Vol. 3 No.

28;
April 10, 2015
13 Broad St.,
Hudson Falls,
NY 12839

www.addigest.com e-mail: info@washingtoncounty.org Ph: 518-858-2786

NAPAUL PUBLISHERS, INC. - 2015 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CIVIL WAR EDITION

RECENT AUDIT OF GLENS FALLS HOUSING AUTHORITY

BY NYS COMPTROLLERS OFFICE:
A top priority of the Office of the State Comptroller is to help
authority officials manage their authorities
efficiently and effectively.The Comptroller oversees the fiscal
affairs of authorities statewide, as well as
authorities compliance with relevant statutes and observance of
good business practices.
The Glens Falls Housing Authority (Authority) is located in the
City of Glens Falls (City) in Warren County. The Authority was
established pursuant to Section 486 of New York State Public
Housing Law (Law) to provide low rent housing for qualified
individuals in accordance with relevant provisions of Law and the
rules and regulations prescribed by the Federal Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
The Authoritys 2014 fiscal year operating expenditures totaled
approximately $5.7 million. These costs were funded mainly by
rental income from tenants and subsidies from HUD. The Authority
has three senior citizen high-rise apartment buildings (high-rise)
that contain 256 public housing units and one low-income families
apartment complex (apartment complex) with 50 public housing
units. In addition, the Authority administers approximately 660
Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers. A Board of Commissioners
(Board) is comprised of seven Commissioners. The Citys Mayor
appoints five Commissioners and the tenants elect the other two
Commissioners. The Board is responsible for the general
management and control of the Authoritys financial affairs.
The objective of the audit was to assess the Authoritys internal
controls over tenant rents. The audit addressed the following related
question:
Did the Board develop and implement adequate internal controls
over the rent payments received from tenants?
We examined the Authoritys financial transactions related to tenant
rents for the period April 1, 2013 through August 31, 2014.
This is a federal program to assist very low income families, the
elderly and persons with disabilities with housing in the private
market place.
Tenant Rents
The Board is responsible for establishing internal controls to properly
safeguard the Authoritys assets. It is important for the Board to
establish policies and procedures to provide assurance that tenant
rents are adequately supported, safeguarded, accounted for and
deposited. Internal controls also include segregating duties so that
one employee does not control all phases of a transaction. When it
is not practical to segregate duties, Authority officials should
implement effective compensating controls such as having
management review the work performed by staff.
To maximize internal controls over a computerized accounting
system, an employee should be granted the minimum rights needed
to properly complete the job assignment. Additionally, an audit trail
report should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure that
employees are processing transactions that are part of their
assigned job duties. Further, such a review should be performed
by someone who is not involved with the day-to-day rental
collection accounting program (computer program) operations.

Well-designed internal controls over tenant rents also provide for

timely supervision of those charged with handling money and a
reliable accountability of cash collected. In addition, rents collected
should be deposited as soon as possible to minimize the risk of theft
or loss. Issuing receipts for the rents collected is another important
control over the rent collection process because it provides
documentation for the rents paid to both the tenant and Authority
officials.
The Board did not adopt adequate procedures for processing tenant
rents collected to ensure payments were safeguarded and deposited
in a timely manner. Authority officials need to improve internal
controls to better safeguard these receipts. We found that the duties
within the Authoritys office were not adequately segregated and
the compensating controls put in place were insufficient. Additionally,
receipts were not issued to apartment complex tenants for rent
collected and rent money was not adequately secured in the
Authoritys office. Further, the assistant had full access rights within
the Authoritys computer program and was responsible for reviewing
audit trail reports. Finally, rent payments paid in cash totaling more
than $4,400 were deposited five or more business days after they
were collected.
As a result of these weaknesses, errors may occur, go undetected
and
remain uncorrected.
Although our testing found relatively small exceptions, without
implementing control procedures to adequately safeguard tenant
rents there is an increased risk that errors or irregularities could
occur and go undetected. Recommendations:
The Board should adopt written procedures for tenant rents that:
1. Properly segregate the job duties for tenant rent collection
among the office employees or provide additional managerial
oversight over the process.
2. Ensure the timely deposit of tenant rents.
3. Ensure receipts are issued for all tenant rents collected.
Authority officials should ensure that:
4. The clerks file cabinet is securely locked and no other
Authority employees have access.
5. User access rights in the computer program are assigned to
employees based on their job assignments.
7 The rents collected were composed of $13,316 in checks and
$1,113 in cash.
Refer to Appendix B for further information on our sample selection.
8 Fees include collections for tenants locking themselves out of
their apartment,
storage and key replacements.
6. Employees individual passwords are kept confidential.
7. Someone other than the assistant periodically reviews the audit
trail report.
(Editors note: Although this report relates to Warren County, the
legal authority of the Comptollers Office over all municipalities is
demonstrated by this report. You may find a complete version of
this report along with other reports relating to your municipality by
going to www.publicinfo@nim2.osc.state.ny.us. )

BARBARA HAMEL WILL

PRESENT AT WOMENS
HEALTH DAY.

UPCOMING EVENTS
IN WASHINGTON
COUNTY

Barbara Hamel will present a workshop at the Salem Area Womans

Clubs 21st Annual Womens Health Day By Women For Women
in conjunction with Glens Falls Hospital on Saturday, April 25th
at Salem Washington Academy. In addition to keynote speaker Elizabeth Cockey there will be six workshop choices during this day
long event.Barbara Hamel will present the workshop titled Finding Balance In Your Life. She says that we often fall down
when trying to incorporate exercises into our busy lifestyles. Barbara is a local Physical Therapist and will show participants simple
exercises that can be added into everyday activities. These exercises will assist in improving flexibility, strength and balance reactions. Barbara Hamel, PT, is the owner of Helping Hands Physical
Therapy in Greenwich, NY. Barbara and her staff treat a wide
range of ages and disabilities. Health Day attendees will enjoy a
continental breakfast with registration between 8 and 9 AM. A
baked goods table will be available all day. After lunch chances for
door prizes, generously contributed by many local businesses, will
be drawn. Pre-registration for Womens Health Day is required
and must be received by mid-April. Space is limited for the individual workshops. Event information packets including registration
forms have been mailed to past participants of Womens Health
Day. For more information about the events of the day, or for a
registration form, please contact Chairman Lois Sheaff at 677-5562.

ALL YOU CAN EAT BREAKFAST: The Buskirk Volunteer

Fire Department Inc will be holding their Monthly All You Can Eat
Breakfast at the fire house on Sunday April 12th from 730 am
11am. Pack up the family and have the best breakfast in town with
your family and friends and support the dedicated volunteers of
your community. This monthly breakfast will be held the 2nd Sunday of each month thru May
CHICKEN BBQ: The Mens Auxiliary of VFW Post 7291 is
having a Chicken BBQ on Saturday April 18 from 2 to 4 pm at
the Post on Abeel Avenue in Greenwich. Dinner includes chicken,
baked potato, baked beans, roll and dessert. Tickets are $12 and
can be purchased from any Auxiliary member or at the Post. Orders available for take out only.
GUN HUNTER SAFETY COURSE Salem A one-day Gun
Hunter Safety Course will be held at the Salem Fish and Game
Club (316 Sportsman Way, Salem) on Saturday, April 11th starting
8:30am. Registration is required via the DEC website (http://
dec.ny.gov/) prior to April 2nd. Students must pick up a homestudy package at the club on April 2nd between 6 and 7pm and
complete the package before the class. (932-4802) for info.

FLOAT INTO SPRING WITH

GORGEOUS MUSIC AT
THE COURTHOUSE
Float into spring on the glorious notes of classical music giants
including Beethoven, Schumann, Bach and Mozart. Now in its
sixth year, the Salem Courthouse Community Center is pleased to
present its distinguished series of chamber music concerts on three
Sundays at 3:00 pm: April 26, May 17 and June 14. These events
provide local audiences with the opportunity to hear the finest music in an elegant atmosphere.

Principal performers: Kaori Washiyama and Dan Shulman.

Music director and pianist, Daniel Shulman, and his wife, violinist
and violist, Kaori Washiyama, will delight audiences by collaborating on several pieces. The couples son, Adam, will also perform
with his father. Mr. Shulman is a former head of the conducting
program at the California Institute of Arts, and a faculty member
of CCNY and C.W. Post College. He frequently performs on piano in Asia and throughout the United States. Ms. Washiyama is a
competition winner who directs her own chamber music series in
Japan and has appeared frequently on both coasts of this country.
She is on the faculty of Bennington College.
Among the other participating musicians are Melanie Dexter, violin, member of the Vermont Symphony and Bennington String Quartet; Joana Genova, violin, well known for her prominent role in the
Manchester Music Festival; Nathaniel Parke, cello, faculty member of Williams College and principal cellist of the Berkshire Symphony Orchestra; Josh Rodriguez, violin, member of the Glens Falls
Symphony and faculty at Skidmore College; and Jonah Thomas,
cello, recent graduate of Juilliard School and frequent performer in
the Courthouse Series.
The first concert on April 26 will feature: Bachs Concerto for
Piano and Strings in F Minor; Schuberts Sonata for Piano in G
Major; Kodalys Intermezzo for String Trio; and Mozarts Concerto for Piano and Strings in A Major. Once again, this series has
been partially funded by a grant awarded by LARAC. The tickets
are $20 each or $45 for the series of three concerts. To reserve
your tickets, please call the Courthouse at 518-854-7053.

BASKET PARTY: BPOE # 2223

ELKS AUXILIARY
will be hosting the Annual
Basket Party on Sunday
April 12th. This fund
raiser supports Scholarships for our 5 schools in
our district- Argyle, Cambridge, Greenwich, Salem
and Schuylerville. In the
past we have been able
to award 10 Scholarships
at $250.00 each to selected Students. If you
would like to donate a
Basket or an item to add
to a basket or a gift certificate, please call Charmane Dow at 6929060 or Audrey McShane at 692-9828 to make arrangements for
pick up or drop off at the Elks lodge anytime after 4 PM Monday
Saturday. If you have any empty baskets for reuse, please drop
them off at the Lodge also.

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

ADVANCED MODULAR HOMES

HOMES BUILT WITH PRIDE &
INTEGRITY BY PROFESSIONALS!

870 Hoosick Rd., Brunswick, NY

www.advancedmodhomes.com
e-mail: Advancedmodulars@gmail.com

518-279-1005

WOULD YOU LIKE TO

BE YOUR OWN BOSS?
Set your own hours, work in
the great outdoors?
Snowplow and Lawn
Care Business For Sale!
You get two trucks with
snowplows, salter sander,
Kubota Backhoe; 2 trailers; 4
lawn mowers, 4 back pack
blowers; 4 weed whackers
and misc equipment and a
client list of 50 customers.
All for $80k. Call 518-6922838 for more details.

WE ARE BUYING
COUNTRY PROPERTY
Farms, Woodlands
Vacant Lands &
Water-front
Call 518-638-6484 or
518-747-7722 eves
TWO
APARTMENTS
AVAILABLE.
One on the first floor; one
on the second floor; both
two (2) bedrooms.
27 Main street
Greenwich, NY
518-791-3001
RENTAL: One bedroom, W/
D, porch,/ to yard.Very clean.
$575/month. Security and
references required. Very
clean 518-695-3274.

Need to sell your home?

Call Al Konieczny @ Bryce
Real Estate 441-4353
Competitive , Reliable,
Professional and Proven
Service for all your needs!

E Side Beauty! Walk to Emma

Willard! 3BR, Spacious Colonial,Yard, Big Gar w/Loft & More
Only $145k BRYCE 9375120

APARTMENT FOR RENT

IN SCHUYLERVILLE Upstairs over bakery Cafe. No
Pets. 518-695-3564 and
leave a message.

ONE BEDROOM APT

FOR RENT: Country setting
in Schuylerville. Includes heat,
electric, water/sewer, lawn
maintenance and snow plowing. $775/mo. 518-338-8311

IDEAL
RETAIL
OR
OFFICE
SPACE
FOR
RENT. Route 40 South Argyle;
busy road; 1100 sq ft. $700/
mo. 518-638-8950.

CORLEW REALTY
2243 Coach Rd.,
Argyle, NY 12809
518-638-6473
Serving Washington &
Warren Counties
Sandra Corlew,
Broker/owner

WANTED LAND TO LIST:

Large or small; open, or
wooded. With oe without a
house. We have Serious buyers. www.michael-craigcampbell-rea;ty.com.
518-642-2274.

EAST GREENWICH
on Battenkill.
Stylish 2 BR, double living
room, spacious kitchen,
W/D hookup,
private garden, garage.
$700 plus security, lease.
No pets.
518-854-9285
CAMBRIDGE, NY
Luxury 3 bedroom, 3
bath home adjoining
State forest.
Gated off street parking,
newly renovated
kitchen,
stainless appliances,
granite counter tops,
washer/dryer, A/C.
Ground and snow
maintenance included.
$1175 plus utilities.
Call evenings.
1-518-854-9840.

SCHUYLERVILLE
ONE BEDROOM
APARTMENT FOR
RENT includes heat, lights,
water and sewer. $700/mo
518-338-8311

NEED TO SELL YOUR

HOME OR PROPERTY?
List with us at a fair price. If
we don't sell your home we
will pay your $500. Al
Konieczny at Bryce Real Estate Call for details.
518-441-4353.

SEEKING RURAL HOME

FOR RENT Mature couple
seeking rural property for rent
or lease purchase. Old farmhouse, fixer upper or mobile
home ok. Must be pet friendly
and horse friendly is a big plus!
Please call or text 518-2534756
or
email
at
mark400k@yahoo.com

Starter Homes $74k and Up

Call Jim@ BRYCE 5886755
HOUSE FOR SALE: 4 bedroom, brick, dead end road,
large yard, wood and oil heat.
Call 518-854-7731. $85K. Salem, NY.

APARTMENT FOR RENT

GREENWICH
1 Bedroom, Clean, Quiet
Cul-De-Sac, Seperate
Entrance, Yard. Heat
Included. Walk Downtown. Available May 1st.
$625/mo.
518-793-4264

Pop has RaceCar Needs Home

with Big Garage up to $275k
BRYCE 928-1231
Coming Soon~ Renovated
3000 SqFt home in North40
6 Bedrooms, 4 Baths Be 1st!
BRYCE 937-5120

THREE
BEDROOM
HOUSE FOR RENT: Corner of Wilbur Ave and Route
40 Easton. $1000/month plus
utilities. Central air and heat
(propane). All appliances included. Well water. Great
views. Two year minimum.
518-695-5000.
FOR RENT:
Granville, NY.
1 & 2 bedroom
apartments.
Offering $200 Off
1 months rent!
Starting at $575.
Water, sewer,
on-site laundry,
trash, snow &
garbage removal.
1-845-436-1215

www.thestovery.com - 518-638-8950

Goodales
Furniture

Your One Stop Mattress Shop!

Always Buying
Quality Used
Furniture
3 Generations and Over 71 Years In Business!
New & Used Furniture, Antiques & Appliances
51 Feeder Stree, Hudson Falls
Mon. - Fri. 9-5 Sat. 10-4 747-0520
WE SPECIALIZE IN
ESTATE CLEAN OUTS.
Antiques purchased or
consigned. WANTED:
antiques, collectibles, fine
used furniture, china , glass,
books and garage sale items.
Call 518-747-0197

BAND SAWN
AIR DRIED
PINE LUMBER.
1x's and 2x's.
Most sizes on
hand.Also, kiln
dried Hardwood
Flooring in Oak,
Cherry and
Hickory.
Pratt's Sawmill.
518-677-5609,
leave message.

FOR SALE:
Sand blaster Cabinet:
23wx19dx20h-$75
3 HVLP spray guns. Sharp
platinum (2) off brands-$100
Body shop supplies-call for
list-$95
Strip tape display (50) rolls
w/cutter-$75
Welding torches & gauges,
(3) tips, (1) heating tip, (2)
cutting torches, (8) tank
adapters, etc. Includes mine
torch(both need air lines)$75
Porter-Cable metal air
shears-$40
Big Daddy rivet gun-$25
Leverage bar-$40
Air line w/reel-$40
Binks air regulator-$35
DISCOVERIES
4498 State Route 9,
Routes 9 & 28,
Warrensburg, NY 12885
518-623-4567

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

Central Boiler E-Classic
OUTDOOR WOOD
FURNACES.
Heat your entire home and
hot water. EPA Qualified.
Call today about limited time,
money-saving offers!

Beecrofts, LLC
518-753-4402

HELP WANTED.
Mechanic. Experienced auto and/ or
heavy duty technician. Full Time
with benefits.
Salary is dependent
on skill level.
Inquire by phone
(518)686-5411
Town & Country
Auction
Keep all your Items in one
place for the best Price!
Auctions Weekly
at
7:00 PM
Local Dealers in
attendance
weekly.

Tuesday- New Merchandise

Friday- Antiques,
Collectibles,
General Merchandise
Saturday- Small Livestock,
Farm items

CA$H

For...
Any Form of
Gold, Platinum
& Silver
Diamonds
Pre Loved
Jewelry
Coin & Stamp
Collections
Watches
Sterling Silver
Sports Cards
Anything Old

Huge Prices Paid

(more than market prices)
No Appts Necessary
(but available if preferred)
Lots of Positive References
Years of Experience
Locally Owned

Antiques & Collectibles

1-800-498-3479 or
583-3479
10 Caroline St.,
Saratoga Springs

ANTIQUE FLY ROD FOR

SALE: Horrocks-Ibbotson
brand. Excellent condition.
Asking $150. 518-854-3166.

CASH: For crank

phonographs, early 78's,
cylinder records, parts.
Call 798-5612

WANTED, ANYTHING
WITH A SMALL ENGINE,
RUNNING OR NOT.
CASH PAID FOR SOME
518-753.0007 / 376-3807

FOR SALE: John Daly Gold

model golf clubs & bag. Excellent condition, most clubs never
used. Asking $150. Call 518507-6112

Stu Maguires
Equipment Sales, Inc.

Used
Used Cars
Cars &
& Trucks
Trucks
Bought
Bought and
and Sold
Sold
Used
Used Auto
Auto &
& Truck
Truck
Parts
Parts
We
We Stand
Stand Behind
Behind Our
Our
Cars!
Cars!
NYS DMV #3580143
93
93 State
State Route
Route 44
518-695-3545
Greenwich,
Greenwich, NY
NY 12834-9607
12834-9607

NYS Pet Dealers Lic#411534

457 Rt. 32N, Schuylerville, NY

Call

The Stovery - Home of Soothing Fires

Today-

518-695-6663

www.towncountryauctions.com

1999 Dutchman 31' motor

home. 1 slide out,
sleeps 7 has 41,306 miles.
Asking $16,500
802-442-4991
after 3pm
Shaftsbur y, VT.

HOUSE FOR RENT

HAY FOR SALE
HELP WANTED
CALL
518-692-9636
GET NEXT YEARS
FIREWOOD NOW!
Very reasonable rates.
Call (802)-394-2565 or
(518)-598-2376

BEST OF QUALITY
TAXIDERMY
Deer Heads Mounted. Bear
Rugs Made. Museum Quality.
518-642-9570
RAW LOCAL
HONEY FOR SALE
Dave Hicks
Route 40 Hartford, NY
518-632-5422

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

BOO
TH OIL CO
BOOTH
CO..
Still
water
Stillw
ter,, NY 223-2478

INSURANCE

Ser
ving Sar
ato
ga & Washington County
Serving
Sara
tog

Deli
vering
Deliv
FUEL OIL

Only

2.68

Call
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ve
Sav
Toda
y!
oday!

Gal.
SPRING STOP & SHOP- The General Schuyler Emergency
Squad is hosting a Spring Stop & Shop on Sat., April 25 from 10
am to 4 pm. Looking for Vendors. Please call Pat Temple at 3312978 or e-mail at Patty61349@yahoo.com if you are interested in
reserving a table.
2 FREE SPRING ART PROGRAMS AT THE CCC. The Salem
Courthouse Community Center is offering two art programs to area
students at no charge thanks to generous funding provided by
LARAC. The first opportunity is a spring break art class for
students in the 7th and 8th grade. The Salem Central School art
department will help target the students who would benefit from
this program, however, private and home-schooled students are
welcome as well. Experienced art teacher, Gabi Moore will conduct
the classes at the CCC Monday through Friday during spring break
(April 6 10) from 10:30 am to noon. Students will have the
opportunity to explore their creative side leading to an exhibit of
their work at the CCC. The second program funded is an initiative
that involves both Salem Central School teens and Salem Art Works.
Each Monday at 2:30 pm between April 13 and June 1, students
will be transported from the school to SAW utilizing the SAVE van.
At SAW, the students will be mentored by graphic artist, Chase
Winkler. The students will have the opportunity to work with
established artists while taking advantage of the outstanding grounds
at SAW. Again, due to the generosity of LARAC, there will be no
tuition fee. Students interested in either program should contact the
CCC at 518-854-7053 to register.
CHICKEN AND BISCUIT DINNER at the Pittstown United
Methodist Church Hall (located just off route 7) on Saturday, April
25th from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eat in or take out. Menu: chicken &
biscuit with gravy, vegetables, cole slaw, homemade desserts.
Adults: $10.00, Children 5-12: $5.00; Under 5 Free. For reservations
or more information call Bev at 518-663-5607.
SPECIAL ENTERTAINMENT- ELVIS TRIBUTE Join us at
the Rensselaer Countys Troy Senior Center on Friday April 24,
at 11:00 for a very special performance by Elvis Tribute Artist Drew
Polsun. Drew is a native of upstate New York and has been
performing from the East coast to the West coast, including Las
Vegas for the past 25 years. He has performed for radio and
television and is considered one of the top Elvis Tribute Artists in
the country. Drews vocal likeness has been described as nothing
less than phenomenal! The Show begins at 11:00 followed by a
delicious and nutritious lunch at 12 noon; to sign up call the Center
at 518-270-5348.

WE ARE HERE
TO SERVE YOU:
Schuylerville Insurance
144 Broad St.,
Schuylerville 695-4665
North Country Insurance
101 Main St.,
Greenwich, NY
518-692-9601

Bad Driver?..
Good Rates
Good Driver?..
Excellent Rates
Free Quotes

JUST A PHONE
CALL AWAY!
schuylervilleinsurance.com

RUMMAGE SALE will be held at the Pittstown United

Methodist Church Hall (located just off Route 7) on Friday, April
17 from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and on Saturday, from 9:30 a.m. to
11:30 a.m. A baked/food sale will be held on both days. Bag Sale
on Saturday buy 2 bags and get 1 free. For more information
call Betty at 518-663-8206.

PITTSTOWN SENIORS TRIP: A trip is planned to Pennsylvania Amish Lands June 2nd-4th 3 days, 2 nights, breakfasts,
dinners, theater, guided tour: $339 per person, inclusive. Info
and reservations: 518-478-3338. Members and guests welcome.
Meet at Tamarac Plaza-details upon making reservations.

CURTIS
SUPER 40

RUTS RIDGE FARM

Custom Meat Processing
Smokehouse and Sausage

695-5364

4167 St. Rt. 40,

Argyle, NY

Vacuum Packaging
PORK BEEF LAMB VENISON GOAT
We Accept All Major Credit Cards
By appointment only: M, T, Th, F 9am - 7 pm;
Sat. 9am - 6 pm; Closed Wed. & Sun.

518-638-6575

132 Lick Spring Rd., Greenwich

GUN HUNTER SAFETY COURSE Salem A one-day Gun

Hunter Safety Course will be held at the Salem Fish and Game
Club (316 Sportsman Way, Salem) on Saturday, April 11th starting
8:30am. Registration is required via the DEC website (http://
dec.ny.gov/) prior to April 2nd. Students must pick up a homestudy package at the club on April 2nd between 6 and 7pm and
complete the package before the class. (932-4802) for info.

ALL YOU CAN EAT BREAKFAST: The Buskirk Volunteer Fire Department Inc will be holding their Monthly All You
Can Eat Breakfast at the fire house on Sunday April 12th from
730 am 11am. Pack up the family and have the best breakfast in town with your family and friends and support the dedicated volunteers of your community. This monthly breakfast
will be held the 2nd Sunday of each month thru May

EZ TERM
0%
INTEREST
FINANCING

Neesons

Truck - Auto & Classic Car Sales & Service

See Tom or Alicia for all your Sales & Service Needs
2005 FORD TAURUS 6 cyl, auto, loaded .................................$4,295
2004 CHEVY SILVERADO LS 2500 HD 4x4, auto, 126K,
8 ft. box ............................................................................$8,995
SOLD
2004 CHRYSLER SEBRING V6, auto, fully loaded, leather
interior, moon roof ...........................................................$4,295
2004 PONTIAC GRAND AM 4 cyl, auto, cloth interior, 87K ..... $4,995
2004 NISSAN SENTRA 4 cyl, auto, cloth interior .................... $4,595
2003 OLDSMOBILE ALERO 4 cyl, auto, cloth interior ............. $3,995
2003 CHEVY SILVERADO 1500 4x4, 8 ft. box, auto, cloth int. $6,995
2000 PONTIAC GRAND AM 4 cyl, auto, cloth interior ............. $3,895
2000 FORD F-150 HARLEY DAVIDSON EDT. loaded,
leather interior, 1 owner ................................................. $10,995
1999 CHRYSLER LHS fully loaded, leather interior .................
$3,995
**SALE PENDING**
1990 GMC 3500HD 4x4, auto, 454 engline, looks/runs like
new .................................................................................. $9,995
*Please note that Neesons Classic Cars can not be held responsible for any typographical
errors found in this advertisement.

Open Monday through Friday 9 AM to 5 PM

Also available nights & weekends by appointment only!
7583 Route 22, Granville-Hebron line
Owner: Tom Neeson
Facility Id# 7098982

518-642-2565
Better Business Bureau A+ Rating

www.neesonsclassics.com

Mon-Fri
9AM-5PM

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

A Broadway Banner &
Flag Co.
Our Flags &
Banners Are
Out Of This
World!
Custom-made Flags
Banners Theatrical Backdrops
U.S. Flags Historical, World &
Military Flags Poles & Accessories
Truck Lettering

1940 Rt 32N at Route 50,

Gansevoort, NY
518-792-1776

GENERAL SCHUYLER RESCUE SQUAD is hosting a Stop

& Shop Vendor/Craft Fair on Saturday, April 25 from 10 to 4 pm
at the Rescue Squad Building on Rt. 29, Schuylerville. Refreshments available. Please help support your local community.
SPECIAL DINNER Rensselaer Countys Everett Wagar Senior
Center, 2 Roxborough Road, Grafton, NY On Wednesday, April
15, the Nutrition Department will hold its monthly special dinner
at noon. This months theme will be Spring Fling, menu will be;
Meatloaf w/Mushroom Gravy, Mashed Potatoes, Broccoli,
Shredded Lettuce w/Oil & Vinegar, Italian Bread, and Lemon
Cottage Pudding for dessert. Entertainment will begin at 11:00
a.m. with Joe Pro Sound. Our wonderful complete lunch is
available to all Rensselaer County Seniors age 60 and older
Monday thru Friday at noon for a suggested contribution of $3.00.
Stop in anytime Mon. Fri. 9:00 3:00 pm for a complete monthly
menu and activities calendar. Please call 279-3485 to make your
reservations for lunch.

Word

Frustrated?

orcleo
hatewre
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pomnitgs

Wise

























ANSWER NEXT TIME!

Answer to last Word Wise: Who do you have?

Collegian, university, Wisconsin, Michigan,
difficult. Final Four.
THE PITTSTOWN HISTORICAL SOCIETY HAS
PLANNED THE FOLLOWING EVENT: The Women Shall
Not Ride with the Baggage: Camp Followers and Womens Roles
in the American Revolution is the subject of a talk to be given by
historian Jennifer Richard-Morrow on April 16th at 7:30 PM at
the Pittstown Town Hall in Tomhannock (the former Tomhannock
Methodist Church). The various roles of women in the American
Revolution will be discussed. Often forgotten, misunderstood, or
mythologized, women on both sides of the Revolution faced
difficulties and danger. Richard-Morrow is a park ranger at
Saratoga National Historical Park where she interprets and gives
programs for school children and other groups. The meeting is
free and open to the public. For further information regarding this
press release, contact: Constance Kheel 686-7514

CHICKEN PARMESAN DINNER The Easton Methodist

Church, Route 40, North Easton, NY will have a Chicken Parmesan
Dinner on Thursday, April 23 From 4:30 to 7:00 PM. In addition to
homemade chicken parm, there will be pasta, salad, bread, dessert
and beverages. No reservations are needed. You may eat in or
take out. The cost is $10.00 for Adults, $5.00 for kids from 5-12
years old. 4 and under- free. Info: Edna at 664-7184.

CLARKS EQUIPMENT
175 East Broadway, Salem, NY 854-3149
HERITAGE HUNTERS will meet on Saturday, April 18th,
at 1pm at the Town of Saratoga Town Hall, corner of Rt. 4 and
Rt. 29 in Schuylerville. Jane Meader Nye will focus on the
Quaker families of Saratoga and Washington Counties during
the period prior to the Civil War. Her presentation will include a
general overview of what brought the Quakers here and the
beliefs that guided their lives. Public is welcome. For information
call 587-2978 or melfrejo@aol.com.

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

14 Forest Street
Greenwich, NY 12834
Sandy DeGregory
Courtney Hughes
& Terry Austin-Miller
THE ARGYLE SOX RELAY FOR LIFE TEAM are hosting a Bus Trip to the Boston Aquarium/
Boston Area on May 3rd!
Bus trip proceeds go to the RELAY FOR LIFE! Help us kick cancer with your donation! Bus leaves
at 6:30am from Greenwich Central School and goes to the Boston Aquarium. You my either enter and
participate in the discounted Aquarium Tickets and then go explore Boston or immediately go explore
Boston for the day. Bus will pick back up at the Quincy Market at 6:30 pm. Tickets for bus trip only are
$45 and with discounted aquarium admission tickets are as follows : Adults -Bus and Aquarium - $66
Seniors and College students with ID are $64. Children - 3-17 Bus and Aquarium -$59. Children Under
3 are free to the Aquarium.
Children who Lap ride and are under 2 are Free! Buses do not come equipped with seat belts. Total
due by April 5th, please contact to verify seats! Please contact Jennifer Ballard at jen_fur1979@
yahoo.com/ 518-638-5481
FARM EQUIPMENT AUCTION: Rensselaer County Farm Bureau is proudly having their first
annual farm equipment auction on April 25 at the Schaghticoke Fairgrounds in Schaghticoke, New
York. This is a consignment auction for farmers and others in the local area. The auction starts at 10
a.m. and will last until all items are sold. This is an absolute auction with no reserves or warranties.
Consignments will be taken in until the start of the auction. Info: contact Tim Marbot at 518-281-3432.
A list of items in the auction will be available prior to the auction.

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Autobody Glass
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Computer
Computer Diagnostics
Diagnostics

24 HOUR TOWING
New extended hours on Saturdays.
Open 8-4.
Please call for additional details.

Open Tues-Sat
Walk-ins
w el co m e

HUGE GARAGE SALE to benefit Little Theater on the Farm will be held in the barn on Friday and
Saturday, April 17th and 18th from 8:00 am to 4:00pm at 27 Plum Road, Fort Edward, NY. Little
Theater on the Farm is a 501(c)3 non-profit, community theater and relies on fund raisers to help
keep the prices low. Donations still being accepted. Call (518) 747-3421. For more info visit:
www.littletheater27.org.

ON THE FARM

by Andy Manne

WOMEN NOW RUNNING MANY FARMS. Many farmers are preparing to turn the reins
over to their daughters. Kate Danner is one such daughter, and she says, Almost anyone can run
the tractor. Its really the money in the books
and how good of a business manager you are This weeks ag report is
that helps the farmer ride the test of time.At a sponsored by:
time when a third of U.S. farmers are 65 or
older and fewer young people are joining them,
more women are stepping in to help fill the void,
lured by surging agricultural profit and technological advances that have reduced the industrys
reliance on manual labor. In 2012, females accounted for 14 percent of the 2.1 million principal farm operators, up from 5 percent in 1978,
government data show.
Agriculture has boomed over the past decade in the U.S., the worlds largest agricultural exporter.
Farm income this decade is the highest ever, averaging more than $116 billion annually since 2010,
more than double what it was in the 1990s, U.S. Department of Agriculture data show. Land values
are at records, after prices surged in recent years for corn and soybeans, the two biggest crops, and
for livestock.
More Opportunities: While women have always played important roles on family farms, more are
running the operation and showing up in new markets for niche crops, organic produce or direct
sales to consumers through community-supported agriculture or farmers markets. As farming becomes more complex, you need more diverse perspectives. Farming is becoming more professionalized,
which means multiple career paths. Some women admit they do not have their fathers or brothers
mechanical understandings, but there are other ways to be involved. Once involved, they help make
the family farm work.And, many are taking over entirely, either by default or by design.
ICE CREAM SOCIAL On Wednesday, April 29 the Rensselaer County Troy Senior Center, 19
Third Street, Troy, will be having an Ice Cream Social, with make your own sundaes at 12:30 pm.
Our nutritious and delicious lunch is served at 12 noon and available to all Rensselaer County Seniors
age 60 and older every weekday. Call 270-5349 to make your reservations bring a friend to lunch and
stay to enjoy one of Americas favorite desserts.
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CONNECTIONS: Do you need help with long term care for yourself or a friend? Contact NY
Connects Coordinator Susan at Warren/Hamilton Counties Office for the Aging at 1-866-805-3931 to
find out about options available for persons of any age needing care.
STRAWBERRY SHORTCAKE SOCIAL Rensselaer Countys Troy Senior Service Center, 19
Third Street, Troy, will hold its Annual Strawberry Shortcake Social, on Thursday, May 28th, at
12:30. Lunch will be served at 12 noon menu: Baked meatloaf followed by strawberry shortcake. All
seniors age 60 and over are welcome. For more information or to make a reservation for lunch, please
contact the Center at 270-5348.

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Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

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FAMILY-STYLE ROAST BEEF DINNER. The Valley Falls
United Methodist Church at 16 State Street in Valley Falls will
host a roast beef dinner on Wednesday, April 15. Sittings are at
5 and 6 p.m., with take-outs available after 5:00. The menu will
include roast beef and gravy, mashed potatoes, two vegetables,
condiments, rolls, and assorted pies. Tickets are $12.00 for adults,
$6.00 for ages 6-10, and free for age 5 and under. Reservations
are recommended but walk-ins are welcome as space allows. The
church is handicapped accessible. 541-3039 for reservations and
inform.

Steaks, Hamburgers, Chickens, Roasts...

See all our packages on our website!

Nessle Bros. Meats, Inc.

www.nesslebrothersmeats.com
On County Route 74, Greenwich, NY
518-692-9366 Open 8-5 Mon.-Sat.

BASKET PARTY- The Greenwich Elks Auxiliary will be holding

thier annual Basket Party on Sunday, April 12th at 1 PM at the
Greenwich Lodge. This fundraiser awards scholarships to students
from Greenwich, Argyle, Cambridge, Schuylerville and Salem. $5
admission includes light lunch! The Elks is second to the United
States Government in awarding scholarships to students continuing their education. Anyone wishing to donate a basket or items for
a basket, please call Charmane Dow at 518-692-9060.

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BENNINGTON COUNTY BEEKEEPERS CLUB LIMITED:

Thursday, April 16.@ Crispe Room, Vermont Veterans Home, 345
North Street, Bennington VT @ 7 PM pot luck meal; 7:35 business
meeting. Guest: Ross Conrad, Champlain Valley, learned beekeeping
from Mraz family, past VBA president, contributor to Bee Culture,
authored Natural Beekeeping, and owns and manages Dancing Bee
Garden.
Information
contact:
Jacob
802-442-3418
honeygarden123@comcast.net.

FOUR DIFFERENT GARDEN SEED KITS FOR 2015

ARE NOW AVAILABLE at Cornell Cooperative Extension
(CCE) in Warrensburg! This is the annual Seed Kit Fundraiser
for the CCE Master Gardener and 4-H programs. Pick from
vegetable, herb, garden flowers, and root vegetablesor pick
up all four! To find out more or to order your Garden Seed Kits,
please contact Cornell Cooperative Extension in Warren County
at 518-623-3291, via e-mail at: warren@cornell.edu, or feel free
to stop in at Cornell Cooperative Extension, 377 Schroon River
Road, Warrensburg, NY 12885. Office hours are Mon THRU
Thurs 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

THIS MONTH, APRIL 2015 REPRESENTS THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR

The American Civil War, widely known in the United States as

simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names, was a civil
war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the
Union or independence for the Confederacy. Among the 34 states
as of January 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, known as the Confederacy or the
South. They grew to include eleven states, and although they
claimed thirteen states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that remained loyal and did not declare secession
were known as the Union or the North. The war had its origin
in the fractious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery
into the western territories.[N 1] After four years of combat that
left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the Souths infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed and slavery was abolished. Then began the Reconstruction
and the processes of restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil
rights to the freed slaves.
In the 1860 presidential election, Republicans, led by Abraham Lincoln, opposed the expansion of slavery into U.S. territories. The

Republican Party, dominant in the North, secured a majority of the

electoral votes, and Lincoln was elected the first Republican president, but before his inauguration on March 4, 1861, seven slave
states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The
first six to secede had the highest proportions of slaves in their
populations, a total of 48.8% for the six.[6] Outgoing Democratic
President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected
secession as illegal. Lincolns inaugural address declared his administration would not initiate civil war. Eight remaining slave states
continued to reject calls for secession. Confederate forces seized
numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy.
A peace conference failed to find a compromise, and both sides
prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States
of America.
Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired
upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for every state to provide troops to retake the
fort; consequently, four more slave states joined the Confederacy,
bringing their total to eleven. Lincoln soon controlled the border
states, after arresting state legislators and suspending habeas corpus,[7] ignoring the ruling of the Supreme Courts Chief Justice
that such suspension was unconstitutional, and established a naval
blockade that crippled the southern economy. The Eastern Theater
was inconclusive in 186162. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland (a Union state) ended with Confederate retreat at the Battle of Antietam, dissuading British intervention.[8]
To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and the Union
siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi
River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended
at the Battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[9] Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in
1864. In the Western Theater, William T. Sherman drove east to
capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate
infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources
and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, leading to the protracted Siege of Petersburg. The besieged Confederate army eventually abandoned Richmond, seeking to regroup at
Appomattox Court House, though there they found themselves surrounded by union forces. This led to Lees surrender to Grant on
April 9, 1865. All Confederate generals surrendered by that summer.
The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial
wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced
weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian
factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies
all foreshadowed World War I. It remains the deadliest war in
American history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 750,000
soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. One
estimate of the death toll is that ten percent of all Northern males
2045 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged
1840 died.
Causes of secession
The causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the war began. The issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of
reasons for the war. Slavery was the central source of escalating
political tension in the 1850s. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln,
won the 1860 election. After Lincoln had won without carrying a
single Southern state, many Southern whites felt that disunion had
become their only option, because they felt as if they were losing
representation, which hampered their ability to promote pro-sla

very acts and policies.

The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state-based property system
compatible with and protected by the Constitution, as had been the
case in the Roman Republic. The strategy of the anti-slavery forces
was containment to stop the expansion and thus put slavery on
a path to gradual extinction.To slave holding interests in the South,
this strategy was perceived as infringing upon their Constitutional
rights.Slavery was being phased out of existence in the North, where
Coloured men had in some cases been granted the franchise or
even served as representatives; it was fading in the border states
and urban areas, but was expanding in highly profitable cotton districts of the south.
Despite compromises in 1820 and 1850, the slavery issues exploded
in the 1850s. Causes include controversy over admitting Missouri
as a slave state in 1820, the acquisition of Texas as a slave state in
1845 and the status of slavery in western territories won as a result
of the MexicanAmerican War and the resulting Compromise of
1850. Following the U.S. victory over Mexico, Northerners attempted to exclude slavery from conquered territories in the Wilmot
Proviso; although it passed the House, it failed in the Senate. Northern (and British) readers recoiled in anger at the horrors of slavery
as described in the novel and play Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) by
abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe.Irreconcilable disagreements
over slavery ended the Whig and Know Nothing political parties,
and later split the Democratic Party between North and South,
while the new Republican Party angered slavery interests by demanding a definite end to its expansion. Most observers believed
that without expansion slavery would eventually die out; Lincoln
argued this in 1845 and 1858
Meanwhile, the South of the 1850s saw an increasing number of
slaves leave the border states through sale, manumission and escape. During this same period, slave-holding border states had more
free African-Americans and European immigrants than the lower
South, which increased Southern fears that slavery was threatened with rapid extinction in this area. With tobacco and cotton
wearing out the soil, the South believed it needed to expand slavery. Some advocates for the Southern states argued in favor of
reopening the international slave trade to populate territory that
was to be newly opened to slavery. Southern demands for a slave
code to ensure slavery in the territories repeatedly split the Democratic Party between North and South by widening margins.
To settle the dispute over slavery expansion, Abolitionists and
proslavery elements sent their partisans into Kansas, both using
ballots and bullets. In the 1850s, a miniature civil war in Bleeding
Kansas led pro-South Presidents Franklin Pierce and James
Buchanan to attempt a forced admission of Kansas as a slave state
through vote fraud. The 1857 Congressional rejection of the proslavery Constitution was the first multi-party solid-North vote, and
that solid vote was anti-slavery to support the democratic majority
voting in the Kansas Territory. Violence on behalf of Southern honor
reached the floor of the Senate in 1856 when a Southern Congressman, Preston Brooks, physically assaulted Republican Senator Charles Sumner when he ridiculed prominent slaveholders as
pimps for slavery.
The earlier political party structure failed to make accommodation
among sectional differences. Disagreements over slavery caused
the Whig and Know-Nothing parties to collapse. In 1860, the last
national political party, the Democratic Party, split along sectional
lines. Anti-slavery Northerners mobilized in 1860 behind moderate
Abraham Lincoln because he was most likely to carry the doubtful
western states. In 1857, the Supreme Courts Dred Scott decision

believed it would die a natural death if it were contained. The Democrat Stephen A. Douglas developed the Freeport Doctrine to appeal
to North and South. Douglas argued, Congress could not decide either for or against slavery before a territory was settled. Nonetheless,
the anti-slavery majority in Kansas could stop slavery with its own
local laws if their police laws did not protect slavery introduction.
Most 1850 political battles followed the argu ments of Lincoln and
Douglas, focusing on the issue of slavery expansion in the territories.
But political debate was cut short throughout the South with Northern
abolitionist John Browns 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry Armory in an
attempt to incite slave insurrections. The Southern political defense
of slavery transformed into widespread expansion of local militias for
armed defense of their peculiar domestic institution. Lincolns assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, This
question of Slavery was more important than any other; indeed, so
much more important has it become that no other national question
can even get a hearing just at present. The Republicans gained
majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since the 1856
elections, they were to be seated in numbers that Lincoln might use to
govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery
House and Senate seats were vacated. Meanwhile, Southern Vice

ended the Congressional compromise for Popular Sovereignty in

Kansas. According to the court, slavery in the territories was a
property right of any settler, regardless of the majority there. Chief
Justice Taneys decision said that slaves were ... so far inferior
that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. The decision overturned the Missouri Compromise, which
banned slavery north of the 3630' parallel.
Republicans denounced the Dred Scott decision and promised to
overturn it; Abraham Lincoln warned that the next Dred Scott decision could threaten the Northern states with slavery. The Republican party platform called slavery a national evil, and Lincoln

over when a citizen left the boundaries of the state. The Southern
position was that citizens of every state had the right to take their
property anywhere in the U.S. and not have it taken away; specifically they could bring their slaves anywhere and they would remain
slaves. Northerners rejected this right because it would violate the
right of a free state to outlaw slavery within its borders. Republicans
committed to ending the expansion of slavery were among those opposed to any such right to bring slaves and slavery into the free states
and territories. The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857 bolstered the Southern case within territories,
and angered the North.

President, Alexander Stephens, in the Cornerstone Speech, declared

the new confederate Constitution has put at rest forever all the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutionsAfrican slavery
as it exists among usthe proper status of the negro in our form of
civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and
present revolution. The Republican administration enacted the Confiscation Acts that set conditions for emancipation of slaves prior to
the official proclamation of emancipation. Likewise, Lincoln had previously condemned slavery and called for its extinction.
Considering the relative weight given to causes of the Civil War by
contemporary actors, historians such as Chandra Manning argue that
both Union and Confederate fighting soldiers believed that slavery
caused the Civil War. Union men mainly believed the war was to
emancipate the slaves. Confederates fought to protect southern society, and slavery as an integral part of it. Addressing the causes, Eric
Foner would relate a historical context with multidimensional political,
social and economic variables. The several causes united in the moment by a consolidating nationalism. A social movement that was individualist, egalitarian and perfectionist grew to a political democratic
majority attacking slavery, and slaverys defense in the Southern preindustrial traditional society brought the two sides to war.
States rights.
At the time, most Americans agreed that states had certain rights,
however, they did not agree as to whether or not those rights carried

CIVIL WAR,

CONT.

Secondly, the South argued that each state had the right to secede
leave the Unionat any time, that the Constitution was a compact or agreement among the states. Northerners (including President Buchanan) rejected that notion as opposed to the will of the
Founding Fathers who said they were setting up a perpetual
union.[47] Historian James McPherson writes concerning states
rights and other non-slavery explanations:
While one or more of these interpretations remain popular among
the Sons of Confederate Veterans and other Southern heritage
groups, few professional historians now subscribe to them. Of all
these interpretations, the states-rights argument is perhaps the
weakest. It fails to ask the question, states rights for what purpose?
States rights, or sovereignty, was always more a means than an
end, an instrument to achieve a certain goal more than a principle.
Sectionalism and cotton trade
Territories:
Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure,
customs and political values of the North and South. It increased
steadily between 1800 and 1860 as the North, which phased sla-

very out of existence, industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous

farms, while the deep South concentrated on plantation agriculture
based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for the
poor whites. The South expanded into rich new lands in the Southwest (from Alabama to Texas). The primary export for the South
was cotton; a crop that had expanded growth, demand, and was
essential for the industrial revolution in Europe and the USA. Most
came from the South. By 1860 the cotton trade held 57% of the
value of all American exports worth $191,000,000 turning the South
into a cotton empire.
The use of slaves declined in the border states and could barely
survive in cities and industrial areas (it was fading out in cities such
as Baltimore, Louisville, and St. Louis), so a South based on slavery was rural and non-industrial. On the other hand, as the demand for cotton grew, the price of slaves who picked it soared.
Historians have debated whether economic differences between
the industrial Northeast and the agricultural South helped cause the
war. Most historians now disagree with the economic determinism
of historian Charles A. Beard in the 1920s and emphasize that
Northern and Southern economies were largely complementary.
While socially different, the sections economically benefited each
other.
King Cotton: Confederates counted on King Cotton for economic leverage on Europe.
Fears of slave revolts and abolitionist propaganda made the South
militantly hostile to abolitionism. Southerners complained that it was
the North that was changing, and was prone to new isms, while
the South remained true to historic republican values of the Founding Fathers (many of whom owned slaves, including Washington,
Jefferson, and Madison). Lincoln said that Republicans were following the tradition of the framers of the Constitution (including the
Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise) by preventing expansion of slavery.
In the 1840s and 50s, the issue of accepting slavery (in the guise of
rejecting slave-owning bishops and missionaries) split the nations

largest religious denominations (the Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches) into separate Northern and Southern denominations. Industrialization meant that seven European immigrants out of
eight settled in the North. The movement of twice as many whites
leaving the South for the North as vice versa contributed to the
Souths defensive-aggressive political behavior.

THE WAR STARTS AT FORT SUMPTER

The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 1214, 1861) was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter, near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War. Following declarations of
secession by seven Southern states, South Carolina demanded that
the US Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor. On December 26, 1860, Major Robert Anderson of the U.S. Army surreptitiously moved his small command from the indefensible Fort
Moultrie on Sullivans Island to Fort Sumter, a substantial fortress
controlling the entrance of Charleston Harbor. An attempt by U.S.
President James Buchanan to reinforce and resupply Anderson,
using the unarmed merchant ship Star of the West, failed when it

was fired upon by shore batteries on January 9, 1861. South Carolina authorities then seized all Federal property in the Charleston
area, except for Fort Sumter.
During the early months of 1861, the situation around Fort Sumter
increasingly began to resemble a siege. In March, Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, the first general officer of the newly
formed Confederate States Army, was placed in command of Confederate forces in Charleston. Beauregard energetically directed
the strengthening of batteries around Charleston harbor aimed at
Fort Sumter. Conditions in the fort grew dire as the Union soldiers
rushed to complete the installation of additional guns. Anderson
was short of men, food, and supplies.
The resupply of Fort Sumter became the first crisis of the administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He notified the Governor of South Carolina, Francis W. Pickens, that he was sending
supply ships, which resulted in an ultimatum from the Confederate
government: evacuate Fort Sumter immediately. Major Anderson
refused to surrender. Beginning at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, the Confederates bombarded the fort from artillery batteries surrounding
the harbor. Although the Union garrison returned fire, they were
significantly outgunned and, after 34 hours, Major Anderson agreed
to evacuate. There was no loss of life on either side as a direct
result of this engagement, although a gun explosion during the surrender ceremonies on April 14 caused two Union deaths.
Following the battle, there was widespread support from both North
and South for further military action. Lincolns immediate call for
75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion resulted in an additional
four southern slave states also declaring their secession and joining
the Confederacy. The Civil War had begun.

WASHINGTON COUNTY NEW YORKS

CONTRIBUTION TO THE WAR
123rd Infantry Regiment Mustered in: September 4, 1862

Mustered out: June 8, 1865

The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion,
3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912.
Colonel Archibald L. McDougall received authority, July 23, 1862,
to recruit this regiment; it was organized at Salem, and there mustered in the service of the United States for three years September
4, 1862. December 23, 1863, part of the 145th Infantry was transferred to it. June 8, 1865, the men not to be mustered out with the
regiment were transferred to the 60th Infantry. The companies
were recruited principally: A at Greenwich; B at Kingsbury; C at
Whitehall; D at Fort Ann, Putnam and Dresden; E at Hartford and
Hebron; F at Argyle and Greenwich; G at White Creek, Jackson,
Greenwich and Salem; H at Salem, Shushan, Greenwich, Hartford
and Hebron; I at Easton, Cambridge, Hartford and Hebron, and K
at Granville and Hampton. The regiment left the State September
5, 1862; it served in the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 12th Corps,
from September, 1862; in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 12th
Corps, from May, 1863; in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 20th
Corps, from April, 1864; and, commanded by Col. James C.
Rogers, it was honorably discharged and mustered out June 8,
1865, near Washington, D. C.
During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 2
officers, 40 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 4 officers,
28 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 95 enlisted men;
total, 6 officers, 163 enlisted men; aggregate, 169; of whom 4
enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 records of the regiments in the Union army cyclopedia of battles memoirs of
commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908.
volume II. One Hundred and Twenty-third Infantry.Cols.,
Archibald L. McDougall, Ambrose Stevens, James C. Rogers;
Lieut.-Cols., Franklin Norton, James C. Rogers, Adolph H. Tanner; Majs., James C. Rogers, A. H. Tanner, Henry Gray. This
regiment, recruited in the county of Washington, rendezvoused at
Salem and was there mustered into the U. S. service on Sept. 4,
1862, for three years. In Dec., 1863 a portion of the 145th N. Y.
was transferred to it. The regiment left the state on Sept. 5, 1862,
and was assigned to Williams (1st) division, 12th corps, with
which it served throughout its term. It fought its first battle at
Chancellorsyille, where the 12th corps was heavily engaged, the
regiment losing 148 killed, wounded and missing, Lieut.-Col.
Norton being among the mortally wounded. The 123d was only
slightly engaged at Gettysburg, where it lost 14. It joined in the
pursuit of Lee into Virginia, fought without loss at Fair Play and
Williamsport, Md., and at Robertsons ford, Va. On Sept. 23,
1863, it was ordered with its corps to Tennessee to reinforce Gen.
Rosecrans and performed guard and picket duty for several months
along the railroad between Murffeesboro and Bridgeport. When
the 12th corps was changed to the 20th in April, 1864, Williams
division was allowed to retain its distinctive badge, the red star. It
started on the Atlanta campaign with Shermans army early in
May and was active during the battles of Resaca, Cassville and
Dallas, where it lost 23 killed and wounded, among the mortally
wounded being Col, McDougall. Its losses at Kennesaw mountain aggregated 63 killed, wounded and missing, and at Peachtree
creek, 53. From July 21 to Aug. 26, it was engaged in the siege of
Atlanta, and on Nov. 15, it moved with Shermans army on the
march to the sea, taking part in the final campaign of the Carolinas
the following year. During this campaign it was engaged at Chesterfield, Averasboro, Bentonville, Aiken, Smithfield, Raleigh and
Bennetts house, with a total loss of 21 killed, wounded and
missing. After Gen. Johnstons surrender it marched to Washington with the army, participated in the grand review, and was
finally mustered out, under command of Col. Rogers, June 8, 1865,
when the members of the regiment not entitled to be mustered out
were transferred to the 145th N. Y. The 123d lost during its term of
service 6 officers and 68 enlisted men, killed and fatally wounded;
95 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 169.

FT SUMPTER

2nd Lt. Luke H. Carrington

Company C 123rd New York Infantry
Civil War Period

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

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APPLICATIONS BEING ACCEPTED FOR SSOARApplications are now being accepted for Saratoga Hospitals popular
Students Sharing Opportunities and Responsibilities (SSOAR)
Program. SSOAR is a 48 hour summer volunteer session for 25
greater Saratoga County students between the ages of 16-18.
Students will have the opportunity to serve in one of several areas
of the hospital, including the Nursing Home, Regional Therapy
Center, and Treasures Consignment Boutique. Detailed information
and applications are available at www.saratogahospital.org/aboutus/
volunteering. Completed applications must be received by April
6, 2015. Accepted SSOAR participants are required to attend a
mandatory orientation being held June 26, 2015. For additional
information, please contact Betsy St. Pierre, Associate Director of
Volunteer Services, at estpierre@saratogacare.org.
BARBARA HAMEL WILL PRESENT AT WOMENS
HEALTH DAY. Barbara Hamel will present a workshop at the
Salem Area Womans Clubs 21st Annual Womens Health Day
By Women For Women in conjunction with Glens Falls Hospital
on Saturday, April 25th at Salem Washington Academy. In addition to keynote speaker Elizabeth Cockey there will be six workshop choices during this day long event.Barbara Hamel will present
the workshop titled Finding Balance In Your Life. She says that
we often fall down when trying to incorporate exercises into our
busy lifestyles. Barbara is a local Physical Therapist and will show
participants simple exercises that can be added into everyday activities. These exercises will assist in improving flexibility, strength
and balance reactions. Barbara Hamel, PT, is the owner of Helping Hands Physical Therapy in Greenwich, NY. Barbara opened
Helping Hands in 2002. She greatly enjoys assisting individuals in
improving their health. Barbara and her staff treat a wide range of
ages and disabilities. In 2014 her office received the Washington
County Small Business of the Year Award. Barbara is a 1990 graduate of Russell Sage College and lives in Wilton with her husband
Bob and three children. Health Day attendees will enjoy a continental breakfast with registration between 8 and 9 AM. A baked
goods table will be available all day. Lunch options will be prepared
by Tammy Butler of Jackos Corner Shoppe. After lunch chances
for door prizes, generously contributed by many local businesses,
will be drawn. Pre-registration for Womens Health Day is required and must be received by mid-April. Space is limited for the
individual workshops. Event information packets including registration forms have been mailed to past participants of Womens
Health Day. For more information about the events of the day, or
for a registration form, please contact Chairman Lois Sheaff at
677-5562.
TOWN OF PITTSTOWN SENIORS The Town of Pittstown
Seniors hold their monthly meetings on the first Wednesday of the
month starting with a covered dish luncheon at noon. Meetings are
held at Raymertown Fire House on Mason Lane. All seniors 55 or
over are invited to attend. . Trip:June 2-4-Pennsylvania Amish
Lands Excursion. Members and guests are welcome. Package includes:3 days-2 nights. Two-night lodging, two breakfasts, two dinners, including familystyle dinner and Shady Maple Smorgasbord.
Performance of Joseph at the Millennium Theatre. Guilded Tour
of the Amish Countryside with shopping opportunities. Luggage
handling, taxes, meal gratuities, motor coach transportation, all are
included or $399. per person. Everyone will meet at Tamarac Plaza
for transportation. For information and reservations call Sylvia at
518-478-3335.

ASKCO

MASS AT SALEM HOLY CROSS CATHOLIC CHURCH

is Sunday at 9:00 AM. There is a childrens Liturgy during Sunday
Mass to which all children are welcome. On May 2nd, the Saturday Mass at 4:30 PM will resume. Beginning Sunday, May 3rd,
Mass time will change to 8:30 AM. Please note the change of time.
On Tuesday, March 24 a Reconciliation Service will be held at St.
Patricks in Cambridge at 6 PM. The 12:00 PM Ecumenical Service and Lunch schedule is as follows: March 26 East Hebron
Presbyterian Church. The annual Easter Egg Hunt will be held on
Sunday, March 29.Easter is on April 4.
THE SCHUYLERVILLE PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS INHERITED THE 1,000 BOOKS BEFORE KINDERGARTEN
program from the Schuylerville Elementary School! Combining the
previous efforts of Schuylerville Elementary School and adding our
own twist to the program, we will scoop up some books as we read
1,000 books before kindergarten.
The 1000 Books before Kindergarten is a pre-literacy effort aimed
at encouraging families to read at least 1000 books to their
preschooler, birth to age five, before they enter school. This program was developed to increase awareness of the importance of
early literacy as well as encouraging parents to embrace their role
as their childs first teacher. The goal of this program is to foster a
love of reading that will last a life time and to help children enter
school ready to learn. Reading is one of the most important things
you can do to ensure your childs success when they begin school.
It also provides an opportunity to increase their exposure to a wide
variety of books, and to promote use of the library a treasure
trove of free material available to our community members.
At Schuylerville we are taking it a step further, while the program
is targeted to children under the age of five, the joy of reading
doesnt stop there. We are introducing a family element; families
can enter as one unit and work together to read 1,000 books. Register online or at the Library, if you register online be sure to download our reading tracker. For every 100 books you child or your
family reads, bring the tracker to the library and add a sprinkle to
our ice cream tower!
About Schuylerville Public Library The Schuylerville Public Library is in the Village of Schuylerville on 52 Ferry Street. In addition to a variety of books and programs, it provides a website filled
with digital content and services. The Schuylerville Public Library
is a school district library, established in 2013 to serve sections of
the Towns of Easton, Fort Edward, Greenwich, Northumberland,
Saratoga, Stillwater, and Wilton along with the Villages of
Schuylerville and Victory. In 2013, the Schuylerville Public Library
was named a 3-star library by the Library Journal magazine. Each
year, the Schuylerville Public Library hosts hundreds of programs
and serves thousands of people. All of its programs and exhibitions
are free and open to the public. Connect here for TLC! (Technology, Literacy, and Community). To learn more, visit
schuylervillelibrary.sals.edu/.
4TH ANNUAL CHILI CHOW DOWN CHALLENGE in
NorthCountryARTS Presents Artist Workshops from April
through June 2015. A choice of eleven art workshops will be
offered by NorthCountryARTS from April through June. Enclosed
is a list of the workshops and instructors. Each workshop is $55
for a NCAs member and $65 for non-members. Reservations are
required and should be mailed to Maria Clara Castano, 424 East
Schroon River Rd., Bolton Landing, NY 12814. For questions, call
(518) 222-1471 or email info@northcountryarts.org. More details
on the workshops and instructors, and the Registration Form are
available
on
the
NorthCountryARTS
website:
www.northcountryartscenter.org/workshopsclasses.html.

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CHICKEN BBQ: The Mens Auxiliary of VFW Post 7291 is

having a Chicken BBQ on Saturday April 18 from 2 to 4 pm at
the Post on Abeel Avenue in Greenwich. Dinner includes chicken,
baked potato, baked beans, roll and dessert. Tickets are $12 and
can be purchased from any Auxiliary member or at the Post. Orders available for take out only.
CORNELL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION TO HOST
VIEWING OF FILM GRAZERS: A COOPERATIVE
STORY
Cornell Cooperative Extension of Saratoga County will host a free
viewing of the film Grazers: A Cooperative Story on Thursday,
April 30th 2015 at 7pm at the 4-H Training Center, 556 Middleline
Road Ballston Spa NY. Movie Synopsis: New York State loses a
farm every three days, and with it a way of life, generations of
farming knowledge, small town infrastructure and a whole landscape. Filmed over the course of two-years, Grazers: A Cooperative Story follows a group of fiercely independent farmers in upstate New York as they create a beef cooperative to hold on to
their failing farms. Directed by documentary veterans Lisa F. Jackson and Sarah Teale, Grazers explores the demise of the family
farm and rural landscape and the emergence of a new, local food
movement that links country and city in an effort to improve food
quality and retain local farms. Pre-Registration is encouraged. Please
call 518-885-8995 to register. Visit http://www.grazersfilm.com/ or
contact Carter Older at co263@cornell.edu for more information.
THE COOPERS CAVE COIN SHOW will be on April 26th
from 10am to 3pm.at the VFW post 6196 located at the corner of
Richardson & Luzerne rd in queensbury..No admisson charge. and
free parking..Coins ,bullion, stamps and other collectables for
sale..also dealers are buying..WE have a few tables left to rent,if
interested call strodel 623 2178.
THE HIGHLIGHT ACTING TROUPE WILL BE
PRESENTING INTO THE WOODS, on 5/8,9,15, & 16 at
8:00PM and Sunday 5/10 & 17 at 2:00PM. The performance will
be held at the Brunswick Grange Rte 7 and Rte 142. The show will
be directed by Andrew Osterhout with Robin Dickinson-Sawyer
assisting. Andrea Merrill is the Music Director.
The story follows a Baker and his wife whom wish to have a child.
Cinderalla who wishes to attend the Kings festival and Jack who
wishes his cow to give milk. When the Baker and his wife learn
that they cannot have a child because of a Witchs curse, the two
set off on a journey to break the curse. Everyones wish is granted,
but the consequences of their actions return to haunt them later
with disastrous results. For Reservations call Ethel LeVan at 518237-6936 or email Highlightacting@yahoocom. We request that
reservations be paid in advance.
CALLING ALL TALENTED PEOPLE Do you have talent and
would like to perform on stage? The Salem Courthouse Community Center will be hosting its popular annual talent showcase at the
Fort Salem Theater on Saturday, June 6 at 7:30 pm. (A mandatory
technical rehearsal will take place at the Fort Salem Theater on
Friday, June 5 starting at 6 pm.) The Master of Ceremonies for
this years production will be the popular former CBS 6 News
Anchor, Jerry Gretzinger. Auditions for the show will take place in
the second floor courtroom of the CCC on 2 Saturdays in April, the
11 and 18, from 10 am until noon. The family-friendly show features singers, dancers, musicians, magicians, and comedians. All
ages are welcome to audition. Please call the CCC at 518-8547053 and ask for Donna to schedule an appointment to audition.
The CCC is located at 58 East Broadway across from the Salem
Central School.

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

VENDORS WANTED. The Public is invited to attend a craft
shoe at the V.T Veterans home on May 2nd from 9am--3pm in
the crispy room by the chapel thanks if you have any questions
you can call 442-4991- also we have room for 2 more vendors
must bring your own tables.
FUNDS NEEDED FOR ELECTRICAL UPGRADE @ The
North River United Methodist Church, which is seeking donations for the Let There Be Light campaign to update the electrical system in the 168 year old church building. The North River
United Methodist Church was founded in 1847 in the hamlet of
North River and is the second oldest church located in the Town
of Johnsburg. According to Amy Sabattis member of the church
and current trustee We have had some success in raising funds
through car washes and bake sales and we have had a few generous donations but we are still lacking the funding to complete
the project. The fund-raising committee is looking for grants from
foundations, too, but most private foundations say no churches.
So, we have hit social media by using the site GoFundMe. The
site will display our campaign but only when we hit the $500.00
mark. When we hit that mark our campaign will be posted for the
whole world to see and the potential for donations is much greater.
If you would like to contribute to this fundraiser go to http://
www.gofundme.com/lit3z4 or call Amy Sabattis at 518-251-2519.
SALEM RESCUE SQUAD Mary McClellan Foundation 2014
Grant. The Salem Rescue Squad Inc. is pleased to announce The
Mary McClellan Foundation has generously awarded a grant to the
organization for 2014. This grant has been used to purchase a
Stryker Power Pro XT stretcher with XPS system. This new
stretcher reduces associated risks of back injuries to members.
With an expanded patient surface area, adjustable side rails and
wider mattress, it is designed with patient comfort in mind. The
Mary McClellan Foundation grant this year and in previous years
has been extremely beneficial in upgrading our equipment and supporting The Salem Rescue Squads mission of providing emergency
medical treatment and transport. We wish to thank The Mary
McClellan Foundation for continued support of our communitys
health care needs. For more than 45 years, the Salem Rescue
Squad has provided emergency medical services to citizens and
visitors in Salem, Hebron, Jackson, East Greenwich and Rupert.
The Squad relies primarily on dedicated volunteers to serve as
Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), drivers and assistants in
answering more than 400 calls per year. Salem Rescue Squad is in
search of new members who can be a part of its team and contribute to its critical mission of providing emergency medical care to
the community. Flexible schedules are easily accommodated due
to our 24/7 schedule. For more information about Salem Rescue
Squad call 518.854.7199 or email salem44ems@hotmail.com.
WARRENSBURG CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SOCIAL
MIXER The Warrensburg Chamber of Commerce will hold a
Social Mixer on Thursday, April 16th. The event is free and
open to the public, area chambers, associations and businesses.
Announcing our second Warrensburg Chamber Social/Business
Mixer of 2015. Well be serving lots of great soups, breads, dessert
and beverages and have informal networking opportunities. The
event will be sponsored by and held at The Warrensburg Museum
of Local History located at 3754 Main Street, Warrensburg, NY.
The event will start at 5 pm with open networking and refreshments. There will be a resource table, so bring literature for your
business or association to display. Gather your colleagues and friends
, bring plenty of business cards, and get ready to make new connections. Mixers are a great way to network, meet people and
grow your business. The Chamber plans on holding 3-4 Mixers in
2015 with the purpose of promoting local business and opportunities to improve the community. Mixers are held at area Chamber
business member locations in Warrensburg. If you are a Chamber
member and would like to sponsor a Mixer later in the year please
contact the Chamber at 518-623-2161 .
2015 WHIPPLE CITY FESTIVAL A planning meeting took place
last week at the Greater Greenwich Chamber of Commerce office
for the 2015 Whipple City Festival. These dates have been set for
this years event Friday June 12 and Saturday June 13th.
This is the 24th annual festival being sponsored by the Greenwich
Chamber of Commerce, which will be entering its 25th Anniversary year in April. We are once again pleased to provide this early
spring event to the community members of Greenwich and surrounding area and to attract so many visitors here to experience
this great little town and village.
As we begin to plan we find we are in need of some new committee people. Especially in the area of working with bringing in food
vendors, artisans and crafters, carnival area, website & program
work. Our committee members do not have to be a chamber member, just someone interested in the community and in making the
Festival event better than the past ones. Please contact the GGCC
at 692-7979 or at info@greenwichchamber.org for more info.
TOUR DE SALEM FLAME FIGHTERS Sunday June 14,
2015: Organizer Name : Salem Volunteer Fire Department Inc.
Email Address : salemfd4434@hotmail.com. 518-321-9430
Basic Event Details...Location : Salem, New York, USA
Start HQ : Archibald St. Salem, NY 12865
http://www.tourdesalemflamefighters.com/
Registration Open Date : 01/January/2015
Registration URL : https://www.bikereg.com/Net/22124
Start Times and entry limit found there. Register on-line or the day
of the event registration starts at 7:30am with the 63 mile ride starting at 8:00am. With the other rides to follow 25 mile @ 8:30am, 16
mile @ 9:00am, and the 10 mile @ 9:30am.
Routes: 10, 16, 25, & 63 miles. Difficulty: C - Moderate terrain
with rolling short steep hills or moderate, sustained climbs
Costs: $35.00/individual $40.00/family.

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

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double (1) single (1) junction
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Snow shoes: US Lund WW2
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desks-$85
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Napaul Publishers, Inc.

April 10, 2015

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SCRABBLE PLAYERS: Join us for a fun-filled evening of friendly competition featuring thinking
creatively, stretching the rules, and plottingall for a great cause! Literacy New York Greater Capital
Region will again host SCRABBLE TEAM CHALLENGE. One can play as an individual or
compete as a team. Tickets are $60 - individual with Corporate sponsorship levels - starting @ $600.
Dinner included and an A-Z raffle too! Contact Deb Seifert (e) dseifert@literacynycap.org (p) 518793-7414 for details and tickets. The Greenwich Free Library would like to send a team to support
adult literacy programs in our area. We are looking for individuals who can pay their own way and/
or sponsorships for players. Interested? Contact Annie Miller at the library 692-7157 or amiller@sals.edu
Scrabble
Team
Challenge...How
it
works:
Compete as a member of a team of 8 made up of friends, neighbors or colleagues. The evenings
rules are built on traditional SCRABBLE, but.with a twist! The idea is to create a board with the
highest score! You can buy additional tiles to add words and/ or buy dictionary cheats to confirm
spelling. The first 10 teams to register receive bonus points too!
VENDORS NEEDED: Greenwich Town Wide Garage Sale May 16 & 17 Greenwich Senior Citizens Club is holding a garage sale at the VFW in Greenwich . Looking for vendors to fill our covered
pavilion @ $10.00 a table.Contact Ellen Griffin at 518-692-9945

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View all of our inventory at: www.hpautoonline.com

FLOAT INTO SPRING WITH GORGEOUS MUSIC AT
THE COURTHOUSE. Float into spring on the glorious notes of classical music giants including
Beethoven, Schumann, Bach and Mozart. Now in its sixth year, the Salem Courthouse Community
Center is pleased to present its distinguished series of chamber music concerts on three Sundays at 3:00
pm: April 26, May 17 and June 14. These events provide local audiences with the opportunity to hear the
finest music in an elegant atmosphere. Music director and pianist, Daniel Shulman, and his wife, violinist
and violist, Kaori Washiyama, will delight audiences by collaborating on several pieces. The couples
son, Adam, will also perform with his father. Mr. Shulman is a former head of the conducting program at
the California Institute of Arts, and a faculty member of CCNY and C.W. Post College. He frequently
performs on piano in Asia and throughout the United States. Ms. Washiyama is a competition winner
who directs her own chamber music series in Japan and has appeared frequently on both coasts of this
country. She is on the faculty of Bennington College. Among the other participating musicians are
Melanie Dexter, violin, member of the Vermont Symphony and Bennington String Quartet; Joana Genova,
violin, well known for her prominent role in the Manchester Music Festival; Nathaniel Parke, cello,
faculty member of Williams College and principal cellist of the Berkshire Symphony Orchestra; Josh
Rodriguez, violin, member of the Glens Falls Symphony and faculty at Skidmore College; and Jonah
Thomas, cello, recent graduate of Juilliard School and frequent performer in the Courthouse Series. The
first concert on April 26 will feature: Bachs Concerto for Piano and Strings in F Minor; Schuberts
Sonata for Piano in G Major; Kodalys Intermezzo for String Trio; and Mozarts Concerto for Piano and
Strings in A Major. Once again, this series has been partially funded by a grant awarded by LARAC.
The tickets are $20 each or $45 for the series of three concerts. To reserve your tickets, please call the
Courthouse at 518-854-7053.

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

$0
DOWN

2015 HONDA CR-V LX AWD- Lease for $239*/mo.

*2015 Honda CR-V LX AWD, $25,575 MSRP. Finance rates upon approval through primary lender.
Lease $239/mo., 39/mo., 12,000 miles/yr ($.15 each thereafter) with qualified credit through primary
lender. Residual $16,623.75. First payment plus $0 due at inception. With approved credit and 720+
beacon score. Must present at the time of purchase. Not all will qualify. Plus tax, tags, title, $595
20
aquisition, and DMV. See Dealer for complete details. Offers and availability subject to change. Must
E
S
take delivery from in-stock. CVT transmission. Stock #106574. Model #RM4H3FEW.
TO CHOO!
Offer Expires on 4/13/2015
FROM

Mike Powers

CASH: For crank phonographs, early 78's,

cylinder records, parts.
Call 798-5612

ANGUS BEEF FOR SALE:

High quality. 1/2, whole, 1/4s
available Marchaland Farms
518-692-9881

FIREWOOD FOR SALE:

full cord, local, unseasoned
Hardwood, cut and split. 518692-2109

SLATE WANTED: Used slate

on or off the building. Also new
and used slate for sale. Call 802265-3200.

DRUMMS SAWMILL
Kiln Dried Rough Cut
and Planed lumber
in stock.
1" & 2" T&G.
Shiplap, Novelty
Siding, Log Cabin
Siding. V-Groove.
Hrs: M-F 8 am-4:30 pm;
Sat. 8 am-3:30 pm
Pick-up or delivery.
193 Casey Road in
Schuylerville.
518-928-9982
518-583-1168
We now accept all
major credit cards!

04 VOLVO XC90
$

5,995

AWD, A/C, Cruise, Heated

Leather Seats, Sunroof, 7 Pass.,
More, 125K, White

518-677-5135
98 W. Main St.
Cambridge
DMV#7074745

OLD SARATOGA REFORMED CHURCH, 48 Pearl Street,

Schuyerville, will host a Lasagna Dinner on Sat. April 18 from
4:30 pm-6:30 pm. The menu will feature lasagna (meat or
vegetarian) or baked ziti, tossed salad, Italian bread, choice of
desserts and beverages. The cost is $10 for adults and $5 for children
5-10. Children under 5 free. Reservations are preferred, but walkins are welcome. Please call 695-6638. Takeouts are available.
For more information call 518-695-3479.

FIREWOOD
FOR SALE:
Cut, split. Local
delivery. 518538-1097.

AMISHLANDS PENNSYLVANIA TRIP. Join the Town of Pittstown seniors (TOPS) for NYC
style show at a fraction of the cost. This trip includes 2 nights 3 days, 2 breakfasts, 2 dinners, the
performance of Joseph at the Millennium Theatre, a guided tour of the Amish Countryside,
motorcoach and much more, June 2 4, 2015. Price is $339.00 per person with cancellation insurance
available, only 5 seats left so hurry. Info or reservations contact Sylvia Ward at (518) 478-3338.

12 KIA FORTE

4 dr, 4 cyl, std, 131k,

silver

3950

auto, 4 dr, 6 cyl,

139k

4x4, auto, 132k, white

4250

3950

4250

miles west from Bennington Battle Field

Route 67, North Hoosick, NY

Small Enough to Know You, Large Enough to Serve You.

EXCAVATOR
FOR HIRE:
with rotary brush cutter;
22 ft reach. Mowing and
brush cutting of ponds,
steep hills, embankments
and roadways. We also
have multiple versatile
bush hogging and brush
cutting equipment for all
your needs.
Broestler BrushCutting
LLC.
Easton, NY
Fully Insured.
Free Estimates.
518-692-9074.

HIGHER CASH PAID

FOR COINS, jewelry, gold,
silver, watches, diamonds,
stamps, sports cards, sterling,
anything old. Call Dennis @
518-583-3479 or
1-800-498-3479.
DALE EARNHARDT Black
Wool Stetson Hat; #3 Signature Collection. Size 71/2 , L/
N , Never worn.. Stored in
plastic. Whitehall 518-4995080- OR- 518-812-5150.
vulcan02@hotmail.com.

WE FINANCE
EVERYONE!
01 OLDSMOBILE ALERO

2,995*

Auto,
Alloys,
Moonroof,
Cruise,
96+K mi.

06 CHEVY TRAILBLAZER

00 CHEVY
TON PICKUP
X-cab, auto,
4x4,
blue

COUNTRY
ELECTRIC LLC
Residential, Commercial, Industrial.All
types of wiring including service entrances, backup generators, new & rewiring of
homes, offices, barns,
motor controls, pools
& Spas, electric heat,
etc. Licensed Master
Electrician, fully
Insured, Free
Estimates
518-642-2271

751 Washington
Street
(Right behind
McDonalds)
Fair Haven
Vermont 05743

06 CHEVY IMPALA
$

Henry W. Pauquette

2010 TOYOTA CAMRY LE 4DSD Green, Low mileage 63185. Purch.6/6/

2014 with 62181 miles. Moon roof, DVD
player, automatic, large trunk, excellent condition.VIN# 4T1BF3EK0AU562828- Have
full Fax report from previous owner. I purchased it used. Eyesight is bad now and
have to sell.
lizzie31@nycap.rr.com
NOLAN N42E MOTORCYCLE HELMET FOR
SALE: This is for a brand new
Nolan N42E open face motorcycle helmet I purchased
last year. I found the helmet
was to big for me ,so I saved it
thinking my wife would use it.
Well she never did. It is black,
size medium, but I believe it
runs a little big in size. It also
has a opening on the side of
the helmet to put in a blue
tooth communication system.
It has a flip down tinted face
shield. This helmet sells for
$239.00 brand new. This one
is brand new and I am asking
$100.00 for it. That\s 139.00
less than you can find it on the
internet or in the stores Serious inquiries only please.
mormile1955@yahoo.com

03 CHEVY
TAHOE

518-793-3811
313 Quaker Road, Glens Falls, NY
www.dellahondagf.com

4,995*

5.3 V8,
Auto,
Moonroof,
PW, PL,
178+K mi.

10 CHRYSLER T&C TOURING

3.8 V6,
Auto,
Alloys,
$
12,995* 85+K mi.
08 FORD F-150 XL
4.2 V6,
Auto, 4x2,
Reg. Cab,
8 Ft. Bed,
$
8,995* 94+K mi.

www.eddavisautos.com 802-265-9994
*See website for finance price
Not Responsible For Typographical Errors

Napaul Publishers, Inc. April 10, 2015

ADVANCE
NOTICE:
MACHINERY
CONSIGNMENT
AUCTION
Saturday,
April 18th 2015
10 AM
8 McEachron Hill Rd.,
Argyle, NY

Work From Home or Office! Make 30k + Realtors

Wanted! Must have License or
Willing to Get BRYCE 9281231
High Taxes? We Can Help!
Hurry Grievance Day Coming
Soon BRYCE 271-7630
FOR
SALE:
Ar tisano
Highlights brown leather sofa,
chair, ottoman. Excellent
condition, used for guest
house furniture. No pets and
smoke free, Paid $6,000, asking
$2,500. Call 518-3211873.

FOR SALE:
Fein air corner sander-$45
(2) 8ft lengths of frame
straightening chain. Single
grab hook-$95 for both.
(1) 20 ft length of chain-$35
Storm Cat portable
generator; 800 rated watts/
900 max watts; 2 hp 2 stroke
engine-$135
Blue-Point AC charger with
adapters. White Industries
refrigerant recovery
recycling center. Both for
$285
Ridged 12 chop saw-$85
20 gal. shop vac-$25
DISCOVERIES
4498 State Route 9,
Routes 9 & 28,
Warrensburg, NY 12885
518-623-4567

Argyle Livestock
Station
Duane and Denise
Herrington, Cathy Ellis
Call Now
With Your
Consignments

518.638.8580
Accepting any farm
machinery, lawn/
garden items, tools,
antiques, etc.
Need to sell your home?
Call Al Konieczny @ Bryce
Real Estate 441-4353
Competitive , Reliable, Professional and Proven Service for
all your needs!

Schodack $37,500 1+Acre

Building Lot Ready to Go E
Green Schls, Al Konieczny @
BRYCE 441-4353
SPECIALTY LUMBER
Table tops, mantle pieces, rustic furniture stock. Select grade
hardwood lumber, including
butternut, cherry, oak, ash,
birch, etc. Call 518-4942747.
$ BUYING- HIGHEST
PRICES PAID $
Gold & silver jewelry; vintage costume & turquoise.
Coins, watches, knives, military, toys, antiques etc. 30+
years experience..save time,
call Joe first. 518-893-0235
or 518-669-2274
Move South! Sick of Cold?
Cash Paid! No Fees! Fair Price!
Brk 928-1231

NEW D
IFIE
CERT ES!
SCAL

Now Buying
Junk Cars $200 & Up

Scrap, Tin Taken In!

Also Buying: Copper, Brass &
Batteries per Lb.
HEDGES LAKE LOT FOR
SALE: 10' dock space included on water. $19,000.
518-858-2786.

ARE YOU A CAREGIVER? Caring for Ourselves Support

for Caregivers, meets 11am-12 at The Glens Falls Home ,
79 Warren St, Glens Falls March 4 & 18. Call 1-866-805-3931 for
info. Free & open to all caregivers.

Pittstown $314,900 Immaculate Custom Col. Overlooking Tomhannock Res.

Britnk Schl Al @ BRYCE
441-4353

Home Wanted to Rent!

Brunswick, Troy 3BR+ up to
$1200 BRYCE 271-7630

Schaghticoke $229k Ranch

Home on 5+Acres 30x40
barn with 2 Stalls & Tack Rm,
Pond Call Al Koniczny @
BRYCE 441-4353

3 POINT HITCH
POTATO PLANTER AND
PTO HYDRO POTATO
PICKER FOR SALE: Used
twice. $3200
203-488-9329 or
203-871-9172.

TIRES FOR SALE

Car,Truck, Dump Truck,
Tractor trailer.
NEW & USED.
CHRIS CONNOLLY
421-3608
753-4542

RONS AUTO
USED CAR SALES

38 Mumford Dr., Clarendon Springs,

W. Rutland, VT. 802-438-5434
06 CHEVY COLBALT 4 dr, auto, red .............. $3995
05 PONTIAC GRAND PRIX GT gold .............. $3495
05 SAAB LINEAR auto, loaded, silver ............. $3995
05 FORD F150 4x4, black, 1 owner ............... $4995
05 FORD FREESTAR V6, auto, gray .............. $1695
04 PONTIAC BONNEVILLE auto, silver ......... $3495
03 HYUNDAI ELANTRA GT auto, 137k, blk ... $2995
03 MITSUBISHI ECLIPSE GT auto, silver ..... $2995
03 DODGE DURANGO RT auto, black .......... $3695
03 CHEVY TRAILBLAZER auto, tan ............... $3495
02 OLDS BRAVADA V6, auto, black ................ $2895
02 DODGE DURANGO auto, gray ................. $3295
02 CHEVY MALIBU LS auto, brown ............... $2495
02 CHEVY CAVALIER Z24 5 spd, blue ............ $2695
02 NISSAN ALTIMA 1 owner, blk ..................... $2895
02 CHRYSLER 300M 4 dr, auto, blue ............. $3495
02 FORD FOCUS ZTS, 4 dr, autom, black ..... $1995
00 SAAB 93 4dr, auto, silver ............................ $2995
00 SEBRING LXI 4dr, autom, brown .............. $2995
99 VW PASSAT 120k ......................................... $895
99 TOYOTA COROLLA VE 4 cyl, 5 spd, blk ... $2495
98 DODGE DURANGO auto, red ................... $2495
98 VW PASSAT 4dr, auto, black ...................... $2495
SALE PRICED
05 SUBARU WAGON std, silver .................... $2800
05 CHEVY MALIBU V6, autom, tan ................ $1500
04 CHRYSLER SEBRING CONV autom, silver . $2000
02 SATURN SL 1 owner, silver ....................... $1000
02 SUBARU LTD 4 cyl, std, blk ...................... $1800
01 VOLVO S40 4dr, 4cyl, auto, red .................. $1500
01 FORD EXPLORER auto, silver .................. $1600
00 SATURN 4dr, 5 spd, maroon ...................... $1200
99 VOLKS PASSAT 120k .................................. $800
92 CHEVY K-Blazer autom, 2 dr .................... $1200

SEE OUR FULL SELECTION at

ronsautovt.sharepoint.com
Pittstown $259,900 Cedar
Log home on 5 Scenic Acres.
Man Cave Garage. Al
Konieczny @ BRYCE 4414353

McCartees Barn
Fine Art & Antiques
23 East Broadway,
Salem, NY
518-854-3857
Visit us on
Facebook
McCartees.Barn

CAROLS COLLECTIBLES

& Antiques

Books Glassware
Frames Artwork
Tools Toys
Housewares Furniture Jewelry
Plates & Dishes and so much more!

Open Daily Year-Round Multi-Dealer Shop

Debit
Cards

518.499.0728 Carol &Terry

84 Broadway, Route 22
Whitehall, NY

carolscollectibles.biz

NYC BUYER WANTS

WATERFRONT
HOME
OR CAMP. Good price.
Call Al at Bryce R.E.
518-441-4353.

WASHINGTON COUNTY NEW YORKS

CONTRIBUTION TO THE WAR

The 93rd Infantry Regiment Washington County Regiment; Morgan Rifles; Northern Sharpshooters; New York Riflemen History:
Mustered in: October 1861 to January 1862.
Mustered out: June 29, 1865.
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion,
3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912.
This regiment, Col. John S. Crocker, was organized at Albany February 1, 1862, by adding to the companies recruited by him those
recruited by Maj. B. C. Butler for a battalion of sharpshooters, A,
B, C and D, and one company, E, originally recruited for the 76th
Infantry. Major B. C. Butler had received authority from the War
Department, August 14, 1861, to recruit four battalions of sharpshooters. The regiment was mustered in the United States service
for three years between October, 1861, and January, 1862. In June,
1863, some of the three years men of the 22d Infantry were transferred to this. At the expiration of its term of enlistment the men
entitled thereto were discharged and the regiment continued in service, but consolidated in November and December, 1864, into seven
companies, A, C, D, E, F, Hand 1. June 2, 1865, the men of the
124th Infantry, not mustered out with their regiment, were transferred to this. The companies were recruited principally: A at
Chester; B Hobarts Company, 2d United States Sharpshooters at
Albany; C at Minerva; D at North Hamden; E at Cortland Village;
F at Fort Edward; G at Cambridge; H at Boston Bolton; I at Argyle, and K at Troy. The regiment left the State March 7, 1862;
served in Palmers Brigade, Caseys Division, 4th Corps, Army of
the Potomac, from March, 1862; Companies B, C, D, E, G and I at
the White House, Va., the other companies as Provost Guard, Army
of the Potomac, from May 19, 1862; the regiment, as such, from
July, 1862; in 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 2d Corps, Army of the
Potomac, from March, 1864, and it was honorably discharged and
mustered out, under Col. Haviland Gifford, June 29, 1865, near
Washington, D. C. During its service the regiment lost by death,
killed in action, 6 officers, 78 enlisted men; of wounds received in
action, 1 officer, 43 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 2
officers, 141 enlisted men; total, 9 officers, 262 enlisted men; aggregate, 271; of whom 1 officer. 22 enlisted men, died in the hands
of the enemy.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military
affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 records of the regiments in
the Union army cyclopedia of battles memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II.
Ninety-third Infantry.Cols., John S. Crocker, Samuel McConihe, Haviland Gifford; Lieut.-Cols., Benjamin C. Butler, Haviland
Gifford, Jay H. Northrup; Majs., Ambrose S. Cassidy, Samuel McConihe, Henry P. Smith, Jay H. Northrup, George Bushnell. The
93d, the Morgan Rifles, recruited mainly in Washington county,
was mustered into the service of the United States at Albany, from
Oct., 1861, to Jan., 1862. It left Albany, Feb. 14, 1862, with 998
members; camped at Rikers island, New York city; moved to
Washington on March 7; was there attached to Palmers brigade,
Caseys division and proceeded to the Peninsula on March 30. It
was present at the siege of Yorktown; fought at Lees mills, Williamsburg and in the Seven Days battles; and upon the return from
the Peninsula was present at Antietam and Fredericksburg, but
was not actively engaged, having been detailed to perform provost
guard duty at headquarters, a post occupied by the regiment for
about two years. At the opening of the Wilderness campaign, the
regiment, of which a large proportion had reenlisted, was assigned
to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, and showed its fighting
mettle at the Wilderness, where it lost 258 killed or wounded out of
433 engaged. It was constantly in action during the battles of that
month; at Cold Harbor in June, and upon the arrival of the army at
Petersburg, joined in the first assault, followed by engagements at
the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring
Church, the Boydton road, Hatchers run and in the Appomattox
campaign. The regiment remained at Petersburg until the end of
the siege and constantly displayed such gallantry in action and reliability in the performance of every duty that it well deserved the
reputation won as an unusually well-trained, efficient command
and as a fighting regiment. It lost during the term of service 128
by death from wounds and 143 by death from other causes.

Sergeant Campbell W. Wallace

Company C 93rd New York Infantry
Civil War Period

Surrender --Appomattox Court House,

Appomattox County, Virginia
April 9, 1865
Approximately 9,000 men under Gordon and Fitzhugh Lee deployed
in the fields west of the village before dawn and waited. The attack, launched before 8:00 a.m. and led by General Bryan Grimes
of North Carolina, was initially successful. The outnumbered Union
cavalry fell back, temporarily opening the road. But it was not to
be. Union infantry began arriving from the west and south, completing Lees encirclement. Meanwhile, Longstreets troops were
being pressed from the rear near New Hope Church, three miles
to the east. General Ulysses S. Grants goal of cutting off and
destroying Lees army was close at hand. Bowing to the inevitable,
Lee ordered his troops to retreat through the village and back across
the Appomattox River. Small pockets of resistance continued until
flags of truce were sent out from the Confederate lines between
10:00 and 11:00 a.m. Rather than destroy his army and sacrifice
the lives of his soldiers to no purpose, Lee decided to surrender the
Army of Northern Virginia. Although not the end of the war, the
surrender of Lees Army of Northern Virginia set the stage for its
conclusion. Through the lenient terms, Confederate troops were
paroled and allowed to return to their homes while Union soldiers
were ordered to refrain from overt celebration or taunting. These
measures served as a blueprint for the surrender of the remaining
Confederate forces throughout the South. Although a formal peace
treaty was never signed by the combatants, the submission of the
Confederate armies ended the war and began the long and difficult
road toward reunification.
Surrender at Appomattox, 1865.With his army surrounded, his
men weak and exhausted, Robert E. Lee realized there was little
choice but to consider the surrender of his Army to General Grant.
After a series of notes between the two leaders, they agreed to
meet on April 9, 1865, at the house of Wilmer McLean in the village of Appomattox Courthouse. The meeting lasted approximately
two and one-half hours and at its conclusion the bloodliest conflict
in the nations history neared its end.
Prelude to Surrender: On April 3, Richmond fell to Union troops
as Robert E. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia in retreat to the
West pursued by Grant and the Army of the Potomac. A running
battle ensued as each Army moved farther to the West in an effort
to out flank, or prevent being out flanked by the enemy. Finally, on
April 7, General Grant initiated a series of dispatches leading to a
meeting between the two commanders.
General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A. 5 P.M., April 7th, 1865.
The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern
Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty
to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of
blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia.U.S.
Grant, Lieutenant-General The note was carried through the Confederate lines and Lee promptly responded: April 7th, 1865.
General: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate
your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on
condition of its surrender.R.E. Lee, General. Grant received Lees
message after midnight and replied early in the morning giving his
terms for surrender:
April 8th, 1865. General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A.:Your note
of last evening in reply to mine of the same date, asking the conditions on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern
Virginia, is just received. In reply I would say that, peace being my
great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon,namely,
that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will designate officers to meet
any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point
agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms
upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be
received. U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General The fighting continued
and as Lee retreated further to the West he replied to Grants message: April 8th, 1865.General: I received at a late hour your note
of to-day. In mine of yesterday I did not intend to propose the
surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of
your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has
arisen to call for the surrender of this army, but, as the restoration
of peace should be the sole object of all, I desired to know whether
your proposals would lead to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet
you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia; but as
far as your proposal may affect the Confederate States forces
under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should
be pleased to meet you at 10 A.M. to-morrow on the old state road
to Richmond, between the picket-lines of the two armies.R.E. Lee,
General. Exhausted from stress and suffering the pain from a
severe headache, Grant replied to Lee around 5 oclock in the
morning of April 9. April 9th, 1865. General: Your note of yesterday is received. I have not authority to treat on the subject of peace.
The meeting proposed for 10 A.M. to-day could lead to no good. I
will state, however, that I am equally desirous for peace with yourself, and the whole North entertains the same feeling. The terms
upon which peace can be had are well understood. By the South
laying down their arms, they would hasten that most desirable event,
save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all our difficulties may
be settled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself,
etc.,U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General Still suffering his headache,
General Grant approached the crossroads of Appomattox Court
House where he was over taken by a messenger carrying Lees
reply. April 9th, 1865.General: I received your note of this morning on the picket-line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your proposal of yesterday with referenceto the surrender of this army. I now ask an
interview, in accordance with the offer contained in your letter of
yesterday, for that purpose.R.E. Lee, General. Grant immediately

dismounted, sat by the road and wrote the following reply to Lee.
April 9th, 1865. General R. E. Lee Commanding C. S. Army: Your
note of this date is but this moment (11:50 A.M.) received, in consequence of my having passed from the Richmond and Lynchburg
road to the Farmville and Lynchburg road. I am at this writing about
four miles west of Walkers Church, and will push forward to the
front for the purpose of meeting you. Notice sent to me on this
road where you wish the interview to take place will meet me. U.
S. Grant, Lieutenant-General.
Meeting: The exchange of messages initiated the historic meeting in the home of Wilmer McLean. Arriving at the home first,
General Lee sat in a large sitting room on the first floor. General
Grant arrived shortly and entered the room alone while his staff
respectfully waited on the front lawn. After a short period the staff
was summoned to the room. General Horace Porter described the
scene:
We entered, and found General Grant sitting at a marble-topped
table in the center of the room, and Lee sitting beside a small oval
table near the front window, in the corner opposite to the door by
which we entered, and facing General Grant. We walked in softly
and ranged ourselves quietly about the sides of the room, very much
as people enter a sick-chamber when they expect to find the patient dangerously ill. The contrast between the two commanders
was striking, and could not fail to attract marked attention they sat
ten feet apart facing each other. General Grant, then nearly fortythree years of age, was five feet eight inches in height, with shoulders slightly stooped. His hair and full beard were a nut-brown,
without a trace of gray in them. He had on a single-breasted blouse,
made of dark-blue flannel, unbuttoned in front, and showing a waistcoat underneath. He wore an ordinary pair of top-boots, with his
trousers inside, and was without spurs. The boots and portions of
his clothes were spattered with mud. He had no sword, and a pair
of shoulder-straps was all there was about him to designate his
rank. In fact, aside from these, his uniform was that of a private
soldier. Lee, on the other hand, was fully six feet in height, and
quite erect for one of his age, for he was Grants senior by sixteen
years. His hair and full beard were silver-gray, and quite thick,
except that the hair had become a little thin in the front. He wore a
new uniform of Confederate gray, buttoned up to the throat, and at
his side he carried a long sword of exceedingly fine workmanship,
the hilt studded with jewels. His top-boots were comparatively new,
and seemed to have on them some ornamental stitching of red silk.
Like his uniform, they were singularly clean, and but little travelstained. On the boots were handsome spurs, with large rowels. A
felt hat, which in color matched pretty closely that of his uniform,
and a pair of long buckskin gauntlets lay beside him on the table.
In response to Lees request, General Grant called for his manifold
order book and wrote out the terms of surrender. The leaves had
been so prepared that three impressions of the writing were made.
He wrote very rapidly, and did not pause until he had finished the
sentence ending with officers appointed by me to receive them.
Then he looked toward Lee, and his eyes seemed to be resting on
the handsome sword that hung at that officers side. He said afterward that this set him to thinking that it would be an unnecessary
humiliation to require officers to surrender their swords, and a great
hardship to deprive them of their personal baggage and horses, and
after a short pause he wrote the sentence: This will not embrace
the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage.
Grant handed the document to Lee. After reviewing it, Lee informed Grant that the Cavalry men and Artillery men in the Confederate Army owned their horses and asked that they keep them.
Grant agreed and Lee wrote a letter formally accepting the surrender. Lee then made his exit:
At a little before 4 oclock General Lee shook hands with General Grant, bowed to the other officers, and with Colonel Marshall
left the room. One after another we followed, and passed out to
the porch. Lee signaled to his orderly to bring up his horse, and
while the animal was being bridled the general stood on the lowest
step and gazed sadly in the direction of the valley beyond where his
army lay - now an army of prisoners. He smote his hands together
a number of times in an absent sort of way; seemed not to see the
group of Union officers in the yard who rose respectfully at his
approach, and appeared unconscious of everything about him. All
appreciated the sadness that overwhelmed him, and he had the
personal sympathy of every one who beheld him at this supreme
moment of trial. The approach of his horse seemed to recall him
from his reverie, and he at once mounted. General Grant now
stepped down from the porch, and, moving toward him, saluted him
by raising his hat. He was followed in this act of courtesy by all our
officers present; Lee raised his hat respectfully, and rode off to
break the sad news to the brave fellows whom he had so long
commanded.
Hence, the war ended. Well, a few generals fought on into the
summer, but, for all intents and purposes, it was over. The purposes
for which the war was fought were not fully resolved. The South
bitterly swallowed the anti-slavery pill, but, race relations did not
improve until some 100 years later when a brave minister brought
forth his own proclamations. Today, the families of former slaves
continue to suffer from the wounds of slavery. The causes? Political power mongers, race baters fanning the flames with monetary
gains in mind, journalistic malpractice.