ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
The last few years have witnessed a dramatic boom in the wireless communications
industry, hence increasing the number of users of mobile communication devices. This
the magnified the need for a more efficient and reliable signal scrambler. This paper
deals with the Mobile Jamming Technology. A mobile Jammer is an instrument which
used to prevent mobile phones from receiving signals from the base stations. Which can
be used in practically at any location, but are mostly found in places where a phone call
because silence is expected. The concept of jamming technology is studied in a step-bystep approach. Those steps include Introduction to mobile jammer, Components of
mobile jammer, Mobile jamming techniques, Design parameters for mobile jammer,
Block diagram of mobile jammer and Legal issues related with mobile jammer along
with the Alternatives of mobile jammer.

INTRODUCTION

Mobile jammer is a device that transmit signal on the same

frequency at which the GSM system operates, the jamming success
when the mobile phones in the area where the jammer is located are
disabled.
Communication jamming devices were first developed and used by
military. Where tactical commanders use RF communications to
exercise control of their forces, an enemy has interest in those
communications. This interest comes from the fundamental area of
denying the successful transport of the information from the sender
to the receiver.

Nowadays the mobile jammer devices or cell phone jammer

software are becoming civilian products rather than electronic
warfare devices, since with the increasing number of the mobile
phone users the need to disable mobile phones in specific places
where the ringing of cell phone would be disruptive has increased.
These places include worship places, university lecture rooms,
libraries, concert halls, meeting rooms, and other places where
silence is appreciated

Construction of Mobile Jammer

Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the
same frequency as the cell phone and at a high enough power that the two
signals collide and cancel each other out. Cell phones are designed to add
power if they experience low-level interference, so the jammer must recognize

and match the power increase from the phone. Cell phones are full-duplex
devices, which mean they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and
one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the
frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The
phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only
one of the frequencies. Less complex devices block only one group of
frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks
at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch
among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end
devices block all frequencies at once and others can be tuned to specific
frequencies.
To jam a cell phone, all you need is a device that broadcasts on the correct
frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all
cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in
digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz (sometimes referred to
as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States. Jammers can broadcast on any
frequency and are effective against AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PCS, DCS,
iDEN and Nextel systems. Old-fashioned analog cell phones and today's
digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming. Disrupting a cell phone is
the same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone
works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base
station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas, or cells. As a cell phone user
drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower

A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone,
disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base
station in the town

It's a called a denial-of-service attack . The jammer denies service of the radio
spectrum to the cell-phone users within range of the jamming device. Older
jammers sometimes were
limited to working on phones using only analog or older digital mobile phone
standards. Newer models such as the double and triple band jammers can
block all widely used systems (AMPS, iDEN, GSM, etc) and are even very
effective against newer phones which hop to different frequencies and systems
when interfered with. As the dominant network technology and frequencies
used for mobile phones vary worldwide, some work only in specific regions
such as Europe or North America.
The power of the jammer's effect can vary widely based on factors such as
proximity to towers, indoor and outdoor settings, presence of buildings and
landscape, even temperature and humidity play a role. There are concerns
that crudely designed jammers may disrupt the functioning of medical devices
such as pacemakers. However, like cell phones, most of the devices in common
use operate at low enough power output (<1W) to avoid causing any problems

Why mobile jammer is needed?

It's great to be able to call anyone at anytime. Unfortunately, restaurants,
movie theaters, concerts, shopping malls and churches all suer from the
spread of cell phones because not all cell-phone users know when to stop
talking. Who hasn't
seethed through one side of a conversation about an incredibly personal
situation as the talker shares intimate details with his friend as well as
everyone else in there?? While most of us just grumble and move on, some
people are actually going

to extremes to retaliate. Cell phones are basically handheld two-way radios.

And like any radio, the signal can be disrupted, or jammed. A mobile
Jammer is an instrument which is used to prevent mobile phones from
receiving signals from the base stations. Which can be used in practically at
location, but are mostly found in places where a phone call would be
particularly
disruptive because silence is expected.

Cell Phone Jamming Basics

Disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any other type of radio
communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service
network through a cell tower or base station. Cell towers divide a city into
small areas, or cells. As a cell-phone user drives down the street, the signal
is handed from tower to tower. A jamming device transmits on the same
radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between
the phone and the cell-phone base station in the tower. It's a called a denial-

of-service attack. The jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the
cell-phone users within range of the jamming device.
Components of Mobile Jammer
Components of a mobile jammer include:
_ Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO)
_ Tuning Circuit
_ Noise Source
_ RF Amplification Unit
_ Transmitting Antenna

Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO)

VCO is the most important among other parts. It is like a heart of our
jammer. VCO's can be built using op-amps, resistors and capacitors, but the
low cost, availability and reliability of prefabricated VCO's make it optimum
to just purchase it. VCO produces RF signal which will interact with the
blocked device. Firstly we must select frequencies which will be used in our
signal blocking device. It is also important to think about its size because we
might wish to create a desktop mobile phone jammer or a portable handheld
jamming device.

Tuning Circuit

Tuning Circuit can be of two types:

_ open-loop
_ feedback
Open-loop is quite simple and requires just a few op-amps with additional
passive components. It is a saw tooth-wave generator which makes VCO to
go from lowest to highest frequency. The feedback is using PLL to adjust the
VCOs frequency constantly. For this purpose we need to use
microcontroller. It is programmed once and then connected to the VCO, thus
it is not adjustable. Noise generator Produces random electronic output in a
specified frequency range to jam the cell-phone network signal (part of the
tuning circuit). RF Amplification Unit is what we need when we wish to
increase the area covered by our jammer along with its signal blocking
power. The more power has our signal blocker, the bigger radius it jams.
The cost is, as we may guess, battery working time. More power equals less
time for battery to live.

COMPONENTS OF MOBILE JAMMER

Transmitting Antenna
Transmitting Antenna is a tool which transmits signals produced by your
jammer. The main characteristic of antenna is VSWR (Voltage Standing
Wave Ratio). If your antenna has VSWR of 3 or lower, then this is what you
need, because the return loss of this antenna is minimal. VSWR: For
example, the VSWR value 2:1 denotes a maximum standing wave amplitude
that is 2 times greater than the minimum standing wave value. Generally we
use SMA antennas due to their ability of being removed or replace deasily. It
is worth to mention that omni directional antennas are preferable, unless.

we like to use our cell phone jammer in a Tvremote style!!SMA (Sub

Miniature version A) connectors are coaxial RF connectors developed in the
1960s as a minimal connector interface for coaxial cable with a screw type
coupling mechanism.
Power Source
Power Source makes our creation to become alive. Generally mobile phone
jammers use 5VDC to operate. Thus you may use Lithium-ion battery to
supply our creation. In the case of using common power source we will need
power adapter. The power adapter may be of one of two types: switchedcapacitor voltage or inductor-based boost regulator. The one is simple and
efficient yet not regulated solution, so we will need LDO regulator to _x the
voltage. The second one is regulated but it has bigger cost, more complex
and requires precise specification of all components to work properly.

Mobile Jamming Techniques

There are various types of jamming devices available which are using
different jamming techniques.
_ Type "A" Device
_ Type "B" Device
_ Type "C" Device
_ Type "D" Device
_ Type "E" Device

Type "A" Device: JAMMERS.

This type of device comes equipped with several independent oscillators
transmitting jamming signals capable of blocking frequencies used by paging
devices as well as those used by cellular systems control channels for call
establishment. In this device we overpower cell phone's signal with a stronger
signal, This type of device comes equipped with several independent oscillators
transmitting jamming signals' capable of blocking frequencies used by paging
devices as well as those used by cellular/PCS systems' control channels for call
establishment. When active in a designated area, such devices will (by means of
RF interference) prevent all pagers and mobile phones located in that area from
receiving and transmitting calls. This type of device transmits only a jamming
signal and has very poor frequency selectivity, which leads to interference with a
larger amount of communication spectrum than it was originally intended to target.
Technologist Jim Mahan said, There are two types. One is called brute force
jamming, which just blocks everything. The problem is, it's like power-washing the
airwaves and it bleeds over into the public broadcast area. The other puts out a
small amount of interference, and you could potentially confine it within a single
cell block. You could use lots of little pockets of small jamming to keep a facility
under control.

Type "B" Device

Type "B" Devices are also known as INTELLIGENT CELLULAR DISABLERS.
Unlike jammers, Type B devices do not transmit an interfering signal on the
control channels. The device, when located in a designated quite area, functions as

a detector. It has a unique identification number for communicating with the

cellular base station. Unlike jammers, Type B devices do not transmit an
interfering signal on the control channels. The device, when located in a designated
quiet' area, functions as a detector'. It has a unique identification number for
communicating with the cellular base station. When a Type B device detects the
presence of a mobile phone in the quiet room; the filtering' (i.e. the prevention of
authorization of call establishment) is done by the software at the base station.
When the base station sends the signaling transmission to a target user, the device
after detecting simultaneously the presence of that signal and the presence of the
target user, signals the base station that the target user is in a quiet' room;
therefore, do not establish the communication. Messages can be routed to the user's
voice- mail box, if the user subscribes to a voice-mail service. This process of
detection and interruption of call establishment is done during the interval
normally reserved for signaling and handshaking. For emergency users', the
intelligent detector device makes provisions for designated users who have
emergency status. These users must pre-register their phone numbers with the
service providers. When an incoming call arrives, the detector recognizes that
number and the call are established for a specified maximum duration, say two
minutes. The emergency users are also allowed to make out going calls. Similarly,
the system is capable of recognizing and allowing all emergency calls routed to
911.

Type "C" Device

Type "C" Devices are also known as Intelligent Beacon Disablers. Unlike
jammers,

Type C devices do not transmit an interfering signal on the control channels.

The
device, when located in a designated quiet area, functions as a beacon and
any compartible terminal is instructed to disable its ringer or disable its operation,
while within
the coverage area of beacon.

Type "D" Device

Type "D" Devices are Direct Receive Transmit Jammers. This jammer
behaves like a small, independent and portable base station, which can
directly interact intelligently or unintelligently with the operation of the
local mobile phone. The jammer is predominantly in receive mode and will
intelligently choose to interact and block the cell Phone directly if it is
within close proximity of the jammer.

Type "E" Device

Type "E" Devices are used for EMI Shield - Passive Jamming. This
technique is using EMI suppression techniques to make a room into what is
called Faraday cage. Although labor intensive to construct, the Faraday
cage essentially Blocks or greatly attenuates, virtually all electromagnetic
radiation from entering or leaving the cage -or in this case a target room.

SPECIFICATION OF MOBILE
JAMMER

1. SPECIFICATION OF MOBILE JAMMER

There are various types of jamming devices available which are using
different jamming techniques.

The frequency bands

Distance to be jammed (D)
Jamming-to-signal ratio J/S
Power calculations

Free space loss

The Jamming Coverage Area for a particular model jammer should be considered a
General or typical area of coverage. The situation may vary and is specifcto the site.
Every JAMMING DEVICE outputs a JAMMING SIGNAL on one or more
frequencies at a particular OUTPUT POWER. The OUTPUT POWER of the
JAMMER will typically be stated in WATTS or in some Cases DBM, (decibels
permeter), or both. The OUTPUT POWER correlates generally to the COVERAGE
AREA that the JAMMER will provide an Effective blocking or JAMMING signal.

However, because many factors affect both cellular phone Reception and jamming
efficiency the advertised or sated AREA of COVERAGE may be more or less thanWhat
a manufacture states.
In most cases a JAMMER will be easier to implement and more effective indoors. In
urban settings and In high-rise buildings, a jammer will typically be more effective on
lower floors. This is because the Building and surrounding structures diminish the
cellular signal. In some cases a JAMMER will be more Effective when placed on the
side of a room or building which is closest to a cellular tower. And in other Cases a
JAMMER may be more effective when placed by a window or door. The design of a
jammer design begins with a desired area of coverage as it correlates to a particular
Frequency. Jammers like all radio devices operate according to certain laws of physics
and energy. The Jamming objective is to inject an interference signal into the
communications frequency so that the Actual signal is completely submerged by the
interference. It is important to notice that transmission can never be totally jammed jamming hinders the reception at the other end. The problem here for the jammer is
that only transmitters can be found using direction finding and the Location of the
target must be a specific location, usually where the jammer is located and this is
Because the jamming power is never infinite.
Jamming is successful when the jamming signal denies the usability of the
communications transmission. In digital communications, the usability is denied when
the error rate of the transmission cannot be compensated by error correction. Usually
a successful jamming attack requires that the jammer power is roughly equal to signal
power at the receiver. The effects of jamming depend on the, Jamming-to-signal ratio
(J/S), Modulation scheme, Channel coding and interleaving of the target system.
Generally Jamming-to-Signal ratio can be measured according to the following
Equation.
Where:
Pj = jammer power
Pt = transmitter power

Gjr = antenna gain from jammer to receiver

Grj = antenna gain from receiver to Jammer
Gtr = antenna gain from transmitter to receiver
Grt = antenna gain from receiver to transmitter
Br = communications receiver bandwidth
Bj = jamming transmitter bandwidth
Rtr = range between communications transmitter and receiver
Rjt = range between jammer and communications receiver
Lj = jammer signal loss (including polarization mismatch)
Lr = communication signal loss

The above Equation indicates that the jammer Effective Radiated Power, which is the
product of Antenna gain and output power, should be high if jamming efficiency is
required. On the other hand, in Order to prevent jamming, the antenna gain toward
the communication partner should be as high as Possible while the gain towards the
jammer should be as small as possible. As the equation shows, the Antenna pattern, the
relation between the azimuth and the gain, is a very important aspect in jamming. Also
as we know from Microwave and shown in the equation distance has a strong inuence
on the Signal loss. If the distance between jammer and receiver is doubled, the jammer
has to quadruple its Output in order for the jamming to have the same effect. It must

also be noted here that jammer path Loss is often different from the communications
path loss; hence giving the jammer an advantage
Over Communication transmitters.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MOBILE JAMMER

5.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MOBILE JAMMER

There are main 4 sections in the block diagram of mobile jammer.

1.1Power Supply:
The mobile jammer was designed for _xed use, and to take its power from the
regular 220V AC wall outlets. The IF RF sections of the jammer require +5, +9, and -9
DC Voltages. So a dc-dual polarity power supply should be designed. The basic parts
for a power supply are rectifier, filter, and regulator. The rectifier coverts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage and can be either half wave rectifier and full wave
rectifier, the one we use is the full wave rectifier which has the advantage that it allows
unidirectional current to the load during the entire cycle of the input voltage and the
result of the full wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency twice the
input frequency that pulsated every half-cycle of the input. The second part of the
power supply is the filter which eliminate the fluctuations in the output of the full wave
rectifier so as to produce a constant dc voltage, the filter is simply a capacitor
and its chosen to be as large as possible to minimize voltage ripple in the output. The
final part of the power supply is the regulator and it is used to provide the desired
constant dc output that is basically independent of the input voltage. Single chip
regulators were used to give +5, +9, and -9 dc voltages

Blockdiagram

5.1 Power Supply

1.2 IF Section:
The function of the IF-section of the Mobile jammer is to generate
the tuning signal for the VCO in The RF-Section, which will sweep the VCO through
the desired range of frequencies. This tuning signal is generated by a triangular wave
generator along with noise generator, and then offset by proper amount so as to sweep

the VCO output from the minimum desired frequency to a maximum. The triangle
wave and noise signals are mixed using Op-Amp configured as summer. Then a DC
voltage is added to the resulted signal to obtain the required tuning voltage.

5.3 RF Section:
The RF-section is the most important part of the mobile jammer it
consist of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), RF Power ampli_ers, and the
antenna. These components were selected according to the desired speci_cation of the
jammer such as the frequency range and the coverage range.

Power Supply
The mobile jammer was designed forexed. use, and to take its power from
the regular 220V AC wall outlets. The IF RF sections of the jammer require
+5, +9, and -9 DC Voltages. So a dc-dual polarity power supply should be
designed. The basic parts for
a power supply are rectifier and regulator. The rectifier coverts the ac input
voltage to a pulsating dc voltage and can be either half wave rectifier and
full wave rectifier, the one we use is the full wave rectifier which has the
advantage that it allows unidirectional current to the load during the entire
cycle of the input voltage and the

result of the full wave rectification is an output voltage with a frequency

twice the input frequency that pulsated every half-cycle of the input. The
second part of the power supply is thelter which eliminate the fuctuations in
the output of the full wave rectifier so as to produce a constant dc voltage,
the _lter is simply a capacitor and its chosen to be as large as possible to
minimize voltage ripple in the output. The original part of the power supply

is the regulator and it is used to provide the desired constant dc output that
is basically independent of the input voltage. Single chip regulators were
used to give +5, +9, and -9 dc voltages

The function of the IF-section of the Mobile jammer is to generate the tuning
signal for the VCO in The RF-Section, which will sweep the VCO through
the desired range of frequencies. This tuning signal is generated by a
triangular wave generator along with noise generator, and then o_ set by
proper amount so as to sweep the VCO output from the minimum desired
frequency to a maximum. The triangle wave and noise signals are mixed
using Op-Amp configured as summer. Then a DC voltage is
added to the resulted signal to obtain the required tuning voltage.

RF Section

The RF-section is the most important part of the mobile jammer it consist of
the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), RF Power amplifiers, and the
antenna. These components were selected according to the desired
specification of the jammer such as the frequency range and the coverage
range.

Applications

There are various types of jamming devices available which are using
different jamming techniques.
_ To maintain the complete silence in library and lecture hall.
_ To avoid fraud in examination hall.
_ To avoid disturbance in class room.
_ For providing security in business conference, board of directors rooms,
seminars, etc.
_ For providing calm and peaceful atmosphere in Hospitals.
_ Church/Mosques/Cathedral/Temple/Religious establishment

Cell phone jamming devices were originally developed for law enforcement
and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists.
The bombs that blew up commuter trains in Spain in March 2004, as well as
blasts in Bali in October2002 and Jakarta in August 2003, all relied on cell
phones to trigger explosives. It has been widely reported that a cell-phone
jammer thwarted an assassination attempt on Pakistani President
Musharraf in December 2003. When President Bush visited Lon-don in
November 2004, it was reported that British police considered using
jammers

Conclusion

At last we can say every device is acts as good aspects as well

bad aspects.

In many place cell phone jammer is useful but at many place it is a problem .for
this we can take a example that if at any place cell phone jammer is on than
anybody wants to use than there creates some problems. But its overall
performance is very good
and helpful in our life.

References

_ www.HowStu_Work.com
_ wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile phone jammer
_ Mobile Personal Communications Committee of the Radio
Advisory Board of Canada, Use of jammer and disabler Devices
for blocking PCS, Cellular Related Services
_ http://whatisacellphonejammer.com
_ http://blog.jammer-store.com//how-mobile-jammers-work