerical models used in
the structural design process.
Cantilever load test
Arena slab load test
Dynamic load test

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DURABLE STRUCTURES
S12

Cantilever load test
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3 load tests were preformed on the 2nd

level radial cantilever beams in order to
simulate the load from the new stands.
The results confirmed the existing
structures capacity to withstand the
new imposed loads.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES

Arena slab load test
LNE
Due to its key role on the renovation project, the arena slab was subjected
to load testing under different configurations, namely, distributed and
punching loads on different panels as well as linear and concentrated
loads on beams. The results of these tests lead to the definition of
strengthening solutions to the inner span of the radial beams.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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Dynamic load test
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Both ambient vibration tests and forced

vibration tests were preformed, through
which the most significant natural
frequencies and damping coefficients
were determined.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS
Stand structure
Strengthening the slabs
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Strengthening the foundations
Suspension of technical grid

Strengthening the dome
Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structure
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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STAND STRUCTURE
In order to accommodate the increased number of
seating audience while providing a higher comfort, a
new fixed stand was introduced in the renovation
project.
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The stands structural concept evolved through

different solutions having in mind the structural
optimization and minimization of the impact over the
existing structure and of the respective retrofit.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
STRENGTHENING THE SLABS
Changing
the
loading
by
introducing new surcharges, point
loads from the stand and the
existence of penetrations in the
slabs, led to the need to check the
impact on the existing structure of
all these modifications.
It was concluded that the slab
could be maintained although
there is need to retrofit locally and
to introduce strengthening in
beams.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
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ICD
STRENGTHENING THE SLABS
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS

Due to the increased load in the arena slab and the reduced dimensions of
the existing foundations, strengthening solutions were adopted.
Furthermore, consequence of deepening the ground slab level, several
existing foundations needed to be replaced by new ones at the new deeper
level. A construction method had to be planned to support the loads during
the execution.
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
S12
ICD
SUSPENSION OF TECHNICAL GRID

The renovation project, with the objective of creating a multipurpose venue,
previewed the installation of a technical grid, supported from the dome.
Even though the grid itself does not make part of this project, support points
were considered and a thorough study was carried out in order to assess
the effect of the corresponding loads on the existing domes structure.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
STRENGTHENING THE DOME

As a dome, the roof structure of the pavilion, is highly susceptible to loads
which are not uniformly distributed. Therefore, the installation of the grid
and the respective loads, which may vary their intensity and position, forced
to implement strengthening solution to the domes structure, in particular the
lower parallel, and the top (closing) parallel.
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
S12
ICD
REHABILITATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

The methods for the repair and
protection of concrete structures
detailed are grouped in 11 principles
which relate to degradation of the
concrete matrix or defects caused by
reinforcement corrosion.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
REHABILITATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

The rehabilitation methodology consisted in the definition of groups of
activities, which are applied to the different structural elements depending
on:
LNE
type and extent of the

pathology;
environment to which the

element is subjected;
desired appearance when
finished.
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
CONCLUSIONS
S12
Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the designed lifetime;

Unsatisfactory diagnosis and incorrect choice and application of
rehabilitation product may lead to severe pathologies in the future;
The proposed retrofit design and rehabilitation measures, based on this

information, aimed fundamentally at extending the life of the reinforced
concrete structure as well as to respond to the new proposed uses;
The thorough knowledge of the existing structures condition and
ICD
behaviour obtained from the exhaustive inspection plan carried out in

the design phase, minimized the volume of demolition of existing
structural elements, leading, not only to lower costs but also to the
preservation of an important landmark to the city of Porto.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
OBRIGADO
30

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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION

REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

Existing Structure Description

Structural Assessment and Inspection

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EXISTING STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION

Inaugurated in 1952, to host a

Occupied the same location as

Original design from the architect

Oportos Sports Pavilion inauguration in 1952

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

EXISTING STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION

The entrance level slab (3.3m) is

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EXISTING STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION

72m diameter, 15m high dome;

Ribbed reinforced concrete

Supported by 32 radial beams

and 8 circular beams (parallels);

These slabs have circular skylights;

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

The renovation project determines the construction of new structures,

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

The new auditorium will be built over an existing underground parking,

In the existing pavilion, permanent stands will be introduced, which

Given the uniqueness of this building the intervention observes the

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Dynamic load test

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

The inspection plan aimed at assessing the mechanical properties of the

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Steels strength and Young

Concretes strength, Young Modulus and

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Several pathologies were identified throughout the inspection, some of

exterior beams at the base of the dome;

columns supporting the central skylight.

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Severe rebar oxidation due to insufficient

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Exterior beams at the base of the dome (level 5)

The expansion joints present anomalies due to

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION

Connection hinges between the concrete dome

Disaggregation of unconfined concrete, placed

OPORTOS SPORTS PAVILION REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION