PIPIING FL

LEXIBIL
LITY AN
NALYS
SIS AND
D SUPP
PORTIN
NG
G
GUIDEL
LINES R
REPOR
RT FOR
R DYNA
AMIC L
LOADS
S

C
CENTRAL & WESTE
ERN REG
GIONS PR
ROJECT DEPARTM
D
MENT/
MIDYA
AN GAS P
PLANT PR
ROJECTS DIVISION
N (MGPPD
D)
B
BI-10-031
57
M
MIDYAN
G
GAS PRO
OCESSING
G FACILIT
TIES

Prepared by

LAR
RSEN TO
OUBRO A
ARABIA
A LLC
Date:: April 022, 2015

INDEX

Sr. No. Description

Page

1.

Introduction

2.

Applicable Codes & Standards

Flexibility Analysis Requirement

4.

Seismic Load Calculation

5.

Two Phases (Slug) Load Calculation

6.

Supporting guidelines for non-critical Lines

7.

Flexibility Analysis of Critical Lines

8.

Piping load input:

9.

Pipe Support Arrangement on structure for Dynamic Loads.

10.

Flexibility in pipes Under Seismic Event

11.

Conclusion

11

1. Introduction: The document presents the guidelines and procedures for flexibility analysis of
flexibility critical and non-critical lines and supporting arrangement for piping system subjected to
dynamic loads (Seismic and Two Phases Flow Lines) for Midyan Gas Processing Facilities, Saudi
Aramco.
2. Applicable Codes & Standards:
SAES-L-120:

Piping Flexibility Analysis

SAES-L-310:

Design of Plant Piping

SABP-L-010:

Guideline of Evaluating of Pipe Movement

SABP-L-006:

Piping Stress Analysis Review

ASME B31.3:

Process Piping

3. Flexibility Analysis Requirement: As per SAES-L-120, the piping systems are categorized in three
categories for carrying out pipe flexibility Analysis.
a. Detail Analysis.
b. Formal Analysis
c. Formal Review
The lines under category details Analysis are analyzed for static load as well as dynamic loads
(Seismic and Slug Forces) using computer software CAESAR II.
The lines under category of Formal Analysis are analyzed for static loads using computer software
CAESAR II
4. Seismic Load Calculation: The Seismic loads are calculated using response spectrum method as per
data is given SAES-A-112 and guidelines per ASCE 7-05.
Following parameters are considered for calculating seismic load.
Short Period Acceleration (SS) in %g = 40
One Sec Period Acceleration (S1) in %g = 13
Site Class = D
Importance factor = 1.5 for Occupancy Category IV
Site Coefficient Fa = 1.48
Site Coefficient Fv = 2.38
1

ug) Load Caalculation: Inn two phase fflow lines the slug loads are calculateed as below
5. Twoo Phases (Slu
per ddata from Proocess Disciplline.

FAxial =

AV2(1-C
Cos)

FOrthogonal =

AV2Sinn

W
Where:
=L
Liquid Fluid density
A = Internal Pipee C/S Area
V=V
Velocity of S
Slug
The pipee flexibility aanalysis is perrformed usinng response spectrum
s
metthod for slugg loading.
6. Supp
porting guid
delines for non-critical Lines:
L
The lines under third
t
categorry (Formal R
Review) are w
well supporteed with guidee/axial stop aand clamps
to taake care weiight, thermaal expansion as well as rigidity of tthe piping syystem. The supporting
guiddelines are as below:

T horizonttal lines are ssupport first iin line with bbasic span chhart to avoid sagging
The
s
in piipe.

T vertical lines are suppported at onne place abovve to center of gravity of Vertical Ruuns against
The
g
gravity
load.

T lines aree guided in linne with guide space chartt.

The

T lines ruunning at higgh level are also supportted for vertical restraint to avoid falll off from
The
s
structure
by pproviding claamp or verticcal stop.

T lines havving two phaases flow is pproperly suppported with axxial stops and guides to kkeep lowest
The
n
natural
frequuency of pipinng system hhigher than expected freqquency of sluug bundle in ppipe which
i below 4 Hz as per standdard engineeering practicee to avoid anyy kind of faillure due to reesonance.
is

T lowest natural
The
n
frequuencies of linnes are tabuulated for thee simply-suppported and ffixed-fixed
s
supported
at both ends wiith 6 m span on the pipe rack
r
as below
w.

CAL
LCULATIO
ON OF LOW
WEST NAT
TURAL FR
REQUENCY PIPE SU
UPPORTED
D ON PIPE
E
RACK
K
Pipe
Size

S
SCH

Inch
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24

80
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD
S
STD

OD
D

TH
K

Area
Moment
of
Inertia
I

Weight per unit

length

Sup
pport
SP
PAN

S
SimplySu
upported

Fixed-Fixeed
Supported
d

WL

WV

LL

LV

fL

fV

fL

fV

mm
m

mm

mm4

Kg/m

K
Kg/m

Hzz

Hz

Hz

H
Hz

60.30
88.990
114.330
168.330
219.110
273.110
323.990
355.660
406.440
457.000
508.000
610.000

5.54
5.49
6.02
7.11
8.18
9.27
9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53

33.61E+05
11.26E+06
33.01E+06
11.17E+07
33.02E+07
66.69E+07
11.16E+08
11.55E+08
22.34E+08
33.35E+08
44.64E+08
88.10E+08

9.38
16.06
24.29
46.91
74.83
111.21
146.87
170.29
2211.11
2255.80
304.91
4415.39

77.48
111.29
166.08
288.26
422.55
600.31
733.88
811.33
933.27
1005.17
117.15
1441.12

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

3.833
5.466
6.877
9.755
12.339
15.114
17.337
18.663
20.555
22.335
24.006
27.226

4.29
6.51
8.44
12.56
16.44
20.56
24.49
26.96
30.91
34.85
38.82
46.76

8.67
12.37
15.57
22.10
28.09
34.31
39.37
42.23
46.57
50.65
54.54
61.78

9.771
14.75
19.14
28.48
37.25
46.59
55.51
61.10
70.06
78.99
87.99
105.99

The natural frequuency for thee simply-suppported case iss

f = (1/2)(/L)2(E
EI/W)
The natural frequuency for thhe fixed-fixedd case is
calcuulation.
f = (1/2)(22.37//L2)(EI/W)
Wheere:
E (Y
Young Modullus of Carbonn Steel) = 0.22 N/mm2
3

Have backupp data to proove authenticcity of this

 (Density of Carbon Steel) = 0.0785 Kg/mm3

From the above table, it is clear that the lines two inch and above on pipe rack shall have
minimum lowest frequency near to 4 Hz.
Note: The above said calculation is only for demonstration not being used for calculating for the
checking the frequency in project.
7. Flexibility Analysis of Critical Lines:
Standard Engineering Guidelines for analysis of flexibility critical piping system as per SAES-L-120
and ASME B31.3.

The piping systems under detail analysis and formal analysis criteria are analyzed for static load
as well as for occasional loads using of Computer software CAESAR II.

The piping systems are analyzed first for static load (sustained load, thermal load at operating,
maximum design and minimum design conditions including wind load if applicable).

After fulfilling the requirement of code and standard guidelines for static loads, the piping system
is analyzed for occasional loads by using response spectrum method in dynamic analysis for only
under detail analysis category.

The code stresses are checked for within the limit of dynamic code allowable stresses.

The displacement and load on structure for dynamic load in piping system is also check to avoid
interference with other nearby pipe and load input for civil discipline.

For two phase flow having slug flow, the modal analysis is performed to keep the lowest natural
frequency of the piping system 6Hz which is much higher than natural frequency of structure to
avoid resonance with flow in the piping system as well as structure by proving guide and Axial
Stop.

After modal analysis, the piping system is checked for slug load to verify the stresses,
displacement and slug load on structure using response spectrum method under occasional load.

An axial stop is provided in a straight run as a minimum and load due to slug force is passed to
civil to take care in the design of structure.

8. Piping load input:

The static loads are given to civil discipline to design the structure for Sustained load, operating
load and Test Load.

For two phase flow lines, higher of static and dynamic loads are given to civil discipline and
Structure has been designed accordingly.

Wind and Seismic loads are to be considered by civil.

All two phase lines are line stopped at braced bay.

4

9. Pipee Support Arrrangement on structurre for Occasiional Loads..

9.1 Rest
R with Guide Supporrt for Insulaated Pipes

9.2 Rest
R with Axxial Stop forr Insulated P
Pipes

9.3 Vertical
V
Resstraint Supp
port for insulated Pipe

G
Support for Baree Pipe
9.4 Guide

9.5 Axial
A
Stop ffor Bare Pipee

9.6 Vertical
V
Resstraint for B
Bare Pipe

C
Supp
port for Guide and vertiical stop for Small Bore Pipe.
9.7 Clamp

9.8 Rest
R Supporrt for Verticcal Lines

G
Support for Verttical Lines
9.9 Guide

pes Under Seismic Even

nt.
10. Flexxibility in pip
Duriing seismic eevent the strructures mayy drift in diffferent directiion and to accommodatee the same,
pipes are routed and supporteed in such a way that pippes shall havve natural fleexibility. Few
w examples
and gguidelines arre as below.
10.1 Supportin
ng of pipe on
n Pipe Rack
T pipe runns on pipe raack is suppoorted with sinngle limit sttop and guiddes at other ccolumns as
The
s
shown
in figuure

T pipes aree routed at m

The
minimum 1 m level differeence at enteriing and exit llevel from piipe rack.

A exit pointt/entering point of pipe frrom Pipe Raack the guidee until requireed under stattic analysis
At
i not provided to allow thhe movemennt of pipe in ddifferent direection during seismic evennt.
is

A other coluumns, guide iis provided thhe pipe to staay with pipe rack during seismic
At
s
evennt.

A limit stop is provided ffor static loadd and the sam

me is used too stop the moovement of piipe in axial
d
direction
durring seismic eevent.

10.2 Supportin
ng of pipe on
n Tee Supporrt
T pipe runns on tee suppport is suppported with eeither guide or
The
o U-bolt or on tee support so pipe
m not fall off from the tee support aas shown in ffigures.
may

port near equ

uipment on grad and for Vertical Pipe
10.3 Pipe Supp
T pipe is ssupported at distance from the equipm
The
ment to provvide the suffi
ficient flexibiility during
s
seismic
evennt as shown inn figure.

port on Colu
umn/Tank
10.4 Pipe Supp
The pipe on column/Tannk is proper gguided with too stay with ccolumn/Tank during seism
mic event.

10

ported on sleeepers
10.5 Pipe Supp
T pipe runns on sleeperr is supporteed with singlle limit stop in straight run
The
r and guiddes on each
s
sleeper
to avoid any kindd of failure unnder seismic event.

11. Con
nclusion: Thhe practices followed byy engineerinng team are complying with applicaable Saudi
Aram
mco and Intternational Codes
C
& Staandards alongg with best engineeringg practices. T
The piping
systeem has been analyzed annd done suppporting arranngement for static
s
load annd dynamic load under
operration conditiion by considdering inter ddependent behavior of pipping and struccture.

11