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Let us consider a plane wave that obliquely incidents at the boundary of two media that
are characterized by their permittivity and permeability (see Figure 1). The plane
containing both the normal to the surface and the direction of propagation of the incident
wave is known as the plane of incidence.
the angle of incidence. We choose the plane of incidence to be the x z plane with the
axes directions shown in the Figure1, the y-axes is out of the page.
There may also be reflected and refracted (transmitted) waves, as shown in Fig. 1.
Directions of propagation of these waves have angles
r and
boundary. The unit wave vectors of the incident, reflected and transmitted waves can be
written as the following:
ki [sin i ,0,cosi ]
(1)
kr [sin r ,0,cosr ]
(2)
kt [sin t ,0,cost ]
(3)
The phasors of the traveling incident, reflected, and refracted plane waves can be written
in the following form
Ei (r ) E0 exp( iki r ) ,
Er (r ) E1 exp( ikr r ) ,
and
Et (r ) E2 exp( ikt r )
E iH
H iE
(4)
i(k E ) iH
(4)
i(k H ) iE
(5)
Now we can write the wave fields for the cases A and B,
Ei , H i ~ exp{ik1 ( x sin i z cos i )}
Incident wave,
Case A ( E perpendicular to plane of incidence)
Ei jE0 exp{iki r }
1
sin ) exp{ik r}
H
E
(
i
cos
k
0
i
i
i
i
(6)
jE0 1 exp{iki r}
H
(7)
Reflected wave,
Er , H r ~ exp{ik1 ( x sin r z cos r )}
Er jE1 exp{ik r r }
1
sin ) exp{ik r}
H
E
(
i
cos
k
r
1
r
r
r
(8)
exp{ik r r }
H r jE1
(10)
Et , H t ~ exp{ik 2 ( x sin t z cos t )}
Et jE2 exp{ikti r }
2
sin ) exp{ik r}
H
E
(
i
cos
k
t
2
t
t
t
(11)
jE0 2 exp{ikt r}
H
(12)
Case B: Let us consider a plane wave with electric field E in the plane of incidence
E0 cos i exp( ik1 x sin i ) E1 cos r exp( ik1 x sin r ) E2 cos t exp( ik 2 x sin t )
2
E0 exp( ik1 x sin i ) 1 E1 exp( ik1 x sin r )
E exp( ik 2 x sin t )
1
1
2 2
(13)
Eqs. (13) must hold for all values of x , which is possible only if
k1 sin i k1 sin r k2 sin t
(14)
We see that
(15)
and
( 2)
sin t k1 11 v ph
n
(1) 1
sin i k 2 2 2 v ph n2
(16)
2
E0 1 E1
E
1
1
2 2
(17)
We can now solve Eqs. (17) for E1 and E2 with the result
cos t 2 2 cos i
E1
1 1
E0
1 1 cos t 2 2 cos i
2 1 1 cos i
E2
E0
1 1 cos t 2 2 cos i
(18)