0.

What do you know about acid by

Arrhenius, Brondted Lowry and Lewis
Jawab:
Arrhenius
: asam adalah zat
yang mengandung ion H+ jika dilarutkan
dalam air
Bronsted Lowry : asam adalah zat
yang mampu mendonorkan proton
Lewis
: asam adalah zat
yang menerima pasangan elektron
1. Write the chemical equation for the
autoionization of water and the
equilibrium law for Kw?
Jawab:
Autoionisation of water is H2O
H+ + OHH2O
H+ + OHK
=
K [H2O]= [H+] [OH-]
Kw
= [H+] [OH-]
2. How are acidic, basic, and neutral
solutions in water defined
a. in terms of [H+] and [OH-] and
b. in terms of pH ?
Jawab:
a. Acidic = [H+] > [OH-]
Basic = [H+] < [OH-]
Neutral = [H+] = [OH-]
b. pH 7 neutral ( 298 K )
pH < 7 acid ( 298K )
pH < 7 basic ( 298 K )
3. At the temperature of the human body,
37oC, the value of Kw is 2.4 x 10-14.
Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH
of pure water at this temperature. What
is the relation between pH, pOH, and
Kw at this temperature? Is water neutral
at this temperature?
Jawab:
d1 :
T = 37oC = 310 K
Kw = 2.4 x 10-14
d2 :
[H+], [OH-], pH, pOH
d3 :

H2O H+ + OHKw
=
Kw
= [H+] [OH-]
2.4 x 10-14 = x2
x
=
x
= 1.549 x 10-7
+
[H ]
= 1.549 x 10-7
[OH ]
= 1.549 x 10-7
pH
= - log [H+]
= - log (1.549 x 10-7)
= 7 log 1.549
= 6.8099
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log (1.549 x 10-7)
= 7 log 1.549
= 6.8099
Pada suhu ini, pH = pOH yang
merupakan pKw. Air bersifat netral
4. Deuterium oxide, D2O, ionizes like
water. At 20C its Kw, or ion product
constant analogous to that of water, is
8.9 x 10-16. Calculate [D+] and [OD-] in
deuterium oxide at 20C. Calculate also
the pD and the pDO.
Jawab:
d1 = Kw = 8.9 x 10-16
T = 20C
D2OD+ + ODd2 = [D+], [OD-], pD, pOD = ...?
d3

= [D+] = [OD-]

pD
pOD

=
=
= 2.98 x 10-16
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53

5. Calculate the H+ concentration in each

of the following solutions in which the
hydroxide ion concentrations are :
a. 0.0024 M
b. 1.4 x 10-5 M
c. 5.6 x 10-9 M

d. 4.2 x 10-13 M
Jawab:
a. [OH-] = 2.4 x 10-3 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 2.4 x 10-3
= 3 - log 2.4
pH
= 14- (3- log 2.4 )
= 11 + log 2.4
= 11.38
[H+] = 10-11.38
= 4.168 x 10-12 M
b. [OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.4 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.4
pH = 14- (5- log 1.4 )
= 9 + log 1.4
= 9.146
[H+] = 10-9.146
= 7.145 x 10-10 M
c. [OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 5.6 x 10-9
= 9 - log 5.6
pH = 14- (9- log 5.6 )
= 5 + log 5.6
= 5.748
[H+] = 10-5.748
= 1.786 x 10-6 M
d. [OH ] = 4.2 x 10-13 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 4.2 x 10-13
= 13 - log 4.2
pH = 14- (13- log 4.2 )
= 1 + log 4.2
= 1.62
+
[H ] = 10-1.62
= 2.4 x 10-2M
6. Calculate the OH- concentration in each
of following solutions in which the
hydrogen ion concentrations are
a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
b. 0.0065 M
c. 2.5 x 10 -13 M

d. 7.5 x 10 -5 M
Jawab:
OH- if H+
a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
pH = 8- log 3,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (8 - log 3,5)
= 6 + log 3,5
= 6,5
OH- = 10 -6,5
b. 0.0065 M = 6.5 x 10-3
pH = 3- log 6,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (3 - log 6,5)
= 11 + log 6,5
= 11,8
OH- = 10 -11,8
c. 2,5 x 10 -13 M
pH = 13- log 2,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (13 - log 2,5)
= 1 + log 2,5
= 1,39
OH = 10 -1,39
d. 7,5 x 10-5 M
pH = 5- log 7,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (5 - log 7,5)
= 9 + log 7,5
= 9,8
OH = 10 -9,8
7. A certain brand of beer had a hydrogen
ion concentration equal to 1.9 x 10-5 mol
L-1.What is the pH of the beer?
Jawab:
pH = -log [H+]
= -log [1.9 x10-5]
= 5-log 1.9
pH = 5 - 0.28
pH = 4.72
8. A soft drink was put on the market with
[ ] = 1,4 x
pH?
Jawab:

mol

. What it's

pH = - log [H+]
-5

= - log 1,4 x 10
pH = 5 - log 1,4
9. Calculate the pH of each of the solutions
in Exercises 5 and 6.
Jawab:
Exercise 5
a. [OH-] = x.M
= 2.4 x 10-3
pOH = - log [2.4 x 10-3]
= 3 - log 2.4
pH
= 14 - (3 - log 2.4)
= 11 + log 2.4
b. [OH-] = x.M
= 1.4 x 10-5
pOH = - log [1.4 x 10-5]
= 5 - log 1.4
pH
= 14 - (5 - log 1.4)
= 9 + log 1.4
c. [OH-] = x.M
= 5.6 x 10-9
pOH = - log [5.6 x 10-9]
= 9 - log 5.6
pH
= 14 - (9 - log 5.6)
= 5 + log 5.6
d. [OH-] = x.M
= 4.2 x 10-13
pOH = - log [4.2 x 10-13]
= 13 - log 4.2
pH
= 14 - (13 - log 4.2)
= 1 + log 4.2
Exercise 6
a. [H+] = 3.5 x 10-8
pH
= - log [3.5 x 10-8]
= 8 - log 3.5
b. [H+] = 6.5 x 10-3
pH
= - log [6.5 x 10-3]
= 3 - log 6.5
c. [H+] = 2.5 x 10-13
pH
= - log [2.5 x 10-13]
= 13 - log 2.5
d. [H+] = 7.5 x 10-5
pH
= - log [7.5 x 10-5]
= 5 - log 7.5

10. Calculate the molar concentrations of

H+ and OH- in solution that have the
following pH values.
a. 3.14
b. 2.78
c. 9.25
d. 13.24
e. 5.70
Jawab:
We have,
a. pH = 3.14
so,
pOH = 14 - 3.14 = 10.86
[H+] = 10 - 3.14
[OH-] = 10 - 10.86
b. pH = 2.78
so,
pOH = 14 - 2.78 = 11.22
[H+] = 10 - 2.78
[OH-] = 10 - 11,22
c. pH = 9.25
so,
pOH = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75
[H+] = 10 - 9.25
[OH-] = 10 - 4.75
d. pH = 13.24
so,
pOH = 14 - 13.24 = 0.76
[H+] = 10 - 13.24
[OH-] = 10 - 0.76
e. pH = 5.70
so,
pOH = 14 - 5.70 = 8.30
[H+] = 10 - 5.70
[OH-] = 10 - 8.30
11. Calculate the molar concentration of H+
and OH- in solution that have the
following pOH values .
a. 8.26
b. 10.25
c. 4.65
d. 6.18
e. 9.70
Jawab:
a.
pOH = 8.26
[ OH- ]
= antilog 8.26
= 10 -8.26
= 5x10-9 M
pH = 14 - 8.26 = 5.74
[ H+ ]
= antilog 5.74

b.

c.

d.

e.

= 10 -5.74
= 1.819x10-6 M
pOH = 10.25
[ OH- ]
= antilog 10.25
= 10 -10.25
= 5.6x10-11 M
pH = 14 - 10.25 = 3.75
[ H+ ]
= antilog 3.75
= 10 -3.75
= 1.77827x10-4 M
pOH = 4.65
[ OH- ]
= antilog 4.65
= 10 -4.65
= 2.2387x10-5 M
pH = 14 - 4.65 = 9.35
[ H+ ]
= antilog 9.35
= 10 -9.35
= 4.467x10-10 M
pOH = 6.18
[ OH- ]
= antilog 6.18
= 10 -6.18
= 6.6x10-7 M
pH = 14 - 6.18 = 7.82
[ H+ ]
= antilog 7.82
= 10 -7.82
= 1.5x10-8 M
pOH = 9.70
[ OH- ]
= antilog 9.70
= 10 -9.70
= 1.995x10-10 M
pH = 14 - 9.70 = 4.3
[ H+ ]
= antilog 4.3
= 10 -4.3
= 5.0118x10-5 M

12. What is the pH of 0.010 M HCl ?

Jawab:
Ma
[H+]

pH

= 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
= x . Ma
= 1 . 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
= 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
= - log [1 x 10-2]
=2

13. What is the pH of 0.0050 M solution of

HNO3 ?
Jawab:
[H+] = x . Ma
= 1 x 5 x 10-3
= 5 x 10-3
pH = - log [ H+]
= - log 5 x 10-3
= 3 - log 5
14. A sodium hydroxide solution is
prepared by dissolving 6.0 g NaOH in
1.00 L of solution. What is the pOH and
the pH of the solution?
Jawab:
D1
: m NaOH
= 6.0 gram
V larutan
= 1.00 L
Mr NaOH = 40
D2
: pOH and pH = .....?
D3:
[NaOH]

[OH-]
pOH

pH

= x
= 0.15 M
= 0.15 M
= 1.5 x 10-1 M
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-1
= 1 - log 1.5
= 0.824
= 14 - 0.824
= 13.176

15. A solution was made by dissolving

0.837 g Ba(OH)2 in 100 mL final
volume. What is the pOH and the pH of
the solution?
Jawab:
D1: mass Ba(OH)2
= 0.837 g
Mr Ba(OH)2 = 171
V
= 100 mL
D2: pOH and pH of solution = ?
D3 :

Massa HCl

= mol HCl. Mr HCl

= 7,9. 10-4 . 36,5
= 288,35. 10-4 gram
= 2,8835. 10-4 gram

18. Write the chemical equation for the

ionization of each of the following weak
acids in water (For any polyprotic acids
, write only the equation for the first
step in the ionization).
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+
Jawab:
a.
HNO2
H+ + NO2b. H3PO4
16. A solution of Ca(OH)2 has a measured
pH of 11.60. What is the molar
concentration of Ca(OH)2 in the
solution?
Jawab:
pOH = pKw - pH
=14 - 11.60
=2.4
pOH = - log [OH-]
[OH-] = 10-2.4
= 3.98 x 10-3
Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Ca2+ (aq)+ 2OH- (aq)
[Ca(OH)2]=
= 1.99 x 10-3
So, [Ca(OH)2] = 1.99 x 10-3
17. A solution of HCl has a pH of 2.50.
How many grams of HCl are there in
250 mL of this solution.
Jawab:
HCl
H+ +ClpH HCl
=2,5
[HCl] = [H+]= 3,16. 10-3M
Mol HCl
= M HCl. V HCl
=3,16. 10-3 . 2,5. 10-1
= 7,9. 10-4 mol

3H+ + PO43-

c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+

AsO43- + H+
(CH3)3N + H+

19. For each of the acids in exercise 18,

write the appropriate Ka expression
Jawab:
a. HNO2
H+ + NO2b. H3PO4
c. HAsO4 2d. (CH3)3NH+

3 H+ + PO43H+ + AsO43(CH3)3N + H+

20. Write the chemical equation for the

ionization of each of following weak
bases in water.
a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2
Jawab:

a. (CH3)3N + H2O CH3 N

H + OHCH3
32b. AsO4 + H2O HAsO4 + OHc. NO2- + H2O HNO2 + OH+

d. (CH3)2N2H2 + H2O H N
NH2 + OHCH3 CH3
21. For each of the bases in Exercise 20,
write the appopriate Kb expression.
Jawab:
a. (CH3)3N + H2O
(CH3)3NH+
+ OH

b. AsO43- +H2O
H3AsO4 + H2O
c. NO2- + H2O

H3AsO4+ 3OHAs(OH)5
HNO2 + OH-

d. (CH3)2N2H2 + H2O
(CH3)3NH3+ + OH-

22. Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is an organic

acid whose sodium salt, C6H5CO2Na,
has long been used as a safe foods
additive to protect beverages and many
foods againts harmful yeasts
and
bacteria. The acid is monoprotic. Write
the equation for it's Ka !
Jawab:
C6H5COOH+NaOH
C6H5COONa
+ H2O
C6H5COOH
C6H5COOH + H+
Ka
23. Write the equation for the equilibrium
that the benzoate ion, C6H5CO2- (review

exercise 22), would produce in water as

functions as a Bronsted base. Then write
the expression for the Kb of the
conjugate base of benzoic acid.
Jawab:
C6H5CO2- + H2O
C6H5OH +
OH
Kb =
24. The pKa of HCN is 9.21 and that of HF
is 3.17. Which is the strong Bronsted
base CN or F?
Jawab:
pKa HCN=9.21 Ka HCN= 6.1710-10
pKa HF = 3.17 Ka HF = 6.7610-4
Kb CN =

= 0.1610-4

Kb F =
= 0.1510-10
So, the strong Bronsted base is CN
25. The Ka for HF is 6.8 x 10x. what is the
Kb for F-?
Jawab:
HF
H+ + FKw
= Ka x Kb
-14
10
= 6.8x10-4 x Kb
Kb
= 1.47x10-11
26. The barbiturate ion C4HO has Kb = 1,0
x 10-10 . What is Ka for Barbituric acid ?
Jawab: Kw = Kb x Ka
10-14 = 1,0 x 10 -10 x Ka
Ka =
Ka = 10 -4
27. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a week acid
with Ka = 1.8 x 10-12. What the value of
Kb for the HO2 ion?
Jawab:
Kb

=
=

= 5.56 x 10-3
28. Methylamine,
CH3NH2
resambles
ammonia in odor and basicity. Its Kb is
4.4 x 10-4. Calculate the Ka of its
conjugate acid!
Jawab:
Ka

10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the Ka and pKa

for periodic acid!
Jawab:
3.8 x 10-2 =
( 3.8 x 10-2 )2 = Ka x 0.1
1.44 x 10-3 = Ka x 0.1

Ka =
Ka = 1.44 x 10-2

=
= 2.27 x 10-11
29. Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is responsible for
the sour taste of sour milk. At 25oC its
Ka = 1.4 x 10-4. What is the Kb of its
conjugate base, tha lactate ion, C3H5O3-?
Jawab:
Kw = Ka xKb
10-14 = 1.4 x 10-4 x Kb
Kb
Kb

=
= 7.14 x 10-11

30. Iodic acid, HIO3 has a pKa of 0.77

a. What is the formula an the Kb of
its conjugate base?
b. Its is conjugate base a stronger or
a weaker base than the acetate ion?
Jawab:
a. the formula
HIO3
H+ = IO3pKa = 0.77
Ka = 5,88 x 10 -1
Ka x Kb = 10-14
Kb =
= 1,7 x 10-14
b. Ka CH3COO- = 1,8 x 10-5
Kb CH3COO- = 5,5 x 10-10
SO, HIO3= is stronger conjugate base
then asetate ion.
31. Periodic acid,HIO4,is an important
oxidizing agent and a moderately strong
acid. In a 0.10 M solution , [H+] = 3.8 x

pKa = -log Ka
= -log (1.44 x 10-2)
= 2 - log 1.44
pKa = 1.84
32. Choloacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a
stronger monoprotic acid than acetic
acid. In a 0,10 M solution, this acid is 11
% ionized. Calculate the Ka and pKa for
Choloacetic acid.
Jawab:
=
0,11 =
= (0,11)2 x 0,1
= 1,21 x
= 3 - log 1,21
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log 1,21x
33. Ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, has a strong,
pungent odor similar to that ammonia.
Like ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A
0.10 M solution has a pH of 11.86.
Calculate the Kb and pKb for
ethylamine.
Jawab:
M = 0.1 mol/L
pH = 11.86
pOH = 14 - 11.86 = 2.14
[OH-] = 7.2 x 10-3

7.2 x 10-3
5.184 x 10-5 : 0.1 = Kb
Kb = 5.184 x 10-4
34. Hidroxylamine, HONH2, like ammonia,
is a Bronsted base. A 0.15 M solution
has a pH of 10.12. What are Kb and
pKb for Hidroxylamine?
Jawab:
[OH-] =
10-3.88 =
10 -7.76 =
Kb =
Kb = 1.158 x 10 -7
pKb = - Log Kb
= - Log 1.158 x 10 -7
= 7 Log 1.158
= 6.936
35. Refer to data in the preceding question
to calculate the percentage ionization of
the base in 0.15 M HONH2.
Jawab:
:

= 0.000878

36. What is the pH of 0.125 M pyruvic acid

? It's Ka is 3.2 x 10-3
Jawab:
Ma = 0.125 mol/liter
Ka = 3,2 x 10-3
[H+]

pH

37. What is pH of 0.15 M HN3 ? for HN3,

Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
Jawab:
[H+] =
=
=
= 1.64 x 10-3
pH = - log [ H+]
= -log 1.64 x 10-3
= 3 - log 1.64
38. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of
hydrogen peroxide, H2O2? For this
solute, Ka = 1.8 x 10-2
Jawab:
H2O2
O2 + 2H+ + 2e[H+]

pH

=
= 0.134 M
= - log [H+]
= - log 0.134
= 0.87

39. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is

sometimes used as a disinfectant. What
are the concentrations of all of the
substance in a 0.050 M solution of
phenol, HC6H50? What percentage of
the phenol is ionized? For this acid, Ka=
1.3 x 10-10
Jawab:

=
=

=
= 2 x 10-2
= - log [2 x 10-2]
= 2 - log 2
= 2 - 0.301
= 1.699

B
R
A

HC6H5O
0.05

C6H50 +
-

H+
-

2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6 2.55x10-6

0.05 - 2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6
2.55 x 10-6

40. Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted

from crude opium, is a weak base with a
pKb of 5.79. What will be the pH of a
0.020 M solution of codeine? (Use Cod
as a symbol for codeine)
Jawab:
pKb = - log Kb
Kb = 10 -5.79 = 10 -6
[OH-]=
=
=
= 1.4 x 10 -4
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.4 x 10 -4
= 4 - log 1.4
= 4 - 0.146
= 3.854
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3.854
= 10.146
So, pH of Cod = 10.146
41. Deuteroammonia, ND3, is a weak base
with a pKb of 4.96 at 25oC. What is the
pH of a 0.20 M solution of this
compound?
Jawab:
[OH]

=
=

=
= 1,48. 10-3
pOH = 3-log 1,48
pH = 14 - (3-log 1,48)
= 11+ log 1,48
= 11,17

42. A solution of acetic acid has a pH of

2.54. What is the concentration of acetic
acid in this solution ?
Jawab:
pH
= - log [H+]
2.54
= - log [H+]
[H+]
= 10-2.54
+
[H ]
= 2.88 x 10-3
[H+]

2.88 x 10-3 =
(2.88 x 10-3)2= 1.8 x 10-3 x Ma
= 1.8 x 10-5 x Ma
3.2 x 10-1 = Ma
0.32
= Ma
43. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a
monoprotic acid whose Ka value is 3,27
x 10-4. does a solution of the sodium salt
of aspirin in water test acidic, basic, or
neutral ? Explain
Jawab:
The sodium salt of aspirin is basic, because
it from acetylsalyclic acid and sodium
hydroxide. Weaker acid with stronger base
want to produce basic salt or if sodium
hydroxide dissolved in water to produce
acetylsalicyclic acid and OHNaAcetylsalicyclic + H2O
HAcetylsalicyclic + OH44. The Kb value of the oxalate ion, C2O42-,
is 1.9x10-10. Is a solution of K2C2O4
acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain.
Jawab:
K2C2O4 merupakan basa karena K2C2O4
merupakan garam yang terbentuk dari basa
kuat dan asam lemah sehingga garamnya
bersifat basa. K2C2O4 dapat diperoleh dari
mereaksikan basa kuat yaitu KOH dan asam
lemah H2C2O4.
Reaksi:
H2C2O4 + 2 KOH K2C2O4 + 2 H2O
45. Consider the following compounds and
suppose that 0.5M solutions are

prepared of each : NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4,

KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr.
Write the formulas of those that have
solutions that are
a. Acidic,
b. Basic, and
c. Neutral.
Jawab :
a. Acidic is (NH4)2SO4 and CsNO3
b. Basic is KF, KCN, KC2H3O2
c. Neutral is NaI and KBr
46. Will an aqueous solution of ALCl3 turn
litmus red or blue ? explain?
Jawab:
yes it will. based on Lewis' acid-base
theory , AlCl3 is an acid . because its
configuration have a vacant orbital . it
means that the central atom of AlCl3 is
not octet yet . so we can assume that
AlCl3 is an acidic acid based on Lewis'
acid-base theory.
Berdasrkan teori asam basa Lewis ,
senyawa AlCl3 merupakan senyawa
yang bersifat asam karena atom
pusatnya belum mencapai konfigurasi
oktet atau bisa dikatakan masih
mempunyai orbital kosong. Jadi, larutan
AlCl3 dapat merubah warna kertas
lakmus biru menjadi merah karena sifat
keasamannya
47. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more
acidic cation than the calcium ion.
Jawab:
in the periodic system of elements, Be is
located above Ca so it is more likely to
be acidic because of the periodic system
of elements in one group the greater the
atomic number or from top to the down
it will be more likely to be basic. So,
beryllium ion is a more acidic cation
than the calcium ion.
48. Ammonium nitrate is commonly used in
fertilizer mixtures as a source of
nitrogen for plant growth. What effect,

if any, will this compound have on the

acidity of the moisture in the ground?
Explain.
Jawab:
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
NH4NO3 NH4+ + NO3
NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+
NO3 + H2O
If any this compound in the ground, the
acidity of the moisture in the ground
will increase. There is H3O+ as a
product from the chemical equations
above.
49. Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NaCN.
Jawab:
[NaCN] = 0.20 M
[OH-] =
=
=

pOH
pH

= 1.82x10-5
= 5 - Log 1.82
= 9 + Log 1.82

50. Calculate the pH of 0,04 M KNO2 ?

Jawab:
KNO2
K+ + NO2+
K + H2O
NO2- + H2O

HNO2 + [OH-]
[OH-] =

x [NO2]

=
x
= 10 -12
pOH = 12
pH = 2
51. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M CH3NH3Cl.
For CH3NH2, Kb = 4.4 x 10-4
Jawab:
[H+]

(6.9 x 10-6)2 = 5.5 x 10-10 x

=
= 1.846 x 10-6
= - log [H+]
= - log (1.846 x 10-6)
= 6 - log 1.846
= 5.734

pH

52. A weak base B forms the salt BHCl,

composed of the ions BH+ and Cl-. A
0.15 M solution of the salt has a pH of
4.28. What is the value of Kb for the
base B?
Jawab:
pOH
= 14 - 4.28
= 9.72
[OH-]
= 10-9.27
= 1.9 x 10-10
[OH-]

5.5 x 10-10 x gram NH4Br =

4.761 x 10-11 x 76
Massa NH4Br = 6.5 gram
54. The conjugate acid of a molecular base
has a hypohetical formula. BH+, and has
pKa of 5.00. A solution of salt of this
cation, BHY, tests slightly basic. Will
the conjugate acid of Y-, HY, have a
pKa greater than 5.00 or less than 5.00?
explain
Jawab:
Conjugate acid is BH+ that pKa = 5
BHOH BH+ + OHpKa=5,
Ka = 10-5
BHOH + HY BHY + H2O
BHY BH+ + Y-

-10

1.9 x 10
=
3.61 x 10-20 = Kb x 0.15
Kb
= 24.067 x 10-20
= 2.4067 x 10-19
53. Calculate the number of grams of
NH4Br that have to be dissolved in 1.00
L of water at 25oC to have a solution
with a pH of 5.16 !
Jawab:
pH = 5.16
[H+] = 10-5.16
= 6.9 x 10-6
M NH4Br =
=
=

[H+] =
6.9 x10-6 =

[ OH-] =
=
=
=
= 10-5 x [BHY] x 10
pOH
= 5 - log [BHY]
pOH
= pKa HY
So, pKa less than 5
55. Many drugs that are natural Bronsted
bases are put into aqueous solution as
their much more soluble salt with strong
acids.
The
powerful
painkiller
morphine, for example, is very slightly
soluble in water, but morphine nitrate is
quite soluble. We may represent
morphine by the symbol Mor and its
conjugate acid as H-Mor+. The pKb of
morphine is 6.13. What is the calculated
pH of a 0.20 M solution of H-Mor+?
Jawab:
pKb = 6.13
Kb = 10-pKb

= 10-6.13
Kb = 7.41 x 10-7
+ H2O
+ OH-

Mor
Mor+
0.2 M

H0.2 M

[OH-]=
=
= 7.41 x 10-7
pOH= 7 - log 7.41
=6.13
So, pH = 14 - 6.13
= 7.87
56. Quinine, an important drug in treating
malaria, is a weak Bronsted base that we
may represent as Qu. To make it more
soluble in water, it is put into a solution
as its conjugate acid, which we may
represent as H. What is the
calculate pHof a 0,15 M solution of H? Its pKa is 8,52 at 25 0C.
Jawab:
D1

: [H-

] = 0,15 M, pKa = 8,52

H+ H2 O
D2 : pH....?
D3 : pKa = 8,52
pKa = - log Ka
8,52 = - log Ka

Qu+H3

pH = - log
= - log 2,13 x
pH = 5 - log 2,13
57. Generally, under what conditions are we
unable to use the initial concentration of
an acid or base as though it were the
equilibrium concentration in the mass
action expression?
Jawab:
Initial concentration is unable to
calculate equilibrium concentration
when mole of both of components
which react is same.
58. What is the percentage ionization in a
0.15 M solution of HF ? What is the pH
of the solution ?
Jawab:
D1 : M HF = 0.15 Molar
Ka HF = 6.5 X 10-4
D2 : pH ?
D3

: [H+] =
=
= 9.87 x 10-3
pH = - Log [H+]
= - Log 9.87 x 10-3
= 3 - Log 9.87
= 2.00568

Ka = 3,02 x
H+ H2O
M 0,15
R

Qu + H3
-

S 0,15 -

59. What is the percentage ionization in

0.0010 M acetic acid ? What is the pH
of the solution?
Jawab:

:
Ka =

[ H+ ] =

= 0.134
=

= 1.34x10-4
pH = -log 1.34x10-4 = 4 log
1.34 = 3.8729

3,02 x
3,02x
= 2,13 x

60. What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-7 M

solution of HCl ?
Jawab:

-7

Ma = 1.0 x 10 mol/liter
Dalam hal ini berlaku ketentuan :
[H+] [OH-]
= Kw
[Cl-]
= [HCl]
[H+]
= [OH-] + [Cl-] ;
prinsip penetralan muatan

pH = - log 1,62 x 10-7 = 6.79

61. The hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4-, is a
moderately strong Bronsted acid with a
Ka of 1.0x10-2.
a. Write the chemical equation for the
ionization of the acid and give the
appropriate Ka expression.
b. What is the value of [ H+] in 0.010 M
HSO4- (furnished by the salt,
NaHSO4) ? Do NOT make
simplifying assumptions; solve the
quadratic equation.
c. What is the calculate of [H+] in 0.010
M HSO4-, obtained by using the
usual simplifying assumption?
d. How much error is produced by
incorrectly using the simplifying
assumption?
Jawab:
a. HSO4H+ + SO42-

b. Ka =
[SO42-]

because [H ] =

So, . Ka =
[H+] 2= Ka x [HSO4-]

[H+]2 = 10-2 x 10-2

10-2

[H+] =

c. [H+] =
=
= 1 x 10-2
d. The error has happened in using the
simplifying assumption is 0 %
because product of point c is equal to
with point b.
62. Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a
powerful sunscreening agent whose salt
were once used widely in suntanning......
The parent acid, which we may
symbolize as H-Paba, is a weak acid
with a pKa of 4.92 (.....oC). What is the
[H+] and pH of 0.030 M solution of this
acid?
Jawab:
15. Given
: pKa H- Paba = 4.92
[H-Paba]
=
0.030 M
Asked
: [H+] and pH = ...?
Solution
:
NH2

COOH

COO- + H+
pKa
4.92
Ka

= - log Ka
= - log Ka
= 1.2 x 10-5

Ka

1.2 x 10-5

[H+]
[H+]

=
= 6 x 10-4

pH

= - log [H+]
= 4 - log 6

= 3.22

NH2

63. Barbituric acid, HC4H3N2O3 (which we

will abbreviate H-Bar), was discovered
by the Nobel Prize-winning organic
chemist Adolph von Baeyer and named
after his friend, Barbara. It is the parent
compound of widely sleeping drugs, the
barbituretes. Its pKa is 4.01. what is the
[H+] and pH of a 0.050 M solution of HBar?
Jawab:
D1: pKa
= 4.01
M
= 0.050 mol/L

b. NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the

"phosphate" buffer in side body
cells)
c. NH4Cl and NH3
Jawab:
a. H2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq)
NaHCO3(aq)
+ H2O(l)
Ionic equation:
2H+ (aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Na+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) + H2O (l)
Weak acid : H2CO3
Conjugation base : HCO3-

D2 : [H+] and pH = ?

b. H3PO4 (aq)+ NaOH (aq)

NaH2PO4(aq)
+ H2O
Ionic equation:
3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Na+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
H2PO4(aq) + NaOH (aq)
HPO4 (aq)
+ H2O (l)
Ionic equation:
Na+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq) + Na+ (aq) +
OH(aq)
2Na+(aq) + HPO42-(aq) +
H2O(l)
Weak acid : H2PO4Conjugation base : HPO42-

D3 :

c. NH3(aq) + HCl (aq)

NH4Cl (aq)
Ionic equation:
NH3(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Weak base : NH3
Conjugation acid : NH4+

64. Write ionic equation that illustrate how

each pair of compounds can serve as a
buffer pair.
a. H2CO3 and NaHCO3 (the
"carbonate" buffer in blood)

65. Which buffer would be better able to

hold a steady pH on the addition of
strong acid, buffer 1 or buffer 2?
Explain.
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M
NH4Cl and 1 M NH3.
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M
NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3.
Jawab:
D1: a. buffer 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M
NH3
b. buffer1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3

d2: buffer would be better able to hold a

steady pH=?
D3: pH larutan a sebelum ditambah asam
kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-4
= 4- log 1,8
pOH = 3,745
pH = 10,255
pH larutan b sebelum ditambah asam
kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-6
= 6- log 1,8
pOH = 5,74
pH = 8,26
pH larutan a setelah ditambah asam kuat
Misalnya asam kuat yang ditambahkan
HCl 0.05 M

Perubahan pH larutan a sebelum

ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan a
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (10,255 8,78)
= 1,475
Perubahan pH larutan b sebelum
ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan b
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (8,26 7,935)
= 0,325
Kesimpulannya larutan penyangga yang
pHnya cenderung hanya berubah sedikit
adalah larutan b karena perubahan
pHnya hanya 0,325
66. What is the pH of a solution that
contains 0.15 M HC2H3O2 and 0.25 M
C2H3O2-? Use Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 for
HC2H3O2
Jawab:
D1 : C2H2H3O2 H+ +C2H3O2M HC2H3O2 : 0.15 M
M C2H3O2- : 0.25 M
D2
: pH .?
D3
:

[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
-5

=1,8 .10
= 6. 10-6
= 6- log 6
pOH = 5,22
pH = 8,78
pH larutan b setelah ditambah asam
kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 8,6. 10-7
= 7- log 8,6
pOH = 6,065
pH = 7,935

1.8x10-5
=
-5
1.8x10 x 0.15 = 0.25 x [H+]
= [H+]
1.08 x 10
= [H+]
pH
= -log 1.08 x 10-5
= 5-log 1.08
= 5-0.033
= 4.967
-5

67. Rework the preceding problem using the

Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to write
the poper chemical equation and
equilibrium law )
Jawab:
D1 : M HC2H3O2 = 0.15 M
M C2H3O2- = 0.25 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10 -5

D2: pH dengan menggunakan Kb dari

ion asetat
D3:

Atau dengan cara lain

68. By how much will the pH change if

0.050 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L off
the buffer in Exercise 66.
Jawab:
[H+] = Ka x
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
=1.081 x 10-5
pH= -log [H+]
= - log 1.081 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.081
= 4.9664
Perubahan pH= 4.9666 - 4.9664
= 0,0002
Perubahan pH sangat kecil karena
jumlah HCL yang di tambahkan sangat
sedikit sedangkan volume buffernya
besar.
69. By how much will the pH change if 50.0
mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to 500mL
of the buffer in Exercise 66.
Jawab:
D1 : 500 mL of Buffer that contain 0,15
M HC2H3O2 and 0,25 M C2H3O2- ?
Ka = 1,8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2
D2 : How much will pH Change ?
D3:
HC2H3O2 + NaOH

m = 75 mmol 5 mmol
r = 5 mmol 5 mmol _
s = 70 mmol
0

C2H3O2Na + H2O

125 mmol
5 mmol
130 mmol

70. A buffer is prepared containg 0.25 M

NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+
a. calculate the pH of the buffer using
the Kb for NH3
b. calculate the pH of the buffer using
the Ka for NH4+
Jawab:
NH3 (aq) + H2O(l)
NH4+ (aq) + OHa. misal Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 dan volume
larutan dianggap sama , maka
[OH-]=Kb .
= Kb .
= Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 . 1.7857143
= 3.21428574 x 10-5
pOH = 5 - log 2.21428574
pOH = 4.492915518
pH = 9.507084482
b.
misal Ka = 10-5
[H+] = Ka

= 0.56x10-5
= 5.6x10-6
pH
= 6 - log 5.6
pH = 5.25
If added 0.020mol HCl

= 10-5
= 10-5
= 10-5 x 0.56
= 5.6 x 10-6
pH = 6 - log 5.6
71. By how much will the pH change if
0.020 mL of HCl is added to 1.00 L of
the buffer in Exercise 70?
Jawab:
D1 : Buffer
0.25 NH3 and 0.14 NH4+ 1.00 L
D2 : the change of pH if 0.020 mol HCl
is added to 1.00 L.?
D3 : the mol of base = 0.25 M x 1.00 L
= 0.25 mol
The mol of conjugate acid = 0.14 M
x 1.00 L = 0.14 mol
* If using Kb of NH3+

[H+] = Ka
= 10-5x
= 1.43x10-5
pH = 5 - log 1.43
pH = 4.84
Change of pH = 5.25 4.84 = 0.41
72. By how much will the pH change if 75
ml of 0.10 M KOH is added to 200 ml
of the buffer in exercize 70?
Jawab:
pH buffer
[OH] = Kb

[OH ] = Kb
= 110-5
= 1.7910-5
pOH = log 1.7910-5
= 5 - log 1.79
= 5 0.25
= 4.75
pH
= 14 4.75
= 9.25
Added by 75 ml 0.10 KOH

= 1.8x10-5 x
= 3.21x10-5
pOH = -log 3.21x10-5
= 4.5
pH = 14 - 4.5 =9.5
If added 0.020 mol HCl
NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)
NH4+
m 0.25mol
0.020mol
0.14 mol
r - 0.020mol
0.020mol
+0.02mol
s 0.23mol
0.16mol
[OH-]

= 1.8x10-5 x
= 2.6x10-5
pOH = 5-log 2.6
= 5-0.41
= 4.59
pH = 14 - 4.59 = 9.41
the change of pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09
*If using Ka of NH4+
[H+] = Ka
= 10-5x

NH4+(aq)+OH(aq)NH3(aq)+H2O(l)
m
r
s

28 mmol 7.5 mmol

7.5 mmol 7.5 mmol
20.5 mmol

50 mmol
7.5 mmol
57.5 mmol

[OH] = Kb

pOH

= 110-5
= 2.810-5
= log 2.810-5
= 5 log 2.8
= 5 - 0.45

= 4.55
pH
= 14 - 4.55
= 9.45
So, pH is change from 9.25 to 9.45
73. How many grams of sodium acetat,
NaC2H3O2, would have to be added to
1.0 L of 0.15 M acetic acid (pKa 4.74)
to make the solution a buffer for pH
5.00?
Jawab:
Jawab:
[H+] =
10-5

=
= 0.0833

Mass of CH3COOH = mol x Mr

= 0.0833 x 60
= 5 gram
74. How many grams of sodium formate,
NaCHO2, would have to be added to 1.0
L of 0.12 M formic acid (Pka 3.74) to
make the solution a buffer for pH 3.80 ?
Jawab:
CHO2H 1.0 L 0.12 M = 0.12 mol
Mr NaC2HO2 = 68
pKa = 3.74
Ka = 1.8 x 10 -4
pH = 3.80
[H+] = 1.58 x 10 -4
kasus buffer asam
[H+]

= Ka

1.58 x 10 -4 = 1.8 x 10 -4
1.58 x 10 -4 =
X
= 0,14 mol
n

0.14 =
massa NaC2HO2 = 9.3 gram

75. What mole ratio of NH4Cl to NH3

would buffer a solution at pH 9.25?
Jawab:
pOH
= 4.75
[OH-]

= Kb

1.77 x 10-5 = 1.8 x 10-5

=
=
76. How many grams of ammonium choride
would have to be dissolved in 500 mL
of 0.20 M NH3 to prepare a solution
buffered at pH 10.00?
Jawab:
D1 :500 mL of 0.20 M NH3
pH buffer = 10.00
D2:
m NH4Cl = ...?
D3:
pH = 10, pOH = 4, [OH-] = 10-4
[OH-]

= Kb

10-14
10-14
n AK

= 1.8 x 10-14 .
= 0.018 x n AK
= 5.556 x 10-3

n AK

5.556 x 10-3 =
m
= 0.297 gram
77. How many grams of ammonium
chloride have to be dissolved into 125
mL of 0.10 M NH3 to make it a buffer
with a pH of 9.15 ?
Jawab:
D1 : V NH3 = 125 mL
M NH3= 0.10 mol/L
pH
= 9.15
Kb
= 1.8 x 10-4.85
D2: massa of NH4Cl . . .?
D3:
Mol NH3 = 12.5 mmol
pH
= 9.15
pOH
= 4.85

[OH-]

= Kb

79. How many milliliters of 0.15 M HCl

would have to be added to 100 mL of
the buffer described in exercise 78 to
make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH unit?
How many milliliters of the same HCl
solution would, if added to 100 mL of
pure water, make the pH decrease by
0.05 pH unit?
Jawab:

1.4 x 10-5 = 1.8 x 10-5

2.25 x 10-4= n asam konj. x 1.4 x 10-5
n as.konj = 16.07 mmol
n as.konj =
massa NH4Cl = 16.07 x 53.5
= 859.75 mg
= 0.86 gram
78. Suppose 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl is
added to an acetate buffer prepared by
dissolving 0.100 mol of acetic acidand
0.110 of sodium acetate in 500 mL of
solution. What are the initial and final
pH value? what would be the pH if the
same amount of HCl solution were
added to 125 mL of pure water?
Jawab:
Awal :
[ H+] = Ka
= 1,8 x 10 -5 x
= 1,64 x 10-5
pH = 5 - log 1,64
= 4, 79
[H+]
=

Ka

= 1,8 x 10-5 x
= 1,8x 10 -5 x
= 1,72 x 10-5
pH = 5 - log 1,72
= 4,76
Final:
Pengenceran dengan penambahan
air pada buffer, pH akan tetap
karena penentu pH buffer adalah
jumlah mol bukan konsentrasi
buffer

a) [H+]

4.45 x 10-5
=
4.89 x 10-6 - 4.45 x 10-5 a = 1.8 x 10-6 + 1.8
x 10-5a
4.89 x 10-6 - 1.8 x 10- = 1.8 x 10-5a + 4.45
x 10-5 a
3.09 x 10-6 = 6.25 x 10-5 a
a =
a = 0.049
mol HCl = 0.049
M . V = 0.049
0.15 . V = 0.049
V=
V= 0.33 L
V= 330 mL
b) Jumlah HCl yang ditambahkan adalah
sama yaitu 330 mL,Buffer ditambah
dengan air (pengenceran) pH larutan
tetap karena penentu pH buffer adalah
jumlah mol bukan konsentrasi buffer.
80. What can make the titrated solution at
the equivalence point in an acid-base
titration have a pH not equal to 7,00 ?
Ho w does this possibility affect the
choice of an indicator ?
Jawab:
Apabila dalam titrasi asam-basa, titk
ekuivalen dapat tercapai pada pH tidak
sama dengan 7 berarti salah satu larutan
asam atau basanya bersifat lemah.

Pemilihan
indikator
sangat
mempengaruhi proses titrasi karena
untuk mengetahui titik akhir titrasi
dengan ditandai perubahan warna,
sesuai dengan rentang pH yang
diperkirakan
sehingga
pemilihan
indikator yang digunakan tidak salah.
81. Explain why ethyl red is a better
indicator than phenolphtalein in the
titration of dilute ammonia by dilute
hydrochloric acid?
Jawab:
Methyl red is a better indicator than
phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute
ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid
because the result of ammonia and
hydrochloric acid is a solution that has
pH < 7 ( influenced by hydrochloric
acid as a strong acid and ammonia is a
weak base ). Which is pH range of
methyl red is 4.4 -6.2 and pH range of
phenolphtalein is 8.3 -10.0
82. What is a good indicator for titrating
potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic
acid? Explain.
Jawab:
For
titrating
potassium
hydroxide with hydrobromic acid we
use metilred indicator as a good
indicator. Titrating potassium hydroxide
with hydrobromic acid is example of
titration strong base and weak acid. The
equivalen point is occur in value of pH
smaller than 7, so we must use indicator
that have trayek of pH under 7, for
example indicator metilred that have
trayek of pH from 4.8 until 6.
83. In the titration of an acid with base,what
condition concerning the quantities of
reactans ought to be true at the
equivalence point?
Jawab:
the quantities of reactans ought to be
true at the equivalence point when the

mols equivalence of acis as same as the

mols equivalence of base.
84. When 50 mL of 0.10 M formic acid is
titrated with 0.10 M sodium hydroxide,
what is the pH at the equivalence point?
(Be sure to take into account the change
in volume during the titration). What is
a good indicator for this titration?
Jawab:
Va = 50 ml = 0.05 L ; Ma = 0.1 mol/liter
; na = 0.05 x 0.1 = 0.005 mol
Mb = 0.1 mol/liter
Va x Ma = Vb x Mb
0.05 x 0.1
= Vb x 0.1
Vb
= 0.05 L
nb
= 0.05 x 0.01 = 0.005 mol
Vtotal = 0.05 + 0.05 = 0.1
Ka
= 1.8 x 10-4
M : 0.005 mol
R : 0.005 mol
mol
S: mol

0.005 mol
0.005 mol

0.005
-

0.005

[OH-] =
=
=
= 1.67 x 10-6
pOH = 6 - log 1.67
pH
= 14 - 6 + log 1.67
= 8 + log 1.67
= 8 + 0.223
= 8.223
Because it is on route pH 5.2 to 6.8, the
indicator used is bromine cresol purple.
85. When 25 mL of 0.10 M aqueous
ammonia is titrated with 0.10 M
hydrobromic acid, what is the pH at the
equivalence point? What is a good
indicator?

Jawab:
D1: V NH3
= 25 mL
M NH3 = 0.10 mol/L
Kb NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5
M HBr = 0.10 mol/L
D2 : what is pH at equivalence point
and a good indicator = ?
D3:
At equivalence point means that the
number of acid moles equal to the
moles of base.
NH3 + HBR
NH4Br
m
r
s

2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol
-

2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol

a. 0 mL
b. 10.00 mL
c. 24.90 mL
d. 24.99 mL
e. 25.00 mL
f. 25.01 mL
g. 25.10 mL
h. 26.00 mL
i. 50.00 mL
Jawab:
D1 : [HCl]
= 0.1000 M
[NaOH]
= 0.1000 M
V HCl
= 25 mL
D2 : pH and the titration curve
= ...?
Solution
:
a. V NaOH = 0 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl +H2O
M 2.5
0
R 0
0
0
0
S 2.5
0
0
[HCl]
[H+]
pH

=
= 0.1
= 1 x 0.1
= 0.1
= - log [H+]
= - log 0.1
=1

b. V NaOH = 10.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M
2.5
1
R
1
1
1
1
S
1.5
1
1
[HCl]
86. For the titratin of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M
HCl with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the
pH of the resulting solution after each of
the following quantities of base has been
added to the original solution (you must
take into account the change in total
volume). Construct a graph showing the
titration curve for this experiment.

[H+]
pH

=
= 0.043
= 1 x 0.043
= 0.043
= - log [H+]
= - log 0.043
= 1.37

c. V NaOH = 24.90 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.49
R 2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
S
0.01 2.49
2.49
[HCl]
[H+]
pH

=
= 2.0 x 10-4
= 1 x (2.0 x 10-4)
= 2.0 x 10-4
= - log [H+]
= - log 2.0 x 10-4
= 3.698

pOH

pH

g. V NaOH = 25.10 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M
2.5
2.51
R
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S
0.01 2.5
2.5
[NaOH]

d. V NaOH = 24.99 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.499
R 2.499 2.499
2.499 2.499
S 1x10-3 2.499 2.499
=
= 2.0 x 10-5
+
[H ]
= 1 x (2.0x10-5)
= 2.0 x 10-5
pH
= - log [H+]
= - log 2.0 x 10-5
= 4.7
e. V NaOH = 25.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.5
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S 2.5
2.5

[OH-]
pOH

[HCl]

pH

[NaOH]
[OH-]
pOH

f.

[NaOH]
[OH-]

=
= 1.9996 x 10-5
= 1 x (1.9996 x 10-5)

=
= 1.996 x 10-4
= 1 x (1.996 x 10-4)
= 1.996 x 10-4
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.996 x 10-4
= 3.7
= 14 - 3.7
= 10.3

h. V NaOH = 26.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.6
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S
0.1
2.5 2.5

Titration in equivalent point

pH = 7 (neutral)
V NaOH = 25.01 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.501
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
-3
S 1x10
2.5
2.5

= 1.9996 x 10-5
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.9996 x 10-5
= 4.699
= 14 - 4.699
= 9.3

pH

i.

=
= 1.96 x 10-3
= 1 x (1.96 x 10-3)
= 1.96 x 10-3
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.96 x 10-3
= 2.7
= 14 - 2.7
= 11.3

V NaOH = 50.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
5
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S
2.5
2.5
2.5

[NaOH]
[OH-]
pOH

pH

=
= 0.033
= 1 x (0.033)
= 0.033
= - log [OH-]
= - log 0.033
= 1.477
= 14 - 1.477
= 12.523

b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been

added means that we calculate pH of
acid buffer.

CH3COOH+ NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

B 2.5 mmol
1 mmol
R
1 mmol
1 mmol
A
1.5 mmol
-

1 mmol
1 mmol

1 mmol
1 mmol

c. At a half of the HC2H3O2 means that

the number of acid moles equal to a
half the moles of base.
87. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000
M acetic acid with 0.1000 M NaOH,
calculate the pH:
a. Before the addition of any
NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has
been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has
been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
Jawab:
a. Before the addition of any NaOH
solution, it means calculate pH of a
weak acid.

CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa+H2O
B 2.5 mmol 1.25 mmol
R 1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol 1.25mmol 1.25mmol
A 1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol 1.25mmol

log1.8 = 4.744
d. At equivalence point means that the
number of acid moles equal to the
moles of base.
B
R
A

CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa +H2O
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol 2.5mmol
2.5 mmol 2.5mmol

So, pH of NH3 before the

addition of any HCl solution
are 11
b. Moles of NH3 = n x M = 25 x 0.1 = 2.5
mmol
Moles of HCl = n x M = 10 x 0.1 = 1
mmol
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
1
React: 1
1
1
After : 1.5mmol 1 mmol
[OH-] = Kb x

88. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000

M ammonia with 0.1000 M HCl,
calculate the pH
a. before the addition of any HCl
solution,
b. after 10.00 mL of the acid has
been added,
c. after half of the NH3 has been
neutralized, and
d. at the equivalence point
Jawab:

= 10-5 x
= 1.5 x 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.5
= 5 - 0.176
= 4.824
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 4.824
= 9.176
So, pH after 10.00 mL of
HCl has been added were
9.176
c. pH after half the NH3 has been
neutralized.?
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
1.25
React: 1.25
1.25
1.25
After : 1.25 mmol 1.25mmol

a. [OH-] =
=
=
= 10 -3
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-3
=3
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3
= 11

[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-5
=5
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 5
=9

So, pH after half of the NH3

has been neutralized were 9
d. pH at the equivalence point.?
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
2.5
React: 2.5
2.5
2.5
After : 2.5 mmol
Looking for volume total:
Moles of NH3 = moles of HCl
25 x 0.1
= V x 0.1
V
= 25 mL
[H+] =
=
=
= 0,7 x 10 -5
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 0,7 x 10 -5
= 5 - log 0.7
= 5 - (-0.15)
= 5.15
So, pH at the equivalence point are 5.15