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GEOGRAPHY

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er

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

9696/02, 9696/03

Papers 2 and 3
May/June 2004
3 hours

INSERT

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This insert contains all the Figures referred to in the questions.

This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

(DR) S57475/3
UCLES 2004

[Turn over

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Fig.1 for Question 1
The location of two soil types along a soil catena in the tropical savanna

Soil A

Soil B

Granite

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Fig. 2 for Question 4
Some Stores and Transfers of Sediment in a Coastal Zone

Cliffs

Dunes

Cliff erosion

Blown sand

Beaches
Onshore
currents

Rivers

Deposition
in estuaries
and deltas

Offshore
currents

Sea bed

Offshore
deposition

Key:
Store
Transfers

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4
Fig. 3 for Question 6
Volcanic and Seismic events leading to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on 14 June 1991

DATE

EVENT

MONITORING AND SURVEYS

2 APRIL

Small eruption of steam and

ash covers villages 10 km
away.

Seismographs installed on
mountain, Volcanic Observatory
set up.

GOVERNMENT ACTION

23 May

Volcanic hazard map results

from surveys.
Throughout May seismographs
record 1800 small earthquakes
26km deep, 5km north west
of summit.

Hazard map distributed by

Government.

1328 May

SO2 concentrations increase

x10.

5 levels of alert published:

1 = low level unrest
5 = eruption underway

1 June

Eruptions change to new

focus less than 5km deep.
Small explosion and then
ash eruptions, harmonic
tremors suggest magma
ascent.

3 June

Small explosion and then

ash eruptions, harmonic
tremors suggest magma
ascent.

5 June

Alert level 3 eruption within a

fortnight. Areas threatened by
nues ardentes (pyroclastic
flows) evacuated.

6 June

Tiltmeter near summit

indicates bulge in volcano

7 June

Column of ash and steam up

to 8km in height.

8 June

Magma reaches surface.

Alert level 4 (explosive eruption

in 24 hours).

9 June

Alert level 5 evacuation of all

inhabitants within 20km of
summit

12 June

Two major eruptions. 08.51

major eruption sends
column of gas, ash up to
19km in height.

14 June

Eruptions up to 40km in
height.

Observations now difficult

because of ash clouds.

15 June

Eruptions of increasing
intensity. Nues ardentes
(pyroclastic flows) frequent.
Ash widley deposited
made heavy by rain from
Typhoon Yunga.

Seismographs destroyed.

UCLES 2004

Evacuation zone extended to

30km from summit. Manila
Airport closed.

9696/02,03 Insert M/J04

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Fig. 4 for Question 8
Some evidence that the Sahara Desert experienced a wetter climate in the past

Atlas
Mountains
Hoggar
Mountains

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Tassili Mountains
Tibesti Mountains

Mega Lake Chad

covering 300 000 km2
twice the size of today

ATLANTI C O CEAN

Key:
Dry valley systems in mountains
Sahara Desert
Relic faunas/floras oak and cedar forests
Evidence of ancient peoples farming on savanna

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Fig. 5 for Question 10
Survey of industrial location in a region of a MEDC

Location
Road communications
Labour availability
Air communications
Labour skills
Proximity to supplies
Accessibility of sites
Rail communications
Availability of sites
Quality of labour
Telecommunications
Site costs

20

40

60

Image of region
Availability of grants
Education
Quality of premises
Overall environment
Road communications
Rail communications
Quality of labour
Quality of housing
Leisure facilities
Labour skills
Air communications

% of firms identifying as major strengths

20

40

60

% of firms identifying as major weaknesses

Figs 6A, 6B and 6C for Question 11

Oil production, oil consumption and oil reserves, 1999

Production
(65.5 million barrels a day)

Consumption
(65.5 million barrels a day)

Reserves
(1012 billion barrels)

Other
12.5%

Middle East
26.3%
North
America
16.6%

Western
Europe
6.2%

CIS and
Eastern Europe
20.3%

North
America
27.0%

CIS and
Eastern
Europe
15.2%
Asia and
Australasia
18.3%

Western
Europe
27.0%

Latin
America
11.3% Africa
9.3%
Asia and
Australasia
10.0%

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9696/02,03 Insert M/J04

Middle East
64.5%

North
America
4.2%
Western
Europe
1.8%

Latin
America
13.2%

CIS and
Eastern Europe
5.9%
Asia and
Africa Australasia
5.9%
4.5%

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Fig. 7 for Question 13
North American trade, 1995

ASIA AND
MIDDLE EAST

ts 12

CIS AND
EASTERN EUROPE

222
,166

46,1

r ts 1

o
exp

expo
r

r ts

impo

o
imp

r ts 1

7,88

54,8

94

EUROPEAN
UNION

16

s
or t

im

,13

11

s
or t

,15

10

exp

67

35,9

r ts 1

impo

r
expo

,829

ts 72

NORTH

impo

r ts 1

JAPAN

expo
r

AMERICA

6,87

839

AFRICA

01

s
ort

4,5

impor

s1

ort

,202

86

225,0

ts 263

p
ex

ts
expor

im

4
,56

AUSTRALIA

CARIBBEAN
AND
LATIN
AMERICA

Key:

Imports and Exports

of North America
(millions of U.S. dollars)

200,000
100,000
100

imports

exports

200,000
100,000
100

total imports 934,242

total exports 772,703

UCLES 2004

ts 7,

9696/02,03 Insert M/J04

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Fig. 8 for Question 14
The High Atlas Tourist Code

As a guest, respect local traditions,

protect local cultures, maintain local pride.
When taking photographs, respect privacy - ask
permission and use restraint.
Respect religious and cultural places - preserve
what you have come to see, never touch or remove
religious objects.
Giving to children encourages begging. A donation
to a project, health centre or school is a more
constructive way to help.
You will be accepted and welcomed if you follow
local customs. Use only your right hand for eating
and greeting. It is polite to use both hands when giving
or receiving gifts.
Respect for local etiquette earns you respect loose, light weight clothes are preferable to revealing
shorts, skimpy tops and tight fitting action wear. Hand
holding or kissing in public are disliked by local
people.
Visitors who value local traditions encourage local
pride and maintain local cultures - please help local
people gain a realistic view of life in your country.

Be patient, friendly and sensitive!

Remember - you are a guest!

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Fig. 9 for Question 15
Countries experiencing change in average income per person

MEDCs
Asia
North Africa &
the Middle East
Eastern Europe
& the CIS
Latin America
& the Caribbean
Sub-Saharan
Africa

35

30 25 20 15 10
5
number of countries where average
income per person 1990-1995 was
lower than before

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5
10 15 20 25 30 35
number of countries where average
income per person 1990-1995 was
higher than before

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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.

9696/02,03 Insert M/J04