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An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example, the heavy ball of a
demolition machine is storing energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored
energy of position is referred to as potential energy. Similarly, a drawn bow is able to
store energy as the result of its position. When assuming its usual position (i.e., when
not drawn), there is no energy stored in the bow. Yet when its position is altered from its
usual equilibrium position, the bow is able to store energy by virtue of its position. This
stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy. Potential energy is the
stored energy of position possessed by an object.
“Potential energy exists whenever an object which has mass has a position
within a force field. The most everyday example of this is the position of
objects in the earth's gravitational field. “
PE = mgh
Where:
Mass–energy equivalence is the concept that the mass of a body is a measure of its
energy content. The mass of a body as measured on a scale is always equal to the total
energy inside, divided by a constant c2 that changes the units appropriately:
In the formula, c2 is the conversion factor required to convert from units of mass to units
of energy. The formula does not depend on a specific system of units. Using the
International System of Units, joules are used to measure energy, kilograms for mass,
meters per second for speed. Note that 1 joule equals 1 kg·m2/s2. In unit-specific terms,
E (in joules) = m (in kilograms) multiplied by (299,792,458 m/s)2. In natural units, the
speed of light is set equal to 1, and the formula becomes an identity.
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is just a name that scientists give a bunch of types
of radiation when they want to talk about them as a group. Radiation is energy that
travels and spreads out as it goes-- visible light that comes from a lamp in your house
and radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic
radiation. Other examples of EM radiation are microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet light,
X-rays and gamma-rays. Hotter, more energetic objects and events create higher
energy radiation than cool objects. Only extremely hot objects or particles moving at
very high velocities can create high-energy radiation like X-rays and gamma-rays.
Here are the different types of radiation in the EM spectrum, in order from lowest energy
to highest:
There are some general properties shared by all forms of electromagnetic radiation:
1. It can travel through empty space. Other types of waves need some sort of
medium to move through: water waves need liquid water and sound waves need
some gas, liquid, or solid material to be heard.
2. The speed of light is constant in space. All forms of light have the same speed of
299,800 kilometers/second in space (often abbreviated as c). From highest
energy to lowest energy the forms of light are Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet,
Visible, Infrared, Radio. (Microwaves are high-energy radio waves.)
3. A wavelength of light is defined similarly to that of water waves---distance
between crests or between troughs. Visible light (what your eye detects) has
wavelengths 4000-8000 Ångstroms. 1 Ångstrom = 10-10 meter. Visible light is
sometimes also measured in nanometers: 1 nanometer = 10-9 meter = 10
Ångstroms, so in nanometers, the visible band is from 400 to 800 nanometers.
Radio wavelengths are often measured in centimeters: 1 centimeter = 10 -2 meter
= 0.01 meter. The abbreviation used for wavelength is the greek letter lambda: .
Quiz:
Answer:
PE = mgh; h = PE / mg
3. 1
4. Radiowaves, infrared light, visible, ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays
Rizal Technological University
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
REPORT:
Submitted by:
Faustino, Lannie
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