WATER DEMAND

WATER DEMAND
Water supplied by our water treatment plant is obtained by all
consumers in Pauh, Perlis for their purpose used. Our water treatment
plant also channel the water to other sectors such as the industrial,
domestic, commercial agriculture and so on.
Water supplied by the manufacturer / processor water or department
responsible for consumer use. Water should also be channelled to other
sectors such as the industrial, domestic, commercial agriculture and so
on. Rate this request in accordance with current requirements regardless
of high or low production.
Use or water demand per capita includes to consumers who use the
water. Demand per capita means the average request for a year.
Requirements associated with the use of these various factors. The factors
are urban size, industrial activities, social status, water quality, climate,
water pressure and types of supply.
Municipal Water Demand
Municipal water use is directly related to the quantity of water
withdrawn by populations in service area. Municipal water demand
includes domestic or residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial,
public services, recreational, environmental activities and non-accounted
system losses and leakage. The majority of human uses require clean
water. For the design of water treatment plant, it is necessary to estimate
the amount of water that is needed by the population estimated of the
service area.
Residential water use
It is estimated that 70% of water will be used for household purposes
in service areas. These include drinking water, bathing, cooking,
sanitation, and gardening. Drinking water is water that is of sufficiently

high quality so that it can be consumed or used without risk of immediate

or long term harm. Such water is commonly called potable water. The
water supplied to households, commerce and industry is all of drinking
water standard even though only a very small proportion is actually
consumed or used in food preparation.

Commercial water use

Commercial establishment include shop lot (single-storey), petrol
station, wet market, light industry workshop, stall centre and others. The
commercial water demand depends on the type and number of
commercial establishment.
Industrial water use
Industrial water demand may be estimated on the basis of proposal
industrial zoning and of the types of industries most likely to develop
within the city.
Public water use
Water used in public buildings includes mosque, daily school, boarding
school kinder garden and as well as water used for public services
including tire protection, street washing and park irrigation is considered
public use.

Estimation Total Water Consuming Per Day

Estimated population for the year 2050 is 25, 700. We here assume the
water usage by a person is 500 L/person/day and etc. The daily water
demand for the whole development is 16,298,150 L/day and is
computed based on guideline provided by JBA Perlis:

Housing and Public

Development

1. Terrace house 500

unit
2. Semi-D
300
unit
3. Bungalow
200
unit
4. Apartment
200
unit
5. Mosque
1 unit
6. Daily school
1 unit
7. Boarding
school
8. Kindergarten
Total

1 unit
2 unit

People/Uni
t of
Developm
ent

Total Water
Demand
(L/day)

Water
Demand per
person
(L/capita/da
y)
1,500

10

2,000

6,000,000

10

2,000

4,000,000

1,500

1,500,000

500
20% per
population
5% per
population
20% per
population

50
50

25,000
257,000

250

321,250

30

308,400

3,750,000

16,161,650

Trade Development

1. Shop lots (singlestories)

2. Petrol station
3. Wet market
4. Light industry
workshop
Total

Unit of
developm
ent

Water
Demand per
unit (L/day)

Total Water
Demand
(L/day)

2,000

10,000

2
1
1

50,000
25,000
1,500

100,000
25,000
1,500
16,298,150

Since, our water treatment plant only planned to design for domestic,
public and trade development. Hence, we can conclude that the total
water demand estimated at the year 2050 is 16,298,150 L/day.

WATER DEMAND FLUCTUATIONS

Average annual demand is not sufficient for design of water systems
due to water demand fluctuations. Generally, monthly fluctuation is used
for design of dam and storage tank. Flow of water required during
maximum daily demand can be used to design water treatment plant,
while flow required at peak hour demand can be used for design of water
distribution system (pumping, service tank, water mains).

(a) Maximum daily demand

= 180% of annual average demand

180% X 16,298,150 L/day

100%
= 29,336,670 L/day
(b)Maximum weekly demand = 148% of annual average demand

148% X 16,298,150 L/day X (7days/week)

100%
= 168,848,834 L/week
(c) Maximum monthly demand = 128% of annual average demand
128% X 16,298,150 L/day X (7days/week) X (4week/month)
100%
= 584,125,696 L/month
(d)Maximum hourly demand

= 150% of maximum daily demand

150% X 16,298,150 L/day X (1day/24hours)

100%
= 1,018,634.375 L/hour