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Bioteknologi Kelautan 2

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Trends in Marine Biotechnology


Uniqueness of the Marine Environment
Oceans cover 2/3rds of the planet
Salinity 3-3.5%
High pressures at ocean depths
Cold-water conditions
Most of the ocean is <5 oC
and is 1.5 oC in Arctic waters
Ocean still a major frontier for science

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ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Unique Biological Organisms


Unique structures
Metabolic pathways
Reproductive systems
Sensory systems
Defense mechanisms
Acanthodoris brunnea
sea slug (Nudibranch)

Blue-ringed octopus - venomous

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ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

General Trends in Marine Biotechnology


Molecular genetics aquaculture
Bioprocessing and Bioreaction/tissue culture
Natural products and biomaterials
Identification of seafood pathogens
By-product utilization

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Biotechnology in Fisheries and Aquaculture


Increased growth rate in farmed species
Improved nutrition of feeds for aquaculture
Improve fish health
Improved feed conversion
Vaccines
Extend the range of aquatic species
Disease resistance
Useful Genes for Aquaculture
Growth hormones : increased growth and feed efficiency
Anti-freeze protein : increased cold-tolerance and growth
Lysosyme
: increased disease resistance
Prolactin hormones : influence hatching, osmoregulation and
general metabolism
Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Bioprocessing & Bioreaction/tissue culture


Cultivation of marine sponges (10,000 species)
Inhibit tumor growth
Anti-inflammatory
Marine algae (macro and micro-algae)
Agars, alginates and carrageenen
Production of omega-3
Cell culture
Faster growing than whole plants or animals

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Diverse Marine Resources


Novel compounds bioactive ingredients
Anti-bacterial, antiviral and anti-fungal agents
Anti-tumor activity
Cardiac health promoting agents
Immune stimulants
Anti-inflammatory activity

Tunicata: Lissoclinum patella

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Marine enzymes often have unique properties


Thermostability
Psychrophylic
Pressure resistant
NaCl activated
High specificity
Can be used in unique bioprocessing operations

Unique Enzyme Homologues

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ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Biotechnology in Seafood Safety


Several assays for toxins depend on the Mouse Lethal Dose method
Ciguatoxin (reef fish)
Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)
Domoic acid
Develop rapid monoclonal tests
Dip-stick method for ciguatoxin
Histamine in tuna
Listeria
Develop rapid ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay)
Vibrios

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Protein Hydrolysates
small-scale of large-scale operations
Animal Feeds
Started diets for pigs and calves
Pet Food

Aquaculture diets
Shrimp and salmon diets
Fertilizers
High end products
Nutraceuticals
Growth factors, AO
Human foods
Regulatory issues
Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Omega-3 Fatty Acids


eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Heart disease
lowers cholesterol and LDLs, decrease blood pressure and
reduces clot formation
Cancer
inhibits cancer and tumor growth
Immune Response
improved resistance to disease

Nervous System
brain development in young

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Example of Marine Bio-Technology


and Waste Recovery
Water from thawing frozen whole cold-water shrimp before
peeling contains some enzymes (esp. alkaline
phosphatase) from shrimps stomach that is used in rDNA
kits.

Norwegian company extracts the enzyme for increased


profits.

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Chitosan Raw Material Source


Primary source of raw materials is the by-product stream
from shellfish processing operations employing wildharvested or farmed shrimp, crab, squid, lobster and
crayfish

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

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ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Chitosan Applications
High Value
Low Volume

Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals


Chemical and Industrial
Cosmetics
Food Industry
Nutraceutical
Water Purification
Agricultural
Fiber & Textiles
Paper Technology
Low Value
High Volume

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Direct Cost of Production = $8.58/kg

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http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Chitosan Applications:
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Wound dressings; haemostatic and promotes scar-free healing;
macrophage activation
Artificial skin (chitin)
Ligand for gene replacement therapy
Drug delivery vehicle for morphine and vaccines; permits
administration across nasal mucosa
Hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolimic agent
Chitin beads in separation columns
Artificial kidney membrane
Surgical sutures
Osteoinduction (bone fracture repair)

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Chitosan Applications

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Future for Use of Novel Compounds


From Marine Products
Many are tried but few are chosen
It comes down to economics
Waste utilization can cause other waste streams
Gene transfers swing both ways
Does the promise meet the reality?

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

Summary

http://www.uajy.ac.id

T U G A S1

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Minat

Industri

Lingkungan

Pangan

Tema
1. mikroorganisme: virus, bakteri,
jamur, dll
2. mikroalga: diatom, dinoflagela,
foraminifera, protozoa, dll
3. makroalga: rumput laut (hijau,
merah, coklat), dll
4.
invertebrata:
ubur-ubur,
bintang laut, spons, terumbu, dll
5. invertebrata: udang, kepiting,
cumi, oktopus, dll
6. vertebrata: ikan (hiu, salmon,
tuna), mamalia (paus), dll

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

T U G A S2

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

Bahan alami laut (Marine Natural Products)


Apa itu Bahan Alami Laut?
Apa saja macam/jenisnya?
Apa manfaat/kegunaannya (mengapa penting)?
Dari mana (sumbernya)?
Bagaimana proses biosintesisnya?
Bagaimana cara mendapatkannya?
Bagaimana cara ekstraksinya?
dst
Catatan: Tugas 1 & 2 dikumpul minggu depan!
Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA UNIVERSITY

SEKIAN
&
TERIMA KASIH

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281

Telp. +62-274-487711 (Hunting) Fax. +62-274-487748

http://www.uajy.ac.id

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