NUTRITION

Meaning of Nutrition
Some experts shed light on understanding the chemical bonds of nutrients are needed by
the body to perform its functions in the form of energy. Besides energy can also build and
maintain tissues in the body and regulate the process of life. Nutrients are used for food to create
more energy, which every tissue in the body work properly. Nutrients can also be regarded as a
process that uses organisms whose primary object is food that is often consumed in normal
conditions, using degestive process, absorption and metabolism in the future will throw some
substances that are not used by the body.
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Function of Nutrition for Our Body

Based on the understanding of nutrition, this substance is a major intake for a person's
body in a variety of activities as an important energy forming. The function is also a variety of
nutrients such as making process nutrients are important, as an organic substance that an
organism needs to move normally. But nutrition is very different from the food that we eat every
day, nutrition is what is contained in these foods. Nutrition also plays an active role as the intake
of foods that are healthy for the body, the body consumes at least some types of food each day.
Not then we underestimate the nutrients, as not all foods have nutrients.
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Structure and Function of Nutrition

Nutrients or substances contained in the food that is needed by the body consists of six
categories: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.

1. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body's source of energy and can be found in two forms: powder
and sugar. Wheat found in foods such as rice, pasta, bread, potatoes, beans, and grains. Sugar can
be found in foods such as chocolate, candy or cookies. Carbohydrate deficiency can lead to loss
of energy, tiredness, Conversely, if a person consumes excess carbohydrates will cause weight
gain and obesity occur.
Carbohydrates are made up of elements of the composition of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates are divided into:
a. Simple carbohydrates (sugar), can be a monosaccharide (single molecule composed of
glucose, fructose, and galactose). Can also be disaccharides (double molecules), for example
sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose).
b. Complex carbohydrates (starch) is a polysaccharide as prepared many
molecule of glucose.
c. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate derived from plants, can not be digested by the body produces
little or no calories but can increase stool volume.

2.Protein
Protein is an important constituent of all cell types of nutrients in the form of nutrient
complex structure consisting of amino acids. Protein will hydrolysed by proteolytic enzymes. To
release the amino acids which will then be absorbed by the intestine. Protein function is to assist
the growth and maintenance of body cells and antibody protein sources: beef, chicken, fish, eggs,
milk, tofu, tempeh and nuts.
Protein function:
Protein replace protein lost during normal metabolic processes and the normal wear.
Protein generate new tissue.
Protein is needed in the manufacture of new proteins with specific functions in the body,
namely enzymes, hormones and hemoglobin.
Protein as an energy source.

3. Fat
The function of fat is to provide calorie needs, maintaining body temperature and organ of the
body with a layer of fat and also maintain the normal function of the skin. Sources of fat: butter,
coconut oil, animal fats and nuts.
Fat is an energy source that is compacted. Fats and oils consist of glycerol combined with fatty
acids.
Fat function:
1. As a source of energy, is the energy source of which is compacted with him Give him n
9 cal / g.
2. Come and build body tissues.
3. Protection.
4. Insulation / isolation, the fat will prevent heat loss from the body.
5. Satiety, fat may delay gastric emptying time and prevent hunger arise again soon after eating.
6. Fat-soluble vitamins.

4.Vitamin
Vitamins are organic materials that can not be formed by the body and serves as a catalyst for the
body's metabolic processes. There are two types of vitamins:
Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, K.
Water-soluble vitamins are vitamin B and C (not stored in the body so it must be in the diet
each day).
Vitamin A is important for the growth of bone, hair, and skin and eye health. Vitamin A also
serves to increase endurance. Sources of vitamin A: liver, meat, butter, cheese, milk, egg yolks,
colorful fruits and vegetables.
Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus, forming and maintaining healthy
bones and teeth. Sources of Vitamin D: milk and as a result, egg yolks, liver, tuna.
Vitamin E is important for the process of metabolism, maintain healthy skin and muscle. As an
antioxidant in protecting cells and tissues from damage. Sources of Vitamin E: egg yolks,
soybeans, green vegetables, margarine, bread, potatoes and wheat.
Vitamin K is important for blood clotting. Sources of vitamin K: green vegetables.

Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of healthy teeth, gums, skin, muscle and bone. As
well Accelerate wound healing, improve endurance, helps the absorption of iron. Sources of
Vitamin C: fresh vegetables and fresh fruits.
Taking Vitamin B Compleks important role in carbohydrate metabolism, raise their appetite,
maintain the normal function of the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems, source of
Vitamin B Compleks: rice, meat, milk, nuts, eggs and soy.

5. mineral
Minerals have a role in maintaining the structure of the body including hair, teeth and bones, and
helps maintain muscle movement, regulate the body functions and maintain fluid balance in the
body. Minerals also play an important role for the formation of new cells that is necessary for the
growth of infants and toddlers.
Minerals are essential elements for the normal function of most enzymes, and is essential in the
control of body fluid system. Minerals are essential constituents of the soft tissue, fluid and
order. Order to contain most of the mineral. The body can not synthesize that must be provided
by food.
Three mineral functions:
1. Constituent of bones and teeth; example: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.
2. Formation of soluble salts and controlling the composition of body fluids; example Na, Cl
(extracellular), K, Mg, P (intracellular).
3. The basic ingredients of enzymes and proteins. Malnutrition. Lack intake of nutrients,
especially protein and carbohydrates. Can affect the growth, perkembngan and cognition and can
slow down the healing process.
Types of malnutrition:
Nutrient deficiency; example: eating less fruit and vegetables cause vitamin C deficiency can
cause bleeding of the gums.
Marasmus; lack of protein and calories so that the body fat and muscle unloading. Clinical
features: muscle atrophy, disappearance of the subcutaneous fat layer, growth retardation, belly,
very thin as bones wrapped in skin.
Kwashiorkor; lack of protein because of a lack of dietary protein or protein is lost due to a

physiological (eg state of injury and infection). Characteristics: weak, apathetic, enlarged liver,
weight down, muscles atrophy, mild anemia, changes in skin and hair pigmentation.

6. water
Not surprisingly, this is the most important. Water covers 50-70% of total body weight. Water
has an important role in nutrient absorption, circulation and the removal of waste material.
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