COURSE: CVE 334 HYDRAULICS (3 Credits- Compulsory)

Course Duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks (45 hours)
Lecturers:
OLANLOKUN, Olayemi Kofoworola,
B. Eng Civil, M.Sc Engineering
Olanlokun.ok@unilorin.edu.ng, yemilokun@yahoo.co.uk
Office Location: Room 22, Ground Floor, Civil & Mechanical Engineering Building (Block 8).
Consultation Hours: 12.00-2.00pm Tuesdays and Wednesday.
AYANSHOLA, Ayanniyi Mufutau
ND, B.Eng, M.Eng (Civil Engineering)
amniyi@unilorin.edu.ng, amniyi75@yahoo.com
Office Location: Room 16, First Floor, Civil & Mechanical Engineering Building (Block 8).
Consultation Hours: 2.00-3.00pm Monday-Friday.
COURSE DETAILS
Course Content: Viscous flow, Pressure drop, shear stress, viscosity, Reynolds number,
applications, ideal fluid flow, flow patterns, superposition of flows, fluid measurement &
flows in parallel plates, pipes and circular spaces, velocity and pressure distribution, relative
roughness, pumps and turbines, open channel flow, weirs.
45h (T), PR CHE 241, C
Course Description: The course is designed to give students an understanding of the
behaviour of liquids in both states of rest and motion, building on the knowledge already
attained in 200 Level Fluid Mechanics.
The extent of the course starts from understanding the effect of pressure on an object,
whether totally submerged or partially submerged in a body of liquid, calculations of
fundamental quantities in Hydraulics, relationship between viscosity, Reynolds number and
types of flow. Also included in the course are pipe network analysis, arrangement of pipes in
a distribution network, effect of roughness in pipes and coefficients and charts used in pipe
design. Hydraulic machines i.e. Pumps and turbines are also contained - Types of pumps
and their components, pump selection. The three dominant basic types of turbines radial
flow, axial flow and the Pelton are discussed. Open channel flow-possible types of flow,
design of open channels, and application of Mannings and Chezys equations. Critical depth.
Weirs their use, type and design.
Course Justification: The role of water in any society cannot be over-emphasised. Ranging
from the basic human consumption, transportation of wastewater, flow of water under a

bridge to building a dam across a river, to mention a few. It is necessary to understand what
happens to a liquid whether in a stationary state or in motion and the influence it has on its
containing vessels. Hydraulics gives the Civil Engineer an insight to the behaviour of water,
such that when he has to make decisions or design, he does so based on the knowledge of
what is possible. The Engineer is thus able to present economical, effective and efficient
options.
Course Objective: The course is a vital part of the Civil/Agricultural Engineering Bachelor
degree which gives the student foundation knowledge of the behaviour of liquids with
particular prominence given to water. The objective is to help the Engineer understand the
governing rules and nature of water, which in turn give a better understanding of 21 st
century water-related engineering problems and would ultimately result in optimal design
and or maintenance solutions.
Course Requirement: It is a compulsory course for all civil and agricultural engineering
students. Students are expected to participate in all course activities and have a minimum
of 75% attendance.
Method of Grading:
No

Item

Score %

1
2
3

Assignment/Test 1
Assignment/Test 2
Examination
Total

15
15
70
100

Course Delivery Strategy: Lectures will be delivered face-to-face, with additional

explanation on blackboard or whiteboard. Lectures will include illustrative examples
(worked problems) as appropriate.
LECTURE CONTENT
Week 1- 2: Introduction to Hydraulics & fundamental properties of liquids.
Objective: To give the students a broad overview of the course, the importance of Hydraulics to the
Agricultural & Civil Engineers. To recap on the properties of liquids which form the building blocks of
the course and introduce some of the basic essentials to understanding Hydraulics.
Description: What is Hydraulics and its importance, forces that can act on a unit area of liquid
(stress) emphasis on shear stress, density, viscous flow and viscosity, Reynoldss number & its
application in flow classification. Some classification of flows- internal flow & external, uniform &
non-uniform, steady & unsteady flow. Control volume. Continuity equation. Pressure in liquids,
Bernoulli and Energy equations and their applications.
Study questions/Assignment:

Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.

Week 3-4: ideal fluid flow & flow patterns
Objective: To give students an introduction on how flows can be visualised.
Description: Two ways of describing flow- Langrangian & Eulerian method. Advantages &
disadvantage of the methods. Differences in the two methods. Flow line paths. Streamlines & their
properties, potential flows. Typical flow patterns. Sink, source & vortex, superposition of flowsdoublet.
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.
Week 5: Fluid Measurement, Flows in parallel plates
Objective: Introduce the students to how flow or discharge of a stream of liquid can be measured
using a variety of instruments.
Description: Properties of devices such as Venturi Meter, Pitot tube. Principle (Bernoulli Equation)
used in these devices, limitations, use of coefficient of discharge
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.

Week 6 & 7: Pipes & Circular space.

Objective: Introduce the students to the fundamentals in Pipe network analysis , the need for
coefficients, and the basic equations and charts used globally.
Description: Boundary layer & pressure distribution, head losses, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, DarcyWeisbach equation, pipe friction factor, Colebrook-white equation, the Moody diagram, estimation
of discharge given diameter and head loss. Difference between local head loss and frictional head
loss. Arrangement of pipes- series, parallel & branching. Equivalent pipe. Hardy-cross loop method,
nodal method. Effect of roughness & use of coefficients.
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.
Week 8: Test
Week 9 & 10: Pumps and Turbines
Objective: Introduction to Pumps and Turbines and the underlying principle in their design and
application.
Description: Work, Power, energy. Definition of pump, classification of Pumps- radial-flow pumps,
axial-flow pumps, mixed flow pumps, differences, performance curves, best design. Pump selection

for specific purpose. Definition of turbine, Types of turbines- Impulse and reaction turbines.
Cavitation and its effect on pumps and turbines.
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.

Week 11 & 12: Open Channel flow

Objective: to introduce the students to open channel flow which is a common feature in civil
engineering rivers, canals, pipes flowing partially full. Highlight the challenges of open channel as a
result of the existence of a free surface which is influenced by atmospheric pressure.
Description: Definition of an open channel, geometric properties used in relation to open channel.
Classification of flows, significance of Froude Number, Chezy-Mannings equation, application of
energy equation. Subcritical, critical and supercritical flow. Critical depth and velocity. Best
hydraulic section ,
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.

Week 13 & 14: Weirs

Objective: to introduce students to some hydraulic structures which are used to regulate or measure
flow.
Description: Head-discharge relationship based on the Bernoulli equation and modifications made to
account for losses of energy. Types of weirs-sharp crested, broad crested; rectangular, triangular.
Submergence ratio and modular limit.
Study questions/Assignment:
Questions will be given to assess understanding of the topic.
Week 15: Revision

General Reading List:

1. Rajput2, R K. (1998). A textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines.
Rajendra Ravindra Printers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 81-219-1666-6
2. Cimbala2 J.M and Cengel Y.A (2008) Essentials of Fluid Mechanics- fundamentals and
applications. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN:978-0-07-110205-6
3. Chadwick4 A, Morfett J and Borthwick M (2004). Hydraulics in Civil and
Environmental Engineering 4th Edition. Spon Press. ISBN: 978-0-415-30609-6
4. Fluids ebook3. https://ecourses.ou.edu/cgi-bin/ebook
5. Hamill4 L (2001). Understanding Hydraulics 2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN:
978-0333779064

Legend
1

Available in the University Library

- Available in local bookshops
3
Available on the Web
4
Personal Collection
5
- Departmental Library
2