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Neha Chauhan
SAP EHS Consultant
Table of contents
03 1. Introduction
03 2. Industry Overview
04 3. Hazards related to Oil and Gas Industry
04 3.1 Safety and Injury Hazards
05 3.2 Health and Illnesses Hazards
06 4. Managing Occupational Safety and Health Risks
06 4.1 Risk Management Process
07 5. Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS)
07 5.1 Features of OSHMS
08 5.2 Components of an effective OSHMS
09 5.3 Benefits of OSHMS
09 6. Conclusion
09 References
10 About the Author
10 About Wipros Energy, Natural Resources, Utilities and Engineering &
Construction (ENU) Strategic Business Unit
10 About Wipro Ltd.
1. Introduction
Safety and health management is one of the vital constituents of Oil and Gas industry activities because most of the operational conditions, chemicals and
end products (hydrocarbons and other compounds) associated with Oil and Gas production are well-known to pose serious safety and health threats to
the workers.
2. Industry Overview:
Upstream
Exploration and
Production
Midstream
Transportation,
Storage and
Marketing
Downstream
Refining, Sales and
Distribution
the Amuay oil refinery, which is part of the Paraguana Refinery Complex,
burn and sink, resulting in a massive offshore oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico,
considered the largest accidental marine oil spill in the world, and the
The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion refers to the April 20,
According to the report developed by the NORA Oil and Gas Extraction
Council; In the US, during 2003-2008, 648 oil and gas extraction workers
29.1 deaths per 100,000 workers eight times higher than the rate for all
U.S. workers. Nearly half of all fatal events in the Oil and Gas extraction
should be pre-defined and done for every worker depending on the job
and work area type to identify possible deviations from the normal health
The above alarming incident data clearly emphasizes the need for an
This paper outlines the key safety and health hazards associated with the
People working in Oil and Gas industry are exposed to various risk
factors. Hence continuous monitoring of their working conditions and
and benefits of an
Possible Causes
Often the roads leading to well sites lack firm shoulders and other
safety features4
Fatigue due to long driving distance and long working shifts
Contact Injuries
Confined Space
hazards
sites, violence).
and
Segments
Upstream
The following table identifies the potential health effects from key
processes in Oil and Gas industry:
Key Processes
Agents
Pathogenic microorganisms
Infection transmitting vectors
Drilling mud
Petroleum products
(Hydrocarbons)
Radioactive sources
Chemicals and additives
Metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, etc.)
Extreme temperatures
Silica/Asbestos
Noise/Vibration
Mechanical
Ergonomic
Psychosocial
Midstream
Pipelines
Transport and storage
Marketing
Petroleum products
(Hydrocarbons)
Dust from filing and scaling (from
cleaning of pipes and tanks)
Downstream
Product Refining
Petro chemicals
Sales and Distribution
Petroleum products
(Hydrocarbons)
Treatment chemicals
Metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, etc.)
Silica/Asbestos
Solvents
Noise/Vibration
Business processes in Oil and Gas industry are very complex. Hence it
and assess safety and health hazards existing at the workplace and to
occupational safety and health hazards. Its solution model can be based
on the PDCA Cycle:
Plan
Strategic HSSE
Roadmap
Work Flows
Objectives and Targets
Key Priorities
Do
Risk & Injury
Management
Health & Illness
Management
Training & Assessment
Regulatory
Compliance
Act
Management
Review
Actions for
Continuous
Improvements
Monitoring
Modeling
Trends
Performance Indicators
Audits
Check
Generally Risk Management Process in the Oil and Gas Industry Involves the Following Key Steps:
Identify persons
taking part in the risk
management process
RISK
CONTROL
RISK
ASSESSMENT
PLANNING
RISK
IDENTIFICATION
RISK
RECORDING
FOLLOW ON
ASSESSMENT
Ensure that
implemented control
measures are being
used and are effective
Reassess the efficiency
of preventive/control
measures
5.1 Key Features that Should be Fulfilled by an Efficient Safety and Health
Management System are as Follows
It should ensure safety of different operational sites by correctly
mapping the business processes, risks, and controls involved in all the
three segments (upstream, midstream and downstream) of Oil and
Gas industry
Sl.
No
OSHMS
Components
Health and
Safety Plan
Health protocols
Requirements
Oil and Gas Companys vision and
approach towards Health and Safety
Occupational
Health
Management
Organizational hierarchy
2
Administration
Worksite inspections
Implementation of best practices
and lessons learned from the past
experiences at workplace
Set of systems and processes for
managing Health & Safety risks
H&S Risk
Management
10
Management
of Change
11
Emergency
Response Plan
Inventory
Management
12
Calendar management
Task and
Workflow
Management
13
Incident
Management
Disaster management/Emergency
response plan for all the potential
predicaments based on predictive
risk analysis
Compliance
Management
Competency
Management
14
Content
Management
15
Contractor
Management
16
Rehabilitation
Management
17
Statistics,
Reporting and
Dashboard
18
Audit and
Review
Automated notifications
H&S
Maintenance
Systems
Process change
Alarm system
Injury/Illness management
Medical appointments
References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguan%C3%A1_Refinery_Complex
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion
3. Draft National Oil and Gas Extraction Agenda - August 2010: For
Occupational Safety and Health Research and Practice in the U.S. Oil
and Gas Extraction Industry - Developed by the NORA Oil and Gas
Extraction Council
(http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nora/comment/agendas/oilgas/)
4. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/oilgas/projects.html
5. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/confinedspace/
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_safety_analysis
and unions
6. Conclusion
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@
safework/documents/policy/wcms_107535.pdf
Given the perilous nature of the Oil and Gas industry, the need
(ILO-OSH 2001)
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/afpro/cairo/downloads/
wcms_107727.pdf
9. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/oil/offshore/standards_en.htm
and gas operations9. The new directive sets clear rules that cover the
whole lifecycle of all exploration and production activities from design to
the final removal of an oil or gas installation9.
Because of the regulatory compliance pressure, the principal responsibility
of ensuring operational safety and sustainability is placed on the Oil and
Gas industry.
OSHMS not only provides a systematic and synchronized proactive
approach to managing occupational health and safety risks, but also helps
in defining strategies for implementing control actions, performance
substantiation, resource mapping and competency management.
Moreover it also helps in enhancing organizations brand image in todays
competitive scenario.
10
11
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