PROCEDURE

1. The dye injector was lowered until it is seen in the glass tube.
2. The inlet valve, V1 was opened in order to allow the water to enter the stilling tank.
3. A small overflow spillage through the over flow tube was ensured to maintain a
constant level.
4. The water was allowed to settle for a few minutes.
5. The flow control valve was opened fractionally to allow the water to flow through the
visualizing tube.
6. The dye control needle valve was adjusted slowly until a slow flow with dye injection
is achieved.
7. The water valve, V1 and outer valve, V2 was regulated until a straight identifiable dye
line was achieved.
8. The time was set to constant at 10 second for one flow. The first flow that develops
was laminar flow. The outlet volume was collected for three times to get more
accurate reading and the average of the flow was calculated.
9. The flow rate was measured using volumetric method.
10. The experiment was repeated to producing the transitional and turbulent flow by
changed the valve, V1 and outlet valve, V2.
11. The data was recorded.
OBJECTIVE
The objective for this experiment was:
1. To investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation applied to the steady flow of
water in a tapered duct.
2. To measure the flow rates, both static and total pressure heads in a rigid
convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates.
3. To compute Reynoldss number and determine Reynoldss number.
4. To observe the characteristic of fluid whether laminar, transitional or turbulent flow
5. To determine the upper and lower critical velocities at transitional flow

APPENDIX

Laminar flow

Turbulent flow

Transitional flow

ABSTRACT/SUMMARY
The main aim for this experiment was to investigate the type of flow of the fluid whether
laminar, transitional or turbulent flow by observing the dye
line and using the calculation of the Reynoldss number to
determine the flow of fluid. The apparatus used in this
experiment was stopwatch, measuring cylinder, and Osborn
Reynolds Demonstration unit By doing this experiment, the
Osborne Reynolds
flow of fluid can be observed byDemonstration
using the dyeUnit
plus water
in the head tank. The outlet volume was collected three
times with constant time of 10 second. Using the flow rate
from the water, the Reynolds number was determined.
When the Reynolds number, Re < 2000 the flow is
Laminar but when Re
>

4000

the

flow

is

turbulent and when

2000

< Re < 4000 it is

called

transition flow. From

the

data

that

collected,

was
this

experiment shows that all these three

types of flow were existed.

Inlet Valve, V1

Stopwatch