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I. Introduction
Turbo codes introduced in [1] have been shown to perform
near the Shannons channel capacity limit on additive white
Gaussian noise channels. As a powerful coding technique, a
turbo code offers great promise for improving the reliability of
communication systems such as those based on the Digital
Video Broadcasting standard for Return Channel via Satellite
(DVB-RCS) technology [2]. These systems adaptively control
the modulation (binary phase shift keying, quadrature PSK,
8-PSK, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation, etc.), the
Manuscript received Sept. 17, 2004; revised Feb. 14, 2005.
Euna Choi (phone: +82 42 860 6655, email: eachoi@etri.re.kr), and Deock-Gil Oh (email:
dgoh@etri.re.kr) are with Digital Broadcasting Research Division, ETRI, Daejeon, Korea.
Ji-Won Jung (email: jwjung@hanara.kmaritime.ac.kr ) is with the Department of Radio and
Science Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Korea.
Nae-Soo Kim (email: nskim@etri.re.kr) is with Telematics & USN Research Division,
ETRI, Daejeon, Korea.
Young-Wan Kim (email: ywkim@kunsan.ac.kr) is with the Department of Electronics and
Information Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.
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coded bits (u2, u1, c1k), which are mapped onto 8-PSK signal
points, where c1k is the output of the standard turbo encoder and
is punctured. The signal points are labeled by a triplet (u2, u1,
c1k), as shown in Fig. 2.
011
001
010
001 (1)
010 (2)
011 (3)
000 (0)
000
100
u2u1c1k
111 (7)
100 (4)
101 (5)
110 (6)
101
110
111
u1
RSC1
c1k
INT
r (t ) = x + jy ,
8PSK
mapper
RSC2
= tan 1 ( y / x ) .
u2
u2
x +
r(t) Coset
y
symbol
transformer
DEC 1
INT
DEC 2 DE-INT
~
u1
DEMUX
Re-encoder
3 bits
Delay
PSQ
LUT
~
u2
224
1.5
1
0.5
-1.5
-0.5
0.5
1.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
2
1.5
00
0.5
-2
-1
01
-0.5
-1
10
-1.5
11
-2
(b) Transformed into QPSK symbols
Phase information
( 1 , 2 , 3 )
Estimate
u~
(000),(001),(110),(111)
(010),(011),(100),(101)
(000),(001),(010),(111)
(011),(100),(101),(110)
(000),(101),(110),(111)
(001),(010),(011),(100)
(000),(001),(010),(011)
(100),(101),(110),(111)
COMPARE
l<0
COMPARE
Q<0
COMPARE
|l|<|Q|
Parallel to
serial
(P/S)
1 2 3
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IV. Conclusion
In this paper, we presented the turbo pragmatic TCM with
two coded bits per symbol, based on a realization of the rate
n/(n+1) trellis-coded scheme using an off-the-shelf turbo
decoder originally designed for a standard rate 1/2 turbo
decoder for B/QPSK modulation. Compared to the
conventional turbo TCM, although the proposed decoder
exhibits a small loss of less than 0.2 dB, it requires less
hardware, consumes less power, and reduces the receiver cost.
The proposed approach may be extended to a variable coding
rate (rate-5/6 and rate-8/9) depending on how many uncoded
bits are assigned. Also, it can be used for 2m-QAM
constellations with m 4 .
-1
log10(Pe)
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
EbNo(dB)
Ref [4] (16 state, 5 iteration,
interleaver size 500 bits)
TCPTCM (r=2/3, 16 state,
5 iteration, interleaver size 500 bits)
PTCM (24 sector, 64 states)
uncoded QPSK
References
[1] L. R. Bahl et al., Optimal Decoding of Linear Code for
Minimizing Symbol Error Rate, IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol.
IT-20, Mar, 1994, pp.248-287.
[2] EN 301 790 v1.3.1, Digital Video Broadcasting(DVB) ;
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