Egypt Exploration Society

The Sons of Tuthmosis IV

Author(s): Percy E. Newberry
Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (May, 1928), pp. 82-85
Published by: Egypt Exploration Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3854070
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82

THE SONS OF TUTHMOSIS IV

BY PERCY E. NEWBERRY
With Plate xii.
N. de Garis Davies, writing in this Journal, ix, 133, remarks that in the Theban
Tomb No. 226, the owner, "a royal scribe and
steward, is depicted sitting with four nude
children upon his lap who wear the side-lock 1.
A detached fragment shows that one of these,
not the youngest, was a King's son, beloved by
him, rAkheperrer2. The painting is a very rough
and broken one, and it is impossible to say if
all the children meant were boys." As the tomb
contains a portrait of Amenophis III sitting enthroned with his mother Mutemwia, Davies
dates it to the first half of that great Pharaoh's
reign. "The appearance of Mutemwia in Tomb
No. 226," writes Davies in another place3, "is
not due to the unmarried state of the king.
A rough and damaged scene there shows the
owner seated with no fewer than four of the
royal children on his knee at once...... Who are
these four children? The name of one of them
Fig. x. Scale
on
a
as
the
survives
(not
youngest)
fragment
9Akheper(u?)rer; another may have been Tuthmosis, the heir who died young, and a
third Akhenaten." In the article in this Journal, Davies says, "Here is a brother, and
probably an elder brother of Akhenaten." If, however, we examine all the evidence
relating to the prince rkheper(u)rer it will, I think, point to his being a son of Tuthmosis IV, rather than of Amenophis III. The evidence is this:
I. Tomb No. 226 at Thebes is of a T- " 4 " Overseer of the King's Tutors," who
1 This scene is
figured by Davies in the Bulletin of the Metropolitan! ,lfuseum of Art, New York, Dec.
1923, Part II, 42, fig. 3.
2 In a footnote to
Journal, ix, 133, Davies remarks that his "notes do not show whether the form
fAkheperurer was possible or excluded. In any case rAkheperref is a variant which Amenophis II also
used." In the Bulletin article (p. 43) Davies gives the reading rAkheper(u)rer. My tracing, made two
years ago, shows that the plaster is broken away below the 4pr-sign, see Fig. 1.
3 Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Dec. 1923, Part II, 42-43. LEPSIUS,
Kdnigsbuch, No. 340, makes an rAkheperurer a son of Tuthmosis IV, and so also does GAUTHIER,Le livre des rois,
II, 304.
4 This title cannot be
' --asv given by GARDINER-WEIGALL,Topographical Catalogue of
/;[]
the Private Tombs of Thebes, No. 226. A fragmentary inscription in this tomb reads nvLfg-;
t[F
the second title may be confidently restored l "king's follower"; the third should be either Iv
"overseer of the tutors of the king," which is found on a shawabti figure of Hekerneheh in the
Cairo Museum, No. 46536, from the Biban el-Mulik, see Journal d'entree, 3393, and MARIETTE,Monuments

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t-~:'3.?

Scene from the vestibule of Tomb No. 64 at Thebes.

his tutor Hekreshu
onn thehekneeneof ofhi
Tuthmosis-Khabuhaeu
Prince P?rinc
TuhmsisKh'kh'u
.
.
Scale

8.

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64 at Thebes.
his tutor Hekreshu.

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THE SONS OF TUTHMOSIS IV

83

was also a "royal scribe," and "steward"; his name has unfortunately been destroyed.
Davies, no doubt rightly, attributes the tomb to the earlier half of the reign of Amenophis III, for in it the king's mother is enthroned with her son. But it is remarkable
that no queen of Amenophis III is mentioned in the inscriptions, although there are at
least four children whom Davies considers to be children of Amenophis III. The names
of two of these children have been partly preserved, as will be seen from the reproduction
of my tracing of the original fragments of the inscriptions above the boys (see Fig. 1).
The first name perhaps read ( [i], the second C f[U]; no trace remains of the third.
Were there no other evidence, we might perhaps grant Davies's surmise that rAkheper(u)r6e was a son of Amenophis III.
II. Inscriptions in Tomb No. 64 at Thebes name two court officials-(1) Hekreshul,
who was "Tutor of the king's eldest son Tuthmosis-Kharkharw (i.e., Tuthmosis IV), and
(2) Hekerneheh, who was "Tutor of the king's son Amenophis," and "tutor of the king's
children2." The tomb is dated in the reign of Tuthmosis IV who, in two scenes, is
depicted giving audience to his nobles. On the right-hand inner wall of the vestibule
there is an important scene3 which shows Hekreshu seated on a chair with the king's
eldest son Tuthmosis-Kharkharw upon his knee. This boy has the uraeus upon his forehead, holds in his right hand the hek-sceptre, wears a pectoral inscribed with the prenomen of Tuthmosis IV, and under his feet is a stool upon which nine prostrate prisoners
are depicted. Above the seated figure of Hekreshu was an inscription4 giving his name
and titles (see P1. xii); he is here described as "tutor of the king's son the eldest of his
body5, Tuthmosis-Kharkharw." Above the young prince were three vertical lines of
"overseer of the tutors of the king's son," which is found on a
divers, P1. 36, g; or '\
(-gshawabti figure of Huy, Cairo, No. 46548, from Abydos, see Jourinald'entre'e,4438. It is possible that the
Theban Tomb No. 226 may be that of the tutor Hekerneheli who, in the reign of Amenophis III's predecessor Tuthmosis IV, preparedfor himself Tomb No. 64 which is mentioned below.
_ _
1 Hek.reshu
on a statuette of the king's son Tuthmosis which was found
appears as ,
_at
in
the
of
Mut
Benson
Miss
Karnak; I have published the inscriptions upon it in BENSONtemple
by
GOURLAY, The Temple of Mut, 328-329.

GAUTHIER, Le livre des rois, II, 303, makes this king's son

Tuthmosis a son of Tuthrnosis IV, but from the data given in the present paper he is certainly to be
identified with King Tuthmosis IV himself.
'
2 The title
"tutor of the king's children"appears on one of Hekreshu'sfunerary
vT-"
m ^ cones.
3 This is given by L., D., II, Bl. 69, but some important details have been omitted. A pencil
drawing
of Heklreshuwith the young prince upoIn his lap was made by James Burton in the late twenties of last
century, and is now preserved among the Burton MSS. in the British Museum (Add. MS. 25644, f. 13, 14).
The uraeus is clearly seen in this early drawing. Champollion has described the scene in his Notices

descriptives, I, 863.
4 The inscriptions have been restored from Burton's copy; the first E in the cartouche, omitted
by
Notices descriptives, I, 863. The scene was badly damaged before 1844
Burton, is given in CHAMPOLLION,

when Lepsius made his drawing. Describing the pectoral, Champollionsays that it bore the name of the
prince's father; he, therefore, thought that the young prince was a son of Tuthmosis IV and not Tuthmosis IV himself.
: if P: :
5 On a Canopic jar described by Daressy (Rec. de trav., xiv, 174) a
Li p.~
that
this
was
a
of
Tuthmosis IV and
mentioned.
son
is
Daressy supposed
prince
;;to L^
iUP~
of the Sphinx Stela was certainly Tuthidentified him with the F of the Sphinx Stela; but the ~
mosis IV himself, see ERMAN, Sitzb. I. A. Berlin, vi, 428-37.

GAUTHIER(Le livre des rois, II, 336) makes

the king's son Tuthmosis of the Canopic jar-box a son of Amenophis III, but there is no evidence at all
for this.

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84

PERCY E. NEWBERRY

inscription; here he is called "the king's eldest son Menkheperurec"; this name, which
appears also on the pectoral that the young king wears, is, of course, the prenomen of
Tuthmosis IV, and he is here further described as "Lord of the Two Lands."
Behind the young sovereign and facing Hekreshu is figured the "king's son Amenophis," with his tutor Hekerneheh. Above them are seven lines of inscription (see P1. xii).
In front of the prince are the words "king's son of his body," but
the name, which was obviously Amenophis, has been destroyed.
This young king's son is shown wearing the side-lock, and he had
(
t
suspended from his neck a pectoral inscribed with the prenomen
and nomen of Tuthmosis IV; a drawing of this pectoral is givenl
iu
by Champollion and is reproduced in Fig. 2. The prince holds in
one hand a bouquet of flowers and in the other a sprig of green
r i .
leaves. This little prince, there can be no doubt, was Amen- I
son
of
Tuthmosis
IV
the
who
Fg. 2.
Queen
Mutemwial,
ophis,
by
succeeded his father on the throne of Egypt and was later known as Nebmarer
Amenophis III.
Behind Hekerneheh were depicted probably six2 young princes arranged in three
rows of two each, but the whole of the second row is broken away and the names of all
the princes except one have disappeared. The first in the upper row wears a pectoral
upon which is the prenomen of Tuthmosis IV and before him is the legend "the king's
son of his body, Amenemhet." This young prince is known to us from another source,
for his Canopic jars (and perhaps his body) were found in the tomb of Tuthmosis IV in
19033; from this fact we may surmise that he predeceased his father.
III. The names of the royal tutors Hekreshu4 and Hekerneheh5 appear on other
monuments besides Tomb No. 64 at Thebes. On the rocks of the Island of Konosso in
1 That Nebmare( Amenophis III was a son of Tuthmosis IV
by Mutemwia is certain from an inscription in the temple at Luxor (GAYET,Le temple de Louxor, P1. lxxi, fig. 205).
2
GAUTHIER,Le livre des rois, II, 290, note 1, says "on voit six princes, disposes deux i deux sur trois
registres superposes, qui sont probablement des fr6res de Tuthmosis IV; leurs norns sont detruits, et
souvent aussi leurs images."
3 CARTER-NEWBERRY,
The Tomb of ThoutmnosisIV (ed. Theodore Davis), 6-7, Nos. 46037-46039. The
body of the boy was found in one of the chambers of this tomb (op. eit., P1. x, fig. 3).
4 Besides the itscriptions naming
H.ekreshu mentioned in the text of this paper I should note the
following: (1) A statuette of the king's son Tuthmosis found by Miss Benson in the temple of Mut at
Karnak; the inscriptions upon it have been published by me in BENSON-GOURLAY, The Temple of Mut,
328-329. I originally thought that this "king's son Tuthmosis" must be a son of Tuthmosis IV
op. cit., 328, n. t), but it is now certain that he ought to be identified with the young
(BENSON-GOURLAY,
Tuthmosis (i.e., Tuthmosis IV) who is depicted seated on his tutor's knee in Tomb No. 64 at Thebes.
I know of no evidence for a son of Tuthmosis IV bearing the name Tuthmosis. The cartotuche above the
graffito on a rock in the island of Sehel (L., D., Text iv, 125; J. DE MORGAN, Catalogue 1, 90, No. 84) which
names a 3e~
~ was examined by Mr. Winlock and myself in 1926, and again by me in 1927, and it does

not read

(CJ4o'

as given by de Morgan. (2) Three shawabti figures found by Petrie at Abydos

(Royal Tombs I, 33; MACIVER-MACE, El A,nrah and Abydos, P1. xxxix, 3 and 4); these are now in the
Cairo Museum (Nos. 48329-30). (3) Four graffiti at Konosso; PETRIE, Season, Nos. 21, 23, 39, 44.
5 Other monuments than those mentioned in the text which name Hekerneheh are
(1) A statuette
representing the tutor kneeling and holding before him a stela, found when clearing out the tomb in 1899.
(2) Many funerary cones from his tomb. (3) Two shawabti figures found in the Biban el-Muldk and now in
Cairo (46536); cf. IARIETTE, Monuments divers, P1. 36, f and g. The inscription upon one of these gives
5 Ment.
the name of Iekernelehl's mother

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THE SONS OF TUTHMOSIS IV

85

the region of the First Cataract, there is a group of graffiti which date from the reign of
Tuthmosis IV. One of these (see Fig. 3) names the "favoured of Amenrer, the divine
father, H.ekreshu," together with two young princes, "the king's son Amenophis," and
the "king's son rAkheperurerl." There can be no doubt that the Hekreshu here mentioned
is the same person who is figured in Tomb
A Z
t??
No. 64 at Thebes, for he bears in both places
A 7
4S
At
1U
1
<al
eQ0 ll<s
the title Divine Father, and he appears in
both places with the prince Amenophis.
o0=
Another graffito2 at Konosso (see Fig. 4)
rl
Fig. 3. 1
names the king's first herald Rer, the king's
sons Amenophis and 'Akheperurer, and the
a title which is also found in Tomb
bears
Here
tutor
the
Hekerneheh.
again
Sj 5
No. 64 at Thebes and he must be the same person who was buried in the cemetery of
the capital. The tomb of the king's first herald Rer is at Thebes
o
(No. 201), and it certainly dates from the reign of Tuthmosis IV.
(
A superb model sarcophagus inscribed with the titles and name of
V
Rer is in the Cairo Museum and perhaps came from Tomb No. 201
41
at Thebes.
On the evidence of these Cataract graffiti combined with that of
2
O?
4e
t ^
the inscriptions in Tomb No. 64 at Thebes there can be little if any
doubt that 'Akheperurer was a son of Tuthmosis IV, and not, as
t
[
Davies supposed, of Amenophis III. rAkheperurerwas probably the
Fig. 4.
third son of Tuthmosis IV, and thus a younger brother of Amenophis III, not an elder brother of Akhenaten. The names of the sons of Tuthmosis IV
were therefore (1) Amenophis3, who succeeded his father and became Amenophis III,
(2) Amenemhet, who died young and was buried in his father's tomb in the Biban elMulufk, (3) 9Akheperurerand (4) Akheper(ka?)rer.
P.S. In Brunton-Engelbach's recently published memoir on Gurob, there is given on
P1. li a list of princes of the Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties together with some of their
titles. This list is apparently based on Gauthier's Le livre des rois and unfortunately several
errors have been perpetuated. The first herald RSe was not a son of Amenophis II: that
he is described as a "king's son" is due to a misreading of the Cataract graffito that names
him (see Fig. 4). Again, Shemsukheper is given in the list of Amenophis III's sons, but no
such name exists: the reading is due to the faulty copy of a Konosso graffito in PETRIE,
Season, P1. i, No. 23 (for the correct reading see Fig. 3). I note also that Tutrankhamiun is
given as a son of Amenophis III without any query mark. It would be interesting to
know the evidence for such a definite statement.
I This graffitois incorrectlypublishedby PETRIE,Season,P1.i, No. 23, whoreads 14 in place of

q__

rAkheperurer.It is correctlygiven by L., D., Textbandiv, 128, and by J. DE MORGAN,CatalogueI, 69, No. 5;
but the latter gives it again on p. 103 in a blundered form from MARIETTE,
Monumentsdivers.
2 First
copied by Hay in the early thirties of last century (British Museum, Add. MS. 29857, f. 13 v.).
Published by PETRIE, Season, P1. i, No. 32; L., D., Textband iv, 127. J. DE MORGAN,
Catalogue I, 70,

No. 19, omitsthe namesof the two king'ssons but gives their figures.
3 Wolfin the Zeitschr.
menf. ig. Spr.,LIX,157 has notedthat the "King'sSon of Kush,Amenophis,"

tioned in a graffito at Sehel, appears also in a stela of Tuthmosis IV at Widt Ialfa. He is perhaps to be
identified with the Prince Amenophis son of Tuthmosis IV.

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