Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Washington, DC 20402-9328
James P. Baxter
President, W illianis College
Gordon A. Craig
Princeton University
Elmer Ellis
University of Missouri
William T. Hutchinson
University of Chicago
Advisory Committee
Charles H. Taylor
Harvard University
Ill
Foreword
ALBERT C. SMITH
Washington, D.C. Maj. Gen., U.S.A.
Introductory Note
Mr. Joseph Bykofsky received his Master of Arts degree from Columbia
University, and is currently a candidate for a Ph.D. degree in History
at Amer-
ican University. During World War II he served as an officer in India
and
Burma, where he was engaged in transportation activities. He has been
asso-
ciated with the Transportation Corps historical program since July
1949. Before
that time he had participated for three years in the writing of the
World War II
history of the American National Red Cross.
HARRY B. YOSHPE
Washington, D.C. Historical Research Officer
Vlll
Preface
This volume, wliich deals with the U.S. Army transportation activities
in
the oversea commands, is the last of the trilogy devoted to the history
of the
Transportation Corps in World War II. In the first volume attention was
given
to the natiu'e of the transportation task, the functions and
organization of the
Transportation Corps, and the operating problems and relationships of
the
Corps. The second \olume covered troop and supply movements within and
from the zone of interior and Transportation Corps problems of
procurement
and training.
The foregoing should not suggest that this volume is a complete account
of
military or even of Army transportation overseas. The support of the
Army
commands depended heavily on shipping provided or controlled by the War
Shipping Administration and the Navy. Within the Army, air
transportation
was basically a responsibility of the Air Forces, while pipelines were
the
responsibility of the Corps of Engineers, and consequently these means
of
transportation received only incidental treatment here. Tactical
transportation,
that is, transportation in the combat area as distinguished from the
communi-
cations zone, was not a Transportation Corps responsibility and lies
within the
realm of the combat historian. Amphibious assaults and other combat
opera-
tions are dealt with only to the extent that Transportation Corps
troops and
ecjuipment participated.
Although the authors have relied in large measure on War Department and
oversea records collections in Washington and Kansas City, there has
been
some departure fiom this procedure. In the case of the Persian
C'orridor, where
the command was ccincerned predominantly with transportation, the
chapter
draws heavily on Dr. T H. Vail Motler's published volume. The Persian
Corrulur
(i)irl Aul In Russia, and on records collected by him. Monographs on
Army trans-
portation in certain oversea commands prepared by Dr. Harold H. Dunham
and Dr. James R. Masterson were invaluable. Other published and
numuscripl
histories piodiucd in the Ofiice of the Chief of Militarx History and
in the
theaters also have pioved of great assistance. Interviews with /\rmy
officers and
others who {participated in wartime operations have been emj)loyed to
supple-
ment, verify, and interjoret the recoicl. For details on the scoj^e of
research, the
reader is invited to examine the Bibliographical Note which is
appended.
The authors are grateful to the many peoj^le, both military and
civilians,
whose co-operation ;ind assistance made possible the prochiclion of
this volume.
Only a few can be mentioned here by name. Fhe writeis have jjrcjiited
Irom the
direction and supervision of Mr. Chester Wardlow, former Historical
Research
Officer, Office of the Chief of Transi)()rtati<)n. His critical
judgment and sage
counsel have added much to this book. Special thanks are due Lt. Col.
Leo J.
Meyer, who, in his capacity as Deputy Chief Histoiian, Oflice of the
Chief of
Military History (OCMH), guided the work to the editorial stage. Miss
Mary
Ann Bacon, OCMH, edited the volume and Mr. Arthur C. Henne copy-edited
it. The photographs were selected by Maj. Arthiu- T. Lawry, Chief of
the
Photographic Branch, OCMH, and the maps were prepared by the staff of
the
Cartographic Branch under the direction of Maj. James F. Holly. At all
stages
of their work, the authors received invaluable assistance from their
own office
staff, notably from Miss Marie Premauer, Mrs. Janet S. Conner, and Miss
Mary
Morrissey. The writers, however, assume full responsibility for the
judgments
expressed and for any errors of omission or commission.
Contents
Chapter Page
INTRODUCTION 3
Rail Operations 53
River Transportation 65
Chapter P^ge
Chapter Page
Demobilization 487
Chapter Page
INDEX 647
Tables
No.
Charts
9 January 1944 82
5. Tonnage Moved East of the Seine and North of the Rhone: 1944-45 . .
349
Maps
Illustrations
Movement of Troops
DUKW's in Use
Sunken Ships
Port Congestion
Rail Equipment
Climatic Extremes
Introduction
The entrance of the United States into
World War II created transportation
problems of unprecedented scope and
complexity. Requirements for the deploy-
ment of military forces and materiel to
oversea commands and their intratheater
movement dwarfed those of World War I,
in which men and supplies were moved
over a relatively short sea line of com-
munications to well-established, protected
ports for action on a single major front. In
World War II much larger forces were
e^mployed overseas on far-flung active and
inactive fronts. Their deployment and
support, as well as the provision of con-
siderable assistance to our Allies, made it
necessary to spread shipping over sea
lanes encircling the globe. The reception
and distribution of cargoes and personnel
in the theaters were rendered more diffi-
cult by the lack of port, storage, and other
base facilities in many areas of the Pacific,
the North Atlantic, and Alaska; by exten-
sive destruction of ports and railroads in
France and Italy; and by unsatisfactory
lines of communication in such backward
areas as North Africa, Iran, and India.
Furthermore, amphibious operations on a
scale hitherto undreamed of had to be
undertaken in both the transatlantic and
the transpacific theaters in order to come
to grips with the Axis powers and to ad-
vance on their homelands. The move-
ment of assault forces and their equip-
ment to and across beaches alone con-
stituted transportation tasks of great
magnitude.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
The Atlantic
and Caribbean Bases
10
11
12
' ' Milner, be. at.; Memo, CG AAF for CofE, 1 Jun
42, sub: Addtl Rqmts, NE Ferry Route, in Supple-
ment 4, Hist Monograph, U.S. Army Base, Fort
Chimo, NAD CE, Mar 46, OCMH Files; AG Ltr
320.2 (7-23-42) MS-E-M, 27 Jul 42, sub: Comd, Sup,
and Adm, Crimson Project; Stetson Conn and Byron
Fairchild, The Western Hemisphere, Vol. I, The
Framework of Hemisphere Defense, Ch. XHI, pp.
47-54, a volume in preparation for the series
UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.
13
Greenland
14
15
16
Iceland
-^ Rpt 832, Dir Intel Div BPE, 26 Jun 45, sub: Ob-
servations at Greenland, OCT HB North America
17
li
19
" Hist Red, TC IBC, Jul 4 1 -Oct 43, pp. 2 1 -26, and
Exhibit S, OCT HB Iceland.
20
21
Puerto Rieo
22
■'" Rpt, Allin and Stone, Puerto Rico, and Ltr to Col
Clinton F. Robinson, 19 Mar 43, Dir Contl Div SOS,
OCT HB P.R. Dept.
23
24
Truudad
25
26
27
Panama Canal
28
29
30
CHAPTER II
32
33
34
35
36
" Trans Sv Hist Red, Jul 42, Supt ATS, Ft. Rich-
ardson, Alaska, 8 Aug 42, OCT HB Alaska Corres;
Alaskan Dept Hist, Ch. VHI; G-4 Per Rpt, Fiq ADC,
Initial Rpt, 10 Dec 42, p. 7.
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
■•' SPE Hist Rpt VIII, OCT HB SPE; Ltr and Incl,
DeWitt to CofS, 1 Oct 42, sub: Construction of Fltg
Equip for the NW, and Memo, Handy to TAG, 1 Dec
42, sub: Shipping Rqmts for Alaska, OPD 565.4 Sec
I Cases 1-36.
45
46
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
'" NWSC MPRs, Sep 44, pp. 3-4, Dec 44, pp. 3, 7,
DRBAGO.
47
April 1943 the three port companies on
duty at Seward, together with civilian
longshoremen, discharged approximately
38,000 measurement tons of Army cargo.
48
49
50
51
52
53
Rail Operations
54
"' See ADC Trans Hist, Rpt IV, Tab, 7 14th ROB,
upon which the discussion of the battalion's activities
is based.
■'" Memo, ACofS G-4 for TAG, 1 2 Aug 43, sub: G-4
Per Rpt, ADC, for qtr ending 30 Jun 43, AG Opns
Rpts 319.1, 12 Aug 43 (2).
55
" Memo, Gross for ACofS G-4, 3 Mar 44, sub: Opn
by U.S. Army of Seward-Fairbanks RR, OCT 320.2
Alaska Jan-Aug 44; Memo, Gen Lutes, Dir Plans and
Opns ASF, for CofT, 23 Mar 44, same sub, and
Memo, Brig Gen Stanley L. Scott, Dir Ping Div, for
Actg Dir Plans and Opns ASF, 19 Apr 45, sub: Re-
cruitment of Pers for Alaska RR. ASF Ping Div A47-
192 Vol. 19 Alaska RR Alaska; Rpt, Year 1945, 7I4th
Railway Operating Battalion, AG Opns Rpts TCBN-
714-0.1 (30030) M Yr 1945.
56
57
59
60
61
62
64
Tractor-Train Operation
65
66
67
68
CHAPTER III
Build-up in Britain
70
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
71
72
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
73
74
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
75
76
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
77
TRANSPORTATION REGIONS
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
October 1943
MAP 2
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
79
80
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
On
>H
oi
<::
<
<
CO
co"
O
CO
IS
<;
h
oi
O
b
O
5
u
b
O
O
u
a
" D i: D w
^ E — — i
I
O
■S: M tn
D £! c
(J — —
o ^ E
= Zo
<Qi|—
a c
1^
^ 00
- ^ 2
■ Q. ^
■qQD
a
ft)
Q
5 S! >.^
^
0>
>
ftl
on
.1^
on
lA
^>.
c
^
(J
c
D
c
c
D
a
on
a.
5,2:
6 S
5 c
Oil-
n on on ui ■- ZLi. •-,
XQiQ-U-Q. h-
<;
o
ai
O
X
U
^5g ^
a. on^ CD?
0,-1 D 6) c U.5
_r o ;^ (J Oi= c
D .^ TT -<r &» 3 2
>^ Li- -^ -C Q. Q. I—
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
83
84
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
85
86
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
87
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
89
90
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
91
93
94
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
95
' ' Ugl^' was the shipping designator for Great Brit-
ain. See WD Pamphlet 38-4, Shipping Designators,
10Jul45. p. 18.
96
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
97
98
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
99
100
"" Memo, ACofS for Opns ASF for Dir Stock Contl
Div ASF, 17 Apr 43, sub: Cargo Shipts to UK, OCT
HB Wylie Cargo; Rad, Hq ASF (Somervell) for CO
ETO, 20 Apr 43, CM-OUT 8 1 65, OCT HB Wylie
Shipping and Cargo for UK (1943-44).
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
101
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
103
Month
Total . . .
1942
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1943
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1944
January
February
March
April
May
June
All
Ports
Northern
Ireland
Mersey
Bristol
Channel
Clyde
Other •>
Cumulative
Monthly
1,792,512
104, 459
580, 340
166,115
937,654
3,944
4,058
4,058
4,058
4,058
11,962
7,904
7,904
11,962
36, 644
24, 682
22,113
431
2,121
17
56, 090
19, 446
7,130
90
12,226
82, 249
26, 159
272
7,385
18,500
156,118
73, 869
2,545
17,718
13,538
40, 068
184,927
28, 809
325
143
16
28,325
224, 765
39, 838
44
6,526
3,897
29, 356
15
232,517
7,752
152
512
170
6,918
241,839
9, 322
262
15
10
9,035
255, 190
13,351
370
560
12,421
256, 596
1,406
778
471
157
257, 873
1,277
620
185
472
259,951
2,078
1,574
501
279, 171
19, 220
9
268
18,943
329, 143
49, 972
5,774
626
43,571
382,417
53,274
171
11,936
176
40, 748
143
424, 098
41,681
10, 445
178
31,021
36
505,214
81,116
36, 156
5, 400
39, 533
26
610, 771
105,557
13,893
34,017
13, 798
42, 756
1,093
784,631
173,860
60, 168
19, 723
93, 888
71
918,347
113,716
21,741
32, 193
7,263
72,335
184
1, 084, 752
166, 405
5,391
62,007
23, 120
75, 866
21
1,221,436
136,684
4,898
48, 585
14,937
67, 916
348
1, 345, 848
124,412
2,660
36, 087
16, 447
68, 359
859
1, 562, 547
216,699
10, 898
79,817
28,388
c 97, 373
223
1,671,010
108, 463
70, 505
13,814
23,356
788
1,792,512
121,502
56, 479
506
64, 491
26
•> Other ports include those in the Humber, Thames, and Scottish East
areas.
"^The figure for debarkations in Clyde area during April 1944, listed
as 105,987 in the TC Historical Report, Volume III. has been cor-
rected to conform to later consolidated and cumulative data.
Source: Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. Ill, Ch. VI, Table, UK Troop Arrivals by
Port Areas, January 1942-June 1944, OCT HB ETO; TC
SOS ETO MPR, 30 Jun 44, Table 1, U. S. Troops Debarked Monthly in the
United Kingdom, AG Adm 451 ETO.
104
1942-JuNE 1944
(Measurement Tons)
All Ports
Month
Cumulative Monthly
Total : 15,573,989
1942
January. .
February.
March . . .
April ....
May
June
July
August . .
23,
58,
..! 176,
..\ 279,
.} 472,
914,
September 1, 511,
October. . .
November.
December.
1943
January. . .
February. .
March. . . .
April
May
June
July
August . . .
September.
October. . .
November.
December.
1,873,
2, 039,
2, 179,
411
476
398
257
415
092
927
183
471
834
834
996
2, 297, 909
2,373,475
2, 439, 242
2, 550, 487
2,637,543
2, 986, 443
3, 656, 467
4, 409, 896
5,187,998
6, 144, 886
6,935,640
7, 943, 790
1944
January 8,830,149
February 9,646,097
March 11,089,345
April I 12,567,996
May 14,050,290
June I 15,573,989
23,
34,
15,
102,
102,
193,
441,
597,
362,
165,
140,
411
065
922
859
158
677
835
256
288
363
503
659
117,913
75, 566
65, 767
111,245
87, 056
348, 900
670, 024
753, 429
778, 102
956, 888
790, 754
1,008.150
886,359
815,948
1,443,248
1,478,651
1,482,294
1,523,699
Northern
Ireland
Mersey
Clyde
Bristol
Channel
Humber
Other
559, 888
411
23,065
34, 922
15,589
34,256
59, 440
38,421
58, 762
16, 825
7,140
3,013
1,933
1,079
744
13,643
53, 094
20, 440
22, 163
11,177
30, 827
14,511
48, 872
26, 856
17,887
2,480
2,068
24,451
119,675
151,969
256,933
268, 100
95,614
82,971
56, 723
45, 049
24, 208
32, 064
12,245
103,423
229,157
185,482
206, 682
259, 652
219,905
227, 448
285, 260
205, 761
427, 301
367, 746
627, 668
616,430
21,488
12, 742
12,405
31,355
75, 464
39, 358
35,423
13,916
142
4, 304
3, 814
12,015
43,967
43,631
46, 495
75,891
49, 109
60, 182
43, 381
71, 800
81,616
128,787
82, 02.6
131,691
264, 152
1,651
4,558
23, 334
167, 893
180,316
35,036
31,117
31,881
16,642 36,540
25, 943
34,212
J}, 548
55, 195
170,703
272,977
302,217
301, 760
340, 348
302, 880
453, 548
301,119
314,367
638, 062
692,958
417,897
378,622
842
24, 706
54, 775
9,015
336
7, 385
1,590
470
1,031
3,461
6,671
40, 575
48, 280
72, 596
73, 297
85,491
94, 040
71,893
45, 647
86, 237
119,978
219,679
216,978
14, 983
1,486
6, 571
12,975
3, 714
2. 573
5, 339
3,688
2,573
788
4,140
24, 136
70,041
117,861
100, 733
212,319
111,119
158,906
141,776
119,685
136,005
198,056
82, 879
45, 449
Source: TC SOS ETO MPR, 30 Jun 44, Table 6B— U. S. Army Cargo by Port
Areas— Measurement Tons, AG Adm 451 ETO.
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
105
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
107
108
' -■" Memo, Dir Ping Div ASF for CofT, 14 Apr 44,
sub: Ships for UK in May and June, and Memo, Dep
Dir for Plans and Opns ASF for CG ASF, 18 Apr 44,
sub: Status of Shipping to UK, OCT HB Wylie Ship-
ping and Cargo for UK (1943-44).
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
109
Port Operations
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
112
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
113
' ' ■ Assigned to duty with the Clyde area ports, the
5th Port was headed in turn by Col. Kenneth K. Bul-
lock and Col. Eugene A. Eversberg before being
placed under the command of Colonel Crothers on 21
December 1942.
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
115
117
118
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
119
121
"'-^ Hist Red, 14th Port, Dec 43, Jan, Feb, May-Jul
44, and Opn Overlord, 14th Port, 6 Jun-6 Sep 44,
OCT HB Oversea Ports 14th Port; Hist Rpt, TC
ETO, Vol. n, pp. 42-43, Vol. HI, Ch. IX, OCT HB
ETO; Memo, Col Meyer for Larson, 1 Mar 49, sub:
Ch on Port Opns in British Isles, OCT HB ETO UK
Ports.
122
Railway Transportation
123
124
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
'' ' Memo, ACofS for Opns SOS for ACofS for Ma-
terial SOS WD, 16 Jan 43; Paraphrase of Cbl to Gen
Macready, British Army Staff, 20 Jan 43. Both in
OCT 453.01-453.3 England 43. See also Hancock
and Gowing, op. cit., p. 482; and Memo, Ross for
Gross, 28 May 43, sub: Rpt, Mil Ry Activities. OCT
453 England Jan-Jun 43.
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
125
126
Motor Transport
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
127
129
"•' Ltrs, Ross for Gross, 19 Jun and 8 Jul 42, OCT
HB Gross Day File. Cf Hancock and Gowing, op cil.,
pp. 480-83.
130
131
-"- Memo, Ross for Gross, Sep 43, sub: Rpt Mil Ry
Activities ETO, OCT 453 England Jul-Dec 43;
Memo, Ross for Gross, 30 Jul 43, same sub, OCT
319.1 England.
Marine Equipment
133
-' ' Memo, Ross for Gross, Sep 43, sub: Mil Ry Ac-
tivities ETO, OCT 453 England Jul-Dec 43; Memo,
Actg ACofT for Sup for Chief Field Svs Gp OCT, 25
Oct 43, sub: Spare Parts, OCT 453.3 1 England 43.
-" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. Ill, Gh. XIII, pp. 1-3,
OCT HB ETO.
BUILD-UP IN BRITAIN
135
-'" Hist Rpt. TC ETO, Vol. Ill, Ch. XIII, pp. 1-5,
OCT HB ETO; Rpt, History and Activities, OCT
Supply Division, 29 Aug 45, OCT HB ETO Sup Div.
CHAPTER IV
North Africa
NOR IH AFRICA
137
138
MAP 3
NORTH AFRICA
139
LINES OF COMMUNICATION
IN FRENCH NORTH AFRICA
— Main road
140
NORTH AFRICA
141
142
' ' Memo, CofS SOS WD for CofS USA, 2 1 Aug 42,
sub: Need for Early Definition of Forces . . . , Hq
CofS WDGS (2). 1942 (Somervell File). Cf. OCT HB
Monograph 9, pp. 30-31.
"" See Study, Maj William C. Frierson, Prepara-
tions for Torch, pp. 27-28, OCMH Files; Ltrs, Ross
to Gross, 10 and 21 Sep, 14 Oct 42, OCT HB Gross
ETO— Gen Ross. Cf. Ruppenthal, op. at., pp. 87-99.
NORTH AFRICA
143
' ' Memo, Gross for Somervell, 2 Oct 42, sub: Cargo
Ships for Special Opn, and Memo, ACofS for Opns
SOS for CofT SOS WD, Nov 42, sub: Necessity for
Info of Flow of Sup, OCT HB Meyer Staybacks.
144
NORTH AFRICA
145
NORTH AFRICA
147
148
Organization of Transportation
in North Africa
NORTH AFRICA
149
(later Brig. Gen.) Archelaus L. Hamblen
(American). This office differed from the
normal U.S. Army G-4 section in that it
did not include transportation functions,
which were placed in a separate Move-
ments and Transportation Section, headed
by Col. (later Brigadier) A. T. de Rhe
Philipe (British), the senior Allied trans-
portation officer on the staff. '' This organ-
ization was to provide the framework for
co-operating American and British trans-
portation staffs. As outlined in AFHQ
movement and transportation instruc-
tions, issued by General Eisenhower on 20
October 1942 as a guide to the task forces,
the U.S. Army Transportation Corps staff
and the British Q (Movements) staff were
in principle to form a combined Move-
ments and Transportation organization. '"'
Both staffs were to be individually respon-
sible through their own normal channels
of command to the Chief Administrative
Officer, AFHQ, for the efficient employ-
ment of their respective services. Together,
they were to be responsible for policy and
for allocation of facilities to the various
operating areas in accordance with the re-
quirements of the theater commander. At
the outset certain common measures were
enjoined, such as standard documentation
for rail shipments and the pooling of
available transportation facilities as soon
as contact was established between the
task forces. The instructions also provided
for the establishment of a North African
Shipping Board (NASBO). Headed by a
civilian BMWT official, and representing
both American and British interests,
NASBO was to serve as a co-ordinating
agency for all shipping matters arising in
the Torch area.^'
150
NORTH AFRICA
151
one base section and/or British, and/or
French transportation. He allocated
transportation troops and equipment to
the base sections, and he exercised such
over-all control as was required to insure
efficient operation of the Transportation
Corps throughout the theater. "
152
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
NORTH AFRICA
153
Following the assault landings, Casa-
blanca and Oran were used as the two
main ports of entry for the U.S. Army.
Possessing extensive port facilities and rep-
resenting insurance against enemy closure
of the Strait of Gibraltar, Casablanca re-
mained important throughout the North
African campaign. However, beginning
early in 1943 an increasing proportion of
the incoming tonnage was shipped into
the Mediterranean for discharge at Oran
and smaller ports in its vicinity, and after
March Casablanca was no longer used to
capacity.^*' Algiers remained in British
hands.
Casablanca
154
NORTH AFRICA
155
"■' Ltrs, Col Parrish, 1 Jul 50, and Col Tank, 1 1 Jul
50, to Harold Larson, OCT HB Inquiries.
■'^ See Col Parker rpt cited n. 56, pp. 1-2, 11-16,
30-36, 40-43, and Exhibit Q3.
156
Or an
NORTH AFRICA
157
158
'■■ Hist Red, 'Frans Sec EBS, 22 Feb-30 Apr 43, pp.
6-8, 10, OC'F HB North Africa.
NORTH AFRICA
159
"■ Hist Red, Trans Sec EBS, 1 May-30 Jun 43, pp.
44-49, 53-55, and 1 Jul-20 Sep 43, pp. 41-50, OCT
HB North Africa.
160
NORTH AFRICA
16:
Base Central
Highway Transport
'-' See Sharp lecture cited n. 13, pp. 8-12; and Hist
Red, OCT AFHQ NATOUSA, activation to 3 1 Oct
43, Sec. Ill and Tab A, OCT HE North Africa.
162
Early Operations
NORTH AFRICA
163
164
NORTH AFRICA
165
Convov UGS-5'/2
'•" Hist Red, Trans Sec EBS. 22 Feb-30 Apr 43, pp.
10-14.
166
167
168
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
Railway Operations
Initial Activities
NORTH AFRICA
169
171
172
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
NORTH AFRICA
173
174
NORTH AFRICA
175
176
' '■' Figures are in long tons per mile. Sec Hist Red,
Adv Ech Hq MRS North Africa, 27 Jan-30 Apr 43,
Exhibit 60, OCT HB North Africa.
NORTH AFRICA
177
the CFM by the Transportation Corps was
fifteen 2-8-0 standard-gauge steam loco-
motives, which were needed because of in-
sufficient electric power. The CFM natu-
rally became less significant as the Allies
advanced eastward. It served as insurance,
however, for had the Strait of Gibraltar
been closed by enemy action it would
have become a vital line of communica-
tions from Casablanca to the Mediter-
ranean.
178
NORTH AFRICA
179
180
Prisoners of War
' '■• See Hist Red, Trans Sec EBS, 1 May-30Jun 43,
pp. 18-19, 40-41, and Hist Red, OCT AFHQ
NATOUSA, activation to 31 Oct 43, Sec. HI, pars.
26, 29, 31, OCT HB North Africa; SOP, Hq MBS,
Evacuation of Prisoners of War, 1 1 May 43, OCT HB
Ocean Trans POW.
NORTH AFRICA
181
182
NORTH AFRICA
183
185
186
187
<;
u
rh
c/)
eJ
c^
ca
Ix.
c;
o
b
<
C/0
<
( >
rT(
^
b-,
O N
<
P
SI
<
<"
t.3
.'Vl
r.
<
(kS
<
M
i—
<
a:
o
CL
<
>
UJ
LU
I
I "5
>
< ; 8
q: t; "
1^^
Z --D
5^!
<
< c ?
<
a= o
I
>
Z - 2
< S S
LU S -^
> - 5
< '^ g
'
<
z RS
a
<
<
Q.
3
C)
_l
^~
()
;^
()
s
o
ti
Q_
o % 1,
O i
O g 5
O t £
Q_ O -
O 5 °
J- ■ <y
■^ ^ ^
(i. _^- C
O -= o
<
Isi
z=>
6"?^
iSEi^" 1
QC
< 2! g
<
^-w -
w
c . *
u.
^z§
„0 5
c"N a S
§5 --i
iy = i
< 5 §
3 5-
o||
of ^
Q. -^
5Ci °
2"°i
ZO a
< :€ "
O *"5
I -
5-E
^ CI £
c5.2
3-DW
5 -o
i Q. a
< € a
0-55
O S^°r ■
189
190
191
Preinvasion Preparations
192
193
-■' See Diary cited n. 24, entries for 29 Apr, 27, 29,
and 31 May, 1, 3, 4, 15, and 29 Jun 43.
194
195
Supplies and equipment for the 45th
were assembled at the port much more
efficiently than had those for Torch, in
large measure because a standard proce-
dure had been developed by the Move-
ments Branch, ASF. A few last-minute
items had to be delivered by air. Vehicles
required the usual protective waterproof-
ing for an amphibious landing. Stowage
was planned by a ship transportation offi-
cer (formerly called transport quartermas-
ter) assigned to each combat-loaded vessel.
Middleton's force was to carry 21 days'
supply of rations and packaged gasoline,
together with 7 units of fire.
■'' Diary cited n. 24, entries for 12-16 Apr 43; Hist
of Preparation for Mvmt of 45th Div, Vol. IV, Sec.
II, Tab E. The G-4 later reported that palletizing
had expedited the unloading of ships and the clearing
of beaches in Sicily. On the development of the useful
5-gallon blitz can (sometimes called Jerry can) see
Erna Risch, The Quartermaster Corps: Organization, Sup-
ply and Services, I, UNITED STATES ARMY IN
WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1953), 144-46.
196
'- Seventh Arniv Rj^t ofOpns Pt. II, G-\ Rpt, pp.
E-3, E- 13, and E-14.
197
Cargo
Area Personnel (DWT) f'ehicles
^" Seventh Army Rpt of Opns, Pt. II, G-4 Rpt, pp.
E-15 and E-16. Total of vehicles has been corrected.
198
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
■>■' Ibid., Pt. II, G-4 Rpt, pp. E-2, E-21, and E-22.
200
201
sonnel proved difficult, especially for
manning a proposed traffic control organ-
ization. Early in July the creation of the
provisional 6623d Regulating Company
of 50 officers and 200 enlisted men, how-
ever, solved the problem of a traffic con-
trol unit. The 6623d also furnished part
of the staff and all of the operating per-
sonnel for a Highway Division under the
Transportation Branch of G-4, U.S.
Seventh Army.
202
203
204
'■■' Hist, 389th Port Bn, 1 May 43-30 Apr 44, OCT
HB North Africa Misc Data — Italy.
205
'" Hist, 6th Port, III, 3-5 and Exhibit B-3, OCT
HB Oversea Ports; Interv, Sidney T. Mathews with
Brig Gen Ralph H. Tate (Ret.), former G-4 of Fifth
Army, 19 Jan 49, OCMH Files.
206
' ' Hist, 6th Port, III, 9, II, 14-18, OCT HB Over-
sea Ports; Hist, 389th Port Bn, 1 May 43-30 Apr 44,
OCT HB North Africa Misc Data — Italy.
207
'" Hist Red, U.S. Trans Sec AAI, 27 Feb-1 Apr 44,
OCT HB North Africa AFHQ AAI Rpts.
208
"' See Hist Red, Trans Sec PBS, 1 Dec 44, OCT
HB North Africa PBS.
209
Anzio
''■ Clark, op. cit., pp. 254-60; Diary, Gen Lucas, III,
1-7. 1 1-15, and App. 4, OCMH Files.
210
'" Sec .')4()th Eni^r Combat Regt rpt cited n. 89; and
A/irio Hmihhmd, pp. 8-9, 13-19, 24-26, 113.
211
212
Leghorn
'"' From 1 May 1944 the 8th Port was divided into
detachments, which functioned in Corsica and at
An/io, Civitavecchia, and Piombino until reunited in
Najjles at the close of June 1944.
213
"^ TCPI Bull 10, Item 26, 13 Nov 44, and Bull 12,
Item 33, 7 Dec 44; Hist Red, U.S. Trans Sec AAI
Adv Ech, 3-30 Sep 44, OCT HB North Africa.
214
Rail Transport
215
'"« Hist Red, 6th Port, Vol. Ill, Exhibit B-5, OCT
HB Oversea Ports.
216
'" Hist Red, 703d Ry Grand Div, Oct 43, and Hist
Red, 713th Ry Operating Bn, Oct-Nov 43, OCT HB
North Africa Ry Units.
217
218
"-* Hist Red, 703d Ry Grand Div, Jan and Mar 44,
OCT HB North Africa Ry Units; Hist Red. 760th Ry
Diesel Shop Bn, 2 Apr 44, OCT HB North Africa
760th Ry Diesel Shop Bn.
219
220
1 1(1 p^pf of the line, about six miles from Pisa, had
already been opened to serve forward ammunition de-
pots. See Pamphlet, 774th Ry Grand Div, Reconstruc-
tion of Line 219 Florence to Pisa, Italy, 4 Apr 45,
OCT HB North Africa Rv Units.
221
' •' Hist Red, 774th Ry Grand Div. Apr and May
45, OCT HB North Africa Ry Units.
222
' ■' For the complete list through D plus 49, see Hist
Red, SOS NATOUSA. 1-30 Sep 43. Incl 6, OCT HB
North Africa.
223
'" See copy with Hist Red. U.S. Trans Sec AFHQ
AAE. 26 Dec 43- 1 Jan 44, OCT HB North Africa.
224
'"■ Hist Red, U.S. Trans Sec AAI, 1 Oct-4 Nov 44,
OCT HB North Africa; Hist Red, 7 19th Ry Operat-
ing Bn, Nov 44, OCT HB North Africa Ry Units;
Trans News Ltr, MTOUSA, 10 Nov 44, OCT HB
North Africa.
225
226
Typi
Peninsular
Bast
Section
Fifth
Army
Other Transport
227
ities.' '' Movement of the vast quantities of
100-octane gasoline required for airplanes
and 80-octane gasoline for tanks and vehi-
cles was possible only because of pipelines,
since neither tank cars nor tank trucks
were available in sufficient numbers.''"
Pipelines
Air Transport
' " 1st Ind, Exec Officer OCT AFHQ to OCT ASF,
Washington, 29 May 44, OCT HB North Africa
Pipelines.
228
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
Animal Transport
43, Jan-Mar 44, p. 6 with atchd air rpt, and Apr- Jun
229
mules to equip hastily organized Italian
pack-train companies. The Peninsular
Base Section acquired mules from every
possible source within the theater but it
was unable to meet all demands. Impor-
tation of American mules was deemed in-
advisable because they would require
large amounts of hay and grain that could
not be procured locally, whereas Italian
mules were accustomed to getting along
on home-grown hay and tibben (chopped
straw).'"' The forage problem in Italy be-
came so serious that in the fall of 1943 an
AFHQ Joint Purchasing Forage Board
was established. The necessary shoes,
nails, and pack equipment also proved
hard to procure. However, by 12 Decem-
ber 1943, Fifth Army had 2,257 pack ani-
mals, and the number increased steadily
during the winter months.""'
230
231
'" ^ Hist, 10th Port, Nov and Dec 45, DRB AGO.
232
'' ' On the 774th and its successors, see the follow-
ing: Hist Red, 774th Ry Grand Div, Oct 45; Monthly
Statistical and Progress Rpt, 774th Ry Grand Div,
Feb-Mar 46; Hist Red, MRS Italy, 6603d Ry Super-
visory Gp; Hist Red, 7107th Ry Supervisory Gp
(Ovhd), Oct 46, Aug 47. All in OCT HB North Africa
Ry Units. Also see Ltr, Sidney E. London to Larson,
6 Jul 51, OCT HB Inquiries.
CHAPTER VI
235
General Concepts
237
longed dependence on beaches and un-
protected anchorages might well prove
disastrous, they provided for the erection
of two artificial ports on the far shore, one
to be American-operated, and for the early
opening of Cherbourg and a number of
minor Normandy ports. Mindful of the
World War I experience, the Allied plan-
ners relied on the capture of the Brittany
ports, notably Brest, to furnish enough
capacity to handle a large part of the in-
coming traffic in the latter stages of the
operation. It was contemplated that the
lines of communication would have to
depend on motor transport for much of
the Overlord period, with such relief as
could be provided by pipelines. Destruc-
tion of rail facilities was expected to make
rail operations impracticable before D plus
50, other than for local port clearance, and
to limit traffic for some time thereafter.'
Transportation planning dealt with the
phasing in of transportation headquarters,
units, and equipment and the progressive
development of activities at each stage of
operations. During the first phase, D to D
plus 25, the Transportation Corps would
provide troops and equipment to assist the
Engineer special brigades assigned to the
First Army in the discharge of cargo,
vehicles, and personnel through the St.
Laurent-sur-Mer (Omaha), La Madeleine
(Utah), and Quineville beaches, the
artificial port at St. Laurent-sur-Mer
(Mulberry A), and the nearby minor
ports of Isigny, Grandcamp-les-Bains, and
St. Vaast-la-Hougue. The Corps would
also furnish men and equipment to
ADSEC to operate the ports of Cher-
bourg, Barfleur, and Granville; clear sup-
plies from ports to forward depots and
units; establish traffic control in the major
port area; operate any rehabilitated rail-
way rolling stock that had been captured;
238
239
Motor Transport
240
241
242
Rail Transportation
243
244
245
246
247
248
Amphibious Exercises
HB i:ro.
249
250
252
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
WEYMOUTH
DARTMOUTH
PLYMOUTH
FALMOUTH
FRANCE
254
'» Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. Ill, Ch. VI, pp. 1-6,
OCT HB ETO.
255
256
257
258
■■' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. Ill, Ch. VII, pp. 6-8,
OCr HB ETO; Hist, 14th Port, Opn Overlord, pp.
6 7, 9-11, 17, and App., Sec. HI, OCT HB Oversea
Ports.
259
'■' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. HI, Ch. VII, pp. 10-14;
OCT HB ETO; Hist, 14th Port. Sep 45, App. (Saga of
Y-Boat Fleet), OCT HB Oversea Ports. Cf. Ltr, Ross
to Gross, 6 Jun 44, OCT HB Gross ETO — Gen Ross.
260
For For
Omaha Utah
261
262
263
264
'- Hist Critique, pp. 35-37, 53; Hist, 14th Port, Opn
Overlord, Sec. IV, Statistics, Daily Red of Vehicles
Loaded. 6 ,Jun-6 Sep 44, and Daily Red of Personnel
Embarked^ 7 Jun-6 Sep 44; Hist, 17th Port, Ch. VI,
pp. 33, 39. Last two in OCT HB Oversea Ports.
' ' Hist Critique, p. 33; Gen Bd Rpt, USFET, Study
22, p. 1 2, OCT HB ETO.
265
Cargo
266
268
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
269
270
Omaha Beach
The magnitude of the attack by the
U.S. V Corps at Omaha caused the First
U.S. Army to provide the support of two
Engineer special brigades (the 5th and
6th) and one port headquarters (the 1 1th).
Over-all control was vested in a single
headquarters, which, with various at-
tached units, constituted the Provisional
Engineer Special Brigade Group, under
the command of Brig. Gen. William M.
Hoge.^"^ Included in the headquarters was
a Port, or G-5, Section, headed by Lt. Col.
Carl Biehl, formerly with the 1 1th Port.
271
272
273
274
275
'«' MS. Whitcomb, One War, Ch. IX, pp. 4-5, Ch.
XI, p. ll,OCTHB.
276
Utah Beach
Since the operation at Utah Beach was
planned on a smaller scale than at Omaha,
the task was assigned to a single Engineer
special brigade (the 1st), reinforced by
necessary service troops.'" Among the
units assigned or attached to the brigade
were one amphibian truck battalion with
seven companies, three port battalions
with sixteen companies, and one Quarter-
master truck battalion with five compa-
nies. Also, on 10 June 1944, a detachment
of six officers and thirty-two enlisted men
from the 1 1th Port arrived to assist in the
discharge of ships at anchor. The mission
of the brigade and its attached troops was
to support the U.S. VII Corps. The latter,
after consolidating the beachhead, was to
277
278
"-^ Hist Rpt, TCETO, Vol. IV, Sec. II, p. 10, and
Vol. V, Ft. I, Ch. II, p. 62, OCT HB ETO; Neptune
Rpt, Omaha Beach, pp. 1 66-7 1 .
'■" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, Sec. II, pp. 10, 13,
and Vol. II, Ft. I, Ch. II, p. 62, OCT HB ETO; Nep-
tune Rj)t, pp. 159-66.
279
>-» Hist Rpt, 1 1th Port, Aug and Sep 44, OCT HB
Oversea Ports; MS, Whitcomb, One War, Ch. XII,
pp. 7 8, OCT HB.
280
'-■■' Hist, 4th Port, Jun 44-Oct 45, pp. 8-14, OCT
HB Oversea Ports; Special Rpt, Cherbourg Port Re-
construction, 5 Mar 45, compiled by Col Crist, OCT
HB ETO France Ports. See also Memo, Col Beeler,
Trans Officer ADSEC, to CofT ETO USA, 3 Jul 44,
AG 319.1 Rpts from the Far Shore TC USFET.
281
'-« Hist, 4th Maj Port, Jun 44-Oct 45, pp. 15-16,
18; Daily Diary, 4th Port T-410, Opns Vehicle Sec,
entries for 16 and 21 Jul 44; Hist, 4th Port, activa-
tion to 14 Sep 44, p. 1 1. All in OCT HB Oversea
Ports. Also see MS, Hist Sec ETO, Cherbourg — Gate-
way to France, pp. i-iv, OCMH Files.
282
283
' '' Ibid. See also Ltr and atchd comments, Col
Ayers to Larson, 19 Apr 50, OCT HB Inquiries.
284
' " Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, Sec. HI, pp. 1-5,
and Hist, Trans Sec ADSEC, activation to 30 Sep 44,
p|). 7, 11-12, OCT HB ETO; Hist, Hq MTB TC
(Prov), 8 May to 30Jun 44, ADSEC COMZONE
OCT HB ETO MTB Rpts.
285
286
' '■ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, pp. 1-7, OCT HB
ETO; Final Rpt, Chief Engineer ETO, 1942-45, pp.
281-87, OCT HB.
' ' ' Phone Conv, Col Stokes, OCT, with Gen Ross,
8 Jul 44, OCT HB ETO — Gen Ross; Hist Rpt, TC
ETO, Vol. IV, Sec. IV, pp. 7-8, and Hist, Trans Sec
ADSEC COMZONE ETOUSA, activation to 30
Sep 44, p. 1 7, OCT HB ETO.
" ■ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, Sec. IV, pp. 9, 13,
OCT HB ETO. Deliveries of rail equipment from the
L'nited Kingdom to the Continent under the joint
LI. S. -British rail ferrying program ultimately totaled
approximately 2,000 locomotives, 20,000 freight cars,
500 passenger cars, and a large amount of miscellane-
ous ecjuipment. See Consolidated Rpt on TC Activi-
ties in ETO, Annex 8, p. 17.
287
"" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, Sec. IV, pp. 12,
14-16, OCTHB ETO.
288
289
CHAPTER VII
France
291
292
" Hist, 6th Port, Vol. V,Jul-Oct 44, pp. 1-2, OCT
HB Oversea Ports; Adm and Logistical Hist ETO, Pt.
Vn, p. 109; Hist Rpt, Office of Trans and Mvmt
GONAD, Jul-Nov 44. OCT HB ETO Hist Rpts.
293
Mounting Dragoon
Beach Operations
" Adm and Logistical Hist ETO, Pt. VII, pp. 116-
17; Rpt, Consolidated Historical Report on Transpor-
tation Activities in the European Theater of Opera-
tions . . ., Annex 8, Military Railway Service, p. 60,
OCT HB ETO; Hist Red,' OTO SOLOC, p. 21,
OCT HB ETO SOLOC.
'- For details on the mounting of Dragoon see MS,
Hq COMZONE ETO, Communication Zone Activi-
ties in Support of the European Campaign . . ., Sec.
II, Pt. IV, OCT HB ETO. Also see Adm and Logis-
tical Hist ETO, Pt. VII, pp. 26-27; and SACMED
Report, p. 24.
294
295
'« Ibid., p. 41; Hist, 6th Port, Vol. VI, pp. 21-22,
and Exhibit D, OCT HB Oversea Ports; Hist Red,
OCT AFHQNATOUSA, Jul-Sep 44, pp. 25, 30, and
Exhibit I-l, and Oct-Dec 44, p. 2, OCT HB North
Africa.
••' Hist, 6th Port, Vol. V, pp. 10-11, 13, and Ex-
hibit F, OCT HB Oversea Ports; 6th Port Hq memo
cited n 18; Hist Red, AFHQ, Jul-Sep 44, pp. 25, 30,
and Exhibit G, OCT HB North Africa.
296
297
300
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
CHAPTER VIII
302
303
304
' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, Ch. L pp. 1-2, and
Vol. V, Pt. L Ch. H, p. 1, OCT HB ETO.
305
>" Hist Rpt. TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. I, Ch. II, pp.
2-6, Vol. VII. Pt. 1. Ch. II. pp. 1-3. \'ol. IX, Ch. II.
p. l,OCTHBETO.
ON
<
<
CO
o
u
o
<
<
H
b
O
u
u
t,
O
a:
H
O
ai
<
I ■"
I j>
z «
t^ s.
<z s
13
<5J
>
<:?
Sf/
hi<
> N
2z<
-S 5
^Slu.
S<o
^go
2°^
5
■^ 2
°yi
<
"
_l
^
^-J
;z s
.zO
E5i
2S;-
-|s^°
^0 S
2
> ^
I 5
z J
< j;
z S
< 1
'-'
2" 5
1
35
^1
|z
is'
'
1 1 1 1 .
^^
>
1 5:
^<<
z u
<
ii
>
ill
2°2
oz i
2£ -
z "S
<m
Zu.
<
l< *
<
z
m
1
^
^^
T—L—L
]Z^Ll_r
307
308
309
310
311
312
Cargo Dis-
charged Personnel
Ports (Long Tons) Debarked
313
Cherbourg
'- Hist, 4th Port, 1 Oct 44-15 Nov 44, pp. 1-3, 6-8,
10, OCT HB Oversea Ports; Interv with Col Sibley,
28 Jan 53, OCT HB ETO Ports; MS, Hist Sec ETO,
Cherbourg— Gateway to France, Ch. X, p. 4, OCMH
Files.
314
■'" Hist, 4th Port, 1 Oct- 15 Nov 44, pp. 1-3, 6-8, 10,
OCT HB Oversea Ports.
315
Cleartd by
Rail
Cleared
by Truck
1,212
27,257
94, 692
152,731
162,021
166,118
191, 307
161,814
242, 004
150,026
155,797
97, 202
Cargo
Discharged
July 31,627
August 266,444
October 365,592
December 250,112
316
I.e Havre
317
''' Hist Rpt, 16th Maj Port, Oct-Nov 44, pp. 8-9.
and Qtrlv Hist Summary, 16th Maj Port, Jan- Mar
45, pp. 1-2, OCT HB Oversea Ports.
318
Rouen
"- Hist, 16th Maj Port, Jun 45, pp. 1-4, OCT HB
Oversea Ports; Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 1,
pp. 240-41. and Pt. Ill, App. 3, and Vol. XVIII, Pt.
1, Ch. 1, p. 2, and Pt. 2, Sec. II, p. 151, OCT HB
ETO.
319
Marseille
320
Antwerp
■■■ Hist, 6th Port, Vol. VI, pp. 17-19, and Exhibit
A, OCT HB Oversea Ports.
■" Ibid., Vol VI, pp. 5, 7-8, 21-22, 24, and E.xhibits
Dandl.
"" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 1, Ch. Ill, pp.
115, 118, Vol. X, Ch. Ill, pp. 7-8, and Vol. XIV, Ch.
Ill, pp. 1-2, OCT HB ETO. See also Hist, 6th Port,
Vol. VI, pp. 8-10, 14-15, OCT HB Oversea Ports.
321
"-' Memo, Col Murrill for Gen Ross, 10 Sep 44, sub:
Antwerp, AG USFET TC 34 Port Info. On mine
sweeping, dredging, and port rehabilitation at Ant-
werp, see Adm and Logistical Hist ETO, Pt. VII, pp.
165-72; and Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. V, Ch. Ill, 13th
Maj Port, pp. 7-10, OCT HB ETO.
322
'>■' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 2, Ch. Ill, Sec.
VI, pp. 77-78, OCT HB ETO.
323
Month
Cargo
Dis-
charged
Rail
Road
Barge
Total
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May.
Jun
432, 756
473,473
557,585
628,217
416,825
484, 667
238,518
306, 036
302,018
209, 459
147, 797
170,511
120,799
169, 469
184, 169
86, 103
72, 885
110,627
41,616
57, 868
74, 020
142,450
123,758
164, 822
400, 933
533,373
560, 207
438,012
344, 440
445, 960
'" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 2. Ch. Ill, Sec.
VI, pp. 80, 82-88, OCT HB ETO.
324
Ghent
Movement Conlrol
'-' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VIII, Pt. 1, Ch. Ill, Sec.
Ill, pp. 34-35, 38, 43, 51-52, 53-54, and Vol. X, Ch.
Ill, Sec. II, p. 27, OCT HB ETO.
" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 2, Ch. Ill, Sec.
VIII, pp. 136-48, Vol. VII, Pt. 1, Ch. Ill, Sec. IX,
pp. 259-65, and Vol. VIII, Pt. 1, Ch. Ill, Sec. Ill, pp.
31-32, 52-53. See also, 17th Maj Port, Apr-Jun 45,
OCT HB Oversea Ports. Cf. TC COMZONE
ETOUSA MPR, 31 May 45, Table 8 A, OCT HB
ETO.
325
rectly responsible to the transportation of-
ficer of the base section in which he
functioned."
326
327
fully staffed and trained in the proper
procedure, they took over this activity.
Motor Transport
328
^■' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. II, Pt. 2, pp. 3-4, OCT
HB ETO.
329
nance procedures in an intensive effort to
lessen the number of deadlined vehicles
and to root out unsound practices.""
9" Ibid., Vol. II. Pt. 2, Ch. II, pp. 5-6 and App. 4.
330
«■' Ibid., Vol. V, Pt. 2, Ch. V, pp. 8-1 1, and Vol. VI,
Pt. 2.Ch. V, pp. 1-2.
■' ' Memos, CofT for All Sec Trans Officers, 16 Mar,
14 Apr, 2 May, 6, 14, and 21 Jul 45, sub: Critical
Situation of OCT Facilities, in History of Motor
Transport in the European Theater of Operations,
App. B, OCT HB ETO Hwy.
331
332
Mortain ,'
•, DomfronI ^
Alengon
B I V u ft ^
Mayenne
ft ** Belleme ■''''^'""iihiiiiiiiiiiimiiimi
°>—..
Nogent-
le-Rotrou
MAP 4
333
Soissons
ORIGINAL DELIVERY
AREA
334
335
336
337
r ^
S E A
Hamburg
Wittenburg
O 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS
MAP 5
339
340
Railway Operations
341
'-' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. IV, pp. 12, 17-19, 21-
22, Vol. V, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp. 7-8, OCT HB ETO;
Ruppenthal, op. cit., pp. 546-51; Gen Bd Rpt,
USFET, Study 122, p. 53, OCT HB ETO.
342
'-' Hist Rpt, TG ETO, Vol. IV, Ch. IV, p. 22, and
Vol. V, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, p. 5, OCT HB ETO.
' '■ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. V, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, Apps.
1, 2, and 3, OCT HB ETO.
344
345
346
"■ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp.
2-3, and Gen Bd Rpt, USFET, Study 122, p. 13,
OCT HB ETO; Ltrs, Ross to Gross, 25 Mar 45, and
Gross to Ro.ss, 31 Mar 45, OCT HB Gross ETO —
Gen Ross; Ltr, Gross to Gray, 12 Feb 45, OCT HB
Gross ETO— Rail; Intcrv with Gen Ross, 8 Mar 52,
OC r HB France Rys.
' "■ Hi.st Rpt, GHQ MRS, Feb 45, pp. 1-2 and Ex-
hibits 1, 2, 4, 5, and Hist Rpt, Mar 45, Exhibit, SOP
32, Hci ETOUSA, 3 Apr 45, OCT HB ETO France
GHQ MRS. See also Intcrv with Gen Gray, 6 Dec 49,
OCT HB ETO France Rys.
347
' '" Hist Rpt, TC ETO. Vol. VI, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp.
6-9. OCT HB ETO.
"" Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp.
8, 10, 1 1, 23-47, OCT HB ETO. See "The Soxos,"
published by the 729th Ry Operating Bn, 29 Jul 45,
OCT HB ETO France Ry Units; Memo of Fact. Maj
G. P. Hayes, Jr., Chief of Tng and Doctrine Br RTS
Div OCT, 9 Jul 52, OCT HB Critique Vol. Ill; Hist,
720th Ry Operating Bn. OCT HB ETO France Rys
Unit Rpts; Final Report of the Chief Engineer , European
Theater of Operations: 1942-1945 (Paris, n. d.), pp.
283-85.
348
Freight Expresses
Hospital Trains
A program for the procurement and
adaptation of old British railway equip-
ment for use as American hospital trains
had been undertaken in the United King-
dom before D Day. Most of this equipment
was eventually ferried across the Channel
"■- Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 2, Ch. VI, pp.
60-61, 84-85. and Vol. VII, Pt. 2, Ch. VI, pp. 145-46,
OCT HB ETO; S. Sgt. George Pillette, "Toot-Sweet
Express," Army Transportation Journal, I, 3, (April 45),
10-12; Ltr, Co! Frank H. Erhart, GHQMRS, to Lar-
son, 14 Dec 49, OCT HB Inquiries.
Chart 5 — Tonnage Moved East of the Seine and North of the Rhone: 1944-
45
23 30 6
13 20 27 4
II 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
10 17 24 31
7 14 21 28 7 14 21 28 4
II 18 25
2 8
AUG I
SEP 1
JAN
FEB 1 MAR
1945
APR
1 MAY
pp. \i\-:vi.
350
Leave Trains
"" Med Sv hist cited n. 144, Pt. HI, Vol. XH, Ch.
XHI, pp. 35-40; Diary, Evac Br Office of Chief Surg
ETO, 11 and 29 Jan and 6 Feb 45, SCO 3 14.81 Daily
Diary of Evac Br; Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. V, Pt. I,
Ch. n, p. 130. OCT HB ETO.
351
352
' ■ ' Hist Rpt, TC ETO. Vol. VII, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp.
8-9, 13-15, 26-27, 37, 42, and Ch. VI, pp. 152-55,
OCT HB ETO.
'■' Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp.
33-34, 36-37, Vol. VIII, Pt. 2, Ch. IV, pp. 5, 10, and
Ch. VI, pp. 112-17, OCT HE ETO. Sec Paraphrase
of Chi, Ross to OCT FWD, AG 453 Ry Equip (Steam
or Electric) Etc., Jan-Dec 45, EUCOM Trans Sec.
353
' ''■<■ Ibid.: Hist Rpt, TO ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 2, Ch.
IV, pp. 9, 39, OCT HB ETO.
354
Inland Waterways
355
356
"■ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VI, Pt. 1, Ch. II, p. 54,
and Vol. VII, Pt. 1, Ch. II, pp. 92-93, OCT HB
ETO. See also Hist Rpt, IWTS, 2d Qtr 1945, OCT
HB ETO Inland Trans.
357
'«^ Hist Rpt, TC ETO, Vol. VII, Pt. 1, Ch. II, pp.
94-96, Vol. VIII, Pt. 1, Ch. II, pp. 114-18, and Vol.
IX, Ch. II, p. 5 1, OCT HB ETO. See Ltr and Data,
Col A. H. Schroeder to Larson, 25 Apr 50, OCT HB
Inquiries.
'"" Hist Rpt. TC ETO. Vol. VII, Pt. 1, Ch. II, pp.
96-99, and Vol. VIII, Pt. 1, Ch. II, pp. 1 18-23, OCT
HB ETO. See also IRS, DACOT to OCT, 2 Jun 45,
OCT HB ETO Inland Trans.
358
359
Depot
T-700
T-703
T-704
T-705
T-706
T-707
T-708
T-709
Location
Bricquebec
Paris
Cherbourg
Liege
Marseille .
Marseille.
Marseille.
Chaligny .
Type of Sup-
plies
Genera!
General
Marine.
General
Marine.
Rail. . .
Rail. . .
Rail. . .
Storage
Capacity
{Long
Tons)
Handling
Capacity
per Day
{Long
Tons)
16,000
225
13,000
294
1,800
100
18,000
660
15,000
150
6,700
225
21,500
1,800
5, 100
525
360
'-'■'Ibid.
361
362
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
Liberated Persons
Patients
364
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
365
'■'^ Before this time, some U.S. patients had been re-
turned to the United States by Canadian and British
hospital ships. See Med Dept Comments on Ch. V,
OCT HB Critique Vol. III.
366
367
368
-" Med Sv hist cited n. 144, Pt. Ill, Vol. XII, App.s.
Band 15.
369
370
371
372
--'• See Hist Red, 14th Maj Port, Aug 45, pp. 1-2,
and Oct 45, pp. 1-2, OCT HB Oversea Ports.
373
7 Hospital ships .
4, 969 (patients
only)
"' ASF MPR, Sec. 3, Trans, 31 Oct 45, pp. 16, 20.
9*
^if^^M
SUNKEN SHIPS in the harbor at Naples converted into piers for the
herthino of Allied ships
w^
"•%'«
4 «
1 mm ^-^
4 -.4 i|
*sf -\
THE PORT OF ANTWERP. Captured virtually intact, Antwerp (above) became
a inajo)
port of entry for cargo. Soon, more cargo was discharged (below) than
could be immediately
transported inland.
Europe, the equipment was ferried to France (lower left, upper right)
and then put into service
■m
through heavy snow in Alaska and Western Canada (left) and over the
arid mountains of Iran (right).
i
-I
<..<;,
Hf'*^'
«SHIi
CONVOYS FOR CHINA were sent from Ledo, Assdm, over the Stilwell Road to
Kunming,
China.
TRUCK REFUELING STATION oii the Ledo Road at Myitkyina. jVew equipment
delivered to China replaced old, worn out vehicles that frequently had
to be repaired on the road.
■fE^
H^'^^^MHrnr ^^yHI^^^^^^^H^HB^^^I
"^^ ■ - ^i^B
- 1
{upper left), by the Red Ball Express in France (lower left), by barge
on the Albert Canal in
SUPPORT OF THE FINAL OFFENSIVE AGAINST GERMANY mcluded rail
and truck movements across and beyond the Rhine. The first train moved
over the Wesel Bridge
(above) on 9 April 1945; 10-ton semitrailers of the Tellow Diamond
Express, with supplies
for the Seventh U.S. Army, on an autobahn (below).
CHAPTER IX
4
\
C ^
^ ^^"^-^ j^ iX^'^^^
c\
Garmsar
Khanaqin i
/BAGHDAD
I R
.Ik-
/ ^ \C\ Abadan
Shiraz
^.
-o Bushire \
Railroad
Road
200 MILES
XL
MAP 7
Cf Cornelius
377
378
379
380
381
382
' HOTI Hist, Pt. VIII, Chs. 5-6; Rpt, Hwy Div
OCT, Highway Transportation in Iran, 24 Oct 42,
PGF 255, OCMH Files.
383
" For details see Motter, op. at., pp. 180, 335-37.
'^ Motter, op. at., pp. 182-89; SOS Plan, Incl III.
384
385
388
389
that even with a firm allocation of seven
ships for April a backlog of 27,827 meas-
urement tons, including vital rail, port,
and motor transport equipment, would
remain. At the end of May 1943 only 48
percent of the equipment had arrived in
Iran, while 80 percent of the troops were
there. Even by August, when virtually the
entire PGSC force had arrived, only 74
percent of the equipment was on hand."'^
-"* Motter, op. at., Ch. XI; HOTI Hist, Pt. I. Ch. 4.
390
391
392
393
Port Operations
394
395
Initial Operations
396
" Hist, 9th Port (Mob), 19 Jul 42-1 Mar 43, PGF
1 2B; Ltr, Booth to CG PGSC, 7 Jan 43, PGF 1 26A;
Hist Rpt. 378th Port Bn, 3 1 Jul 42-3 1 Jul 43, PGF 19;
Hist Rpt, Basra District, Mar-Apr 43, PGF 13; Memo,
Maj H. B. Vcith, Officer in charge of Opns Khor-
ramsliahr, 6 May 43, PGF 126A. All in OCMH Files.
397
398
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
■-•" Hist Rpt. 9th Port (Mob), Jun 43. OCT HB 9th
Port Hq; Monthlv Hist Rpts, Bandar Shahpur, Jun-
Aug 43. PGF 9, OCMH Files.
400
401
" Hist Red, Gulf District Jul 44, PGF 13; Hist Rpt,
Port of Bandar Shahpur, Jul 44, PGF 9; Hist Rpt,
Khorramshahr Port, Jul 44, PGF 16. All in OCMH
Files.
402
403
'" Monthly Hist Rpts, Port Sv, Feb-Jul 45. PGF 26,
OCMH Files.
404
405
406
407
408
'•• Rpt, MRS PGC, Ry Opns, Jul 43, and Mil Hist,
MRS PGC, Aug 43, PGF 132, OCMH Files.
409
410
411
412
413
414
■"^ Memo, Scott for Connolly, Oct 42, PGF 131, and
Initial Hist Rpt, Hq 1 14th QM Bn Mob, 1 May 42-
1 Feb 44, PGF 22, OCMH Files.
415
416
417
418
' ' For statistics on MTS traffic, see Motter, op. cit.,
App. A, Table 6, "Freight Hauled in the Persian Cor-
ridor by the Motor Transport Service, 1943-1944."
419
420
n. 77.
421
■'*' Hist Rpts, MTS PGSC, Jun and Jul 44. PGF 131,
OCMH Files.
422
423
^■' Monthly Hist Rpts, Port Sv, Jul- Aug 45, and
Final Hist Rpt,Port Sv, 1 Sep- 10 Oct 45, OCMH
Files.
424
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
-" Ibid.
u
n
u
u
u
CO
CO
o
U
<
H
oi
O
Cu
I/)
Z
<
Pi
Pi
<
D
C
O
<
b
O
<
N
<
"D i:
1
cr,E.°
^_c
1 0-5
■S-g
o c
-5 = 2
5 2 5
acLcS
^cS
Q-Oi
tn
^1]
a;;
a-;
c a 6
°'5
il8
^a
QOOOD
-o-^
^
1 : 1 1
-0
T"
■"
^"
T"
^"
■
■
n
>.
0-=
if -
CO
4 2-;
CO
_<
a:
>
<
-
3 j:
c D
<
III
■111
J_
435
'- Ibid., pp. 56 and 86. Cf. Robert Ross Smith, The
Approach to the Philippines, UNITED STATES ARMY
IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1953), pp. 26,
34,82-83, 396.
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
'" Memo, ACofT for Opns for Dep Dir of Plans and
Opns ASF, 19 Dec 44, sub: SWPA Shipping Situation,
OCT HB W^ylie Shipping in Pacific.
446
447
448
449
450
451
64
93
94
Total 52
KPM 21
Lakers 17
Other private 7
Liberties 4
Concrete
Cl-M-AVl's
22
19
13
26
25
21
19
11
17
16
14
11
5
14
15
16
14
18
452
453
Maritime Personnel
454
455
456
Port Operations
**" Only the main ports arc here discussed. For de-
tails, sec //W. , Ch. VIII.
457
Ports in Australia
>*' Ibid., pp. 77-80; Plant Itr, 27 Jan 51, cited n. 21.
458
459
461
April 1943, and U.S. Army elements re-
verted to USASOS.""" By that time Ameri-
can activities at Port Moresby had begun
to decline, although the U.S. Army did
not withdraw completely until September
1945.
462
463
464
■'" Hist Rpt, 296th Port Co, Biak Opn, 15 Sep 44,
AG Opns Rpts TCCO- 296-0.3 (7848) M, 25 May-20
Aug 49.
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
Cargo Pilferage
Rail Transport
478
479
480
Motor Transport
Stale Mileage
481
482
483
484
485
Cargo Traffic
Personnel Traffic
' ■' See ibid., pp. 514-16 and Apps. 42-46. Master-
son's figures, compiled from theater sources, begin
with 1944.
486
487
Demobilization
488
Month
1946
January 88,654 1,040
' '-' The great influx for a time overtaxed the Pacific
coast staging areas and railway facilities. Cf. OCT HB
Monograph 30, pp. 70-73; and Wardiow, Movements,
'Irnutiriii, and Siipplv, pp. 204-07.
CHAPTER XI
490
491
492
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
494
495
496
497
498
Ibid., p. 223.
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
508
509
510
511
512
513
27-29.
514
515
516
517
518
519
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
533
534
535
Iwo Jima
536
537
538
539
The Ryukyus
541
Unit
Attached to
XXIV Corps
7th Infantry Division
7th Infantry Division
96th Infantry Division
96th Infantry Division
77th Infantry Division
77th Infantry Division
III Amphibious Corps
1st Marine Division
6th Marine Division
542
543
545
before 1 September until the pipeline of
supplies was emptied.
546
CHAPTER XII
548
MAP 8
549
550
551
552
553
Organization of a Transportation
Service
554
555
557
theater G-4, but the Transportation Serv-
ice had retained its functions. In Septem-
ber 1945 General Rose left the theater
and was succeeded by Col. A. C. Bigelow.
On 8 October the Transportation Serv-
ice was discontinued as a command and
established as a special staff section, func-
tioning primarily in an advisory capacity
to G-3 and G-4 in theater headquarters
on evacuation activities.-" Troop depar-
tures and the outloading of supplies and
equipment were substantially completed
by the end of April 1946, and in May the
India-Burma Theater was inactivated.
558
559
can technical advice and some material
assistance, and inland water transport,
heretofore restricted in development by
the shortage of supplies and the need for
fast delivery, was more fully exploited.
Karachi
560
561
Bombay
562
P- 9- _ .
563
Calcutta
564
565
566
567
568
570
571
572
573
574
A Period of Development
575
577
578
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
580
^'' SOS Hist, 1942^44, App. 24, Sec. I, Pt. IV, ABL,
Sec. II, Pt. I, ABL.
581
tions extending northward from Rangoon,
it had been decided to follow a route from
Ledo through the Hukawng and Mogaung
Valleys in north Burma to a junction with
the Burma Road. After the U.S. Army
had assumed responsibility for construc-
tion of the road, American troops took
over and continued work begun by the
British.
582
583
■' Hist of IBT, 1944-45, Vol. II, Ch. 10, pp. 359-
64; Ltr, [no signature] (for CG SOS IBT) to CG
USAF IBT, 4 Nov 44, sub: Opn of Ledo-Kunming
Rd, IBT Trans Sec 600. 1 2 Proj TIG 1 , KCRC AGO.
SOS Hist, 1944-45. Vol. I, Ch. 3, pp. 31-32.
584
585
586
Month
Convoys
Total
February . . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September. .
October ....
433
22
22
38
78
82
75
51
53
12
China
Vehicles
25, 783
333
152
2,342
4,682
4,901
4,745
2,652
3,060
916
6, 539
609
745
1,185
1,103
964
828
647
408
50
Gross
Weight
146, 948
5,231
6,788
15,447
28, 080
27, 962
23,370
15,866
18, 599
5,605
Vehicle and
Trailer
Weight »
108, 886
Cargo
Weight '
4,120
5,279
11,249
19, 645
20, 977
17,470
11,582
14, 291
4,273
1,111
1,509
4,198
8,435
6,985
5,900
4,284
4,308
1,332
Cargo
Weight '
38,062 161,986
27,087
34, 579
31,797
28,357
14, 923
16,085
5,046
4,112
» Short tons.
587
588
»> Hist of IBT, 1944-45, Vol. II, Ch. 10, pp. 363-
78; SOS Hist, 1944-45, App. 4, Sec. II, pp. 11-12.
589
590
Road Net
591
592
February 1944
MAP 10
Motor Transport
593
594
595
596
597
"' SOS Hist, 1942-44, Sec. I, Pt. V, and Sec. II, Pt.
I, Planning and Development Section. A collection of
radios exchanged between the War Department, CBI,
and PGC relating to the Lux convoy may be found in
CT SOS Trans Sec file folder Pacific, IBT, Trans 634
Hangars, Garages, Shelters and Stables Project "Lux"
Trans-Turkestan Route, KCRC AGO.
598
599
5
o
<:
<!
H
P<
O
fri
U)
Pi
<
b
O
a
u
C/3
Pi
<;
U
z>
<
u —
— o
t/i
*^
601
602
603
Closing Operations
'"■ Hist Rpt, Trans Sec, Aug 45, CT SOS Trans Sec
Reader File Sep 45, KCRC AGO; Hist Rpt, 93d QM
Bn Mob, Aug 45, AG Opns Rpts QMBN-93-Hq-0.2
(29493) M, Mar, Jun-Sep 45; Rpt, Col R. E.
Kernodle, Exec Officer Trans Sec, to G-4, 27 Sep 45,
sub: Weekly G-4 Rpt, CT SOS Trans Sec Reader File
Sep 45, KCRC AGO; G-4 Per Rpt, Hq USF CT,
third qtr 45, pp. 9-11, AG Opns Rpts 319.1.
604
•»^ G-4 Per Rpt, Hq USF CT, fourth qtr 45, pp.
1-2, and Tab A; Narrative History of Disposal of
SOS Property in West China Since 15 August 1945,
15 Nov 45, dCMH Files; Hist of IBT, 1945-46, Vol.
II, Ch. 4, p. 316.
CHAPTER XIII
606
607
608
609
610
611
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
Bibliographical Note
Photographs
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
621
622
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
623
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
625
Guide to Footnotes
GUIDE TO FOOTNOTES
627
List of Abbreviations
Actg Acting
Addtl Additional
Adj Adjutant
Adv Advance
AG Adjutant General
AK Cargo ship
A-N Army-Navy
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
629
ASCOM
ASF
Asgmt
Asst
ASW
ATA
ATC
Atchd
ATS
Bd
BELMOT
B/L
BMWT
Bn
BPE
Br
BS
BUCO
BuDocks
Bull
CAO
CBI
Cbl
CBS
CCS
CDS
CE
Centl
CFA
CFM
CFT
CO
Chmn
CID
CinC
CINCPAC
CINCPOA
Cir
Civ
CM-IN
CM-OUT
CMT
CMTC
CNAC
Assignment
Assistant
Attached
Board
Bill of lading
Battalion
Branch
Base section
China-Burma-India
Cable
Corps of Engineers
Central
Commanding general
Chairman
Counterintelligence Division
Commander in Chief
Circular
Civilian
630
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
CNO
CO
Commanding officer
Co
Company
CofE
Chief of Engineers
CofOrd
Chief of Ordnance
CofS
Chief of Staff
CofT
Chief of Transportation
Com
Committee
Comd
Command
Comdr
Commander
COMGENPOA
COMINCH
COMSERVPAC
COMSOPAC
COMZ
Communications Zone
COMZONE
Communications Zone
CONAD
Conf
Conference
Cons
Construction
Contl
Control
Conv
Conversation
Corres
Correspondence
cose
COSSAC
(Designate)
CPA
CPBC
CREGO
Chief of Staff-
CT
China Theater
CTF
DCofT
Dep
Deputy
Devel
Development
DC
Director general
Dir
Director
Div
Division
DRB
Departmental Records Branch
DSSD
DUKW
Amphibian truck
E&D Sec
EBS
Ech
Echelon
ELOC
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
631
Emb
EMBARGO
Engr
Equip
ESB
Estab
ETF
ETO
ETO-POM-SSV
Evac
Exec
FA
FEA
EEC
FECZ
Fltg
FS
FY
G-1
G-2
G-3
G-4
G-5
Gen
GHQ
GHQ(I)
GO
Gp
GSC
GUF
HE
Hist
Hosp
HOTI
Hq
HRPE
HUSAFPOA
HUSAFMIDPAC
Hwy
IBC
Embarkation
Embarkation Control
Engineer
Equipment
Establishment
Evacuation
Executive
Field Artillery
Floating
Fiscal Year
General
General Headquarters
General Order
Group
Historical Branch
History or historical
Hospital
Headquarters
Highway
632
IBT
IGD
Incl
Ind
Inf
Info
Intel
Interv
IRS
ISR
ISS
IWD
IWT
IWTS
J-4
JAG
JB
JCS
JMTC
JOSCO
JPB
JPS
Jt
KCRC
KMF
KMS
KPM
LAPE
LBV
LCI
LCM
LCP
LCT
LCV
LCVP
LOC
LSI
LSM
EST
Ltr
LUBSEC
LVT
Maint
India-Burma Theater
Inclosure
Indorsement
Infantry
Information
Intelligence
Interview
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
633
MC Medical Corps
ME Middle East
Med Medical
Mgr Manager
Min Minutes
Misc Miscellaneous
Mob Mobile
MP Military Police
MT Motor transport
Mtg Meeting
Mvmt Movement
Obsns Observations
634
OPD
Opnl
Opns
OQMG
Ord
Orgn
Orgnl
OSD
OTO
Pac
PACTREP
PAIFORCE
PAO
PBS
PE
Per
Pers
PG
PGC
PGF
PGSC
PHIBSEC
PHILRYCOM
Ping
PMGO
POA
POL
POM
POW
PR.
PRA
Prov
PX
QM
Qtr
Qtrly
Rad
RAMPS
Red
RDay
Regt
Reorgn
RO
ROSOP
Operational
Operations
Ordnance
Organization
Organizational
Pacific
Port of Embarkation
Periodic
Personnel
Persian Gulf
Philippine-Ryukyus Command
Planning
Priority of Movement
Prisoner of war
Provisional
Post Exchange
Quartermaster
Quarter
Quarterly
Radio
Record
Redeployment Day
Regiment
Reorganization
Rotational category
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
635
Rpt
Rqmts
RR
RTO
Ry
SACSEA
SEAC
Sec
Secy
SFPE
SG
SCO
SHAEF
Shipt
SOLOC
SOP
SOS
SPA
SPBC
SPE
SSUSA
Stat
Sup
Supt
Surg
Sv
SW
SWHTA
SWPA
TAG
TAT
T/BA
TC
TCP
TCPI Bull
TD
Tech
Tng
T/O
TQM
TQMG
Trans
TURCO
UGF
Report
Requirements
Railroad
Railway
Section
Secretary
Surgeon General
Shipment
Services of Supply
South Pacific Area
Statistical
Supply
Superintendent
Surgeon
Service
Secretary of War
To accompany troops
Transportation Corps
Temporary duty
Technical
Training
Table of Organization
Transport quartermaster
Transportation
Turnaround Control
636
THE TRANSPORTATION CORPS
UGS
U.K.
UKCC
USAF
USAFBI
USAFFE
USAFIA
USAFICPA
USAFIME
USAFISPA
USAFMIDPAC
USAFPAC
USAFPOA
USANIF
USARAL
USASOS
USAT
USE
USFET
USEOR
USMC
USMIM
USN
VCNO
WAR or WARX
WATCO
WD
WDC
WDCSA
Wkly
WNTE
WP&Y Route
WPBC
WPD
WSA
WTB
WTEC
WTF
XAK
XAP
XAPA
YDay
ZI
United Kingdom
U.S. Forces
U.S. Navy
War Department
Weekly
Civilian-manned transport
Zone'of Interior
Toulon-Marseille area.
January 1942.
attack.
Bigot Code for correspondence dealing with plans for future mili-
tary operations.
attack.
attack.
Cent Task force built around the 45th Infantry Division for the
invasion of Sicily.
Island.
Dime Task force built around the 1st Infantry Division for the inva-
sion of Sicily.
Channel attack.
638
Fabius
Flambo
Fortune
Fox
Glue
Gooseberry
Gymnast
Harlequin
Husky
Joss
Magnet
Mulberry A
Mulberry B
Nabob
Neptune
Omaha
Overlord
Quadrant
Rainbow 4
Roundup
Sextant
Shark
Shingle
Sledgehammer
Soxo
Tiger
Torch
Trident
Algiers.
Task force built around the 3d Infantry Division for the inva-
sion of Sicily.
Northern Ireland.
A-frame
Amphibian vehicle
Balanced cargo
Balanced stocks
Balloon cargo
Bareboat charter
Berth
Block loading
Block system
(rail)
Block system
(trucking)
Device used as a field expedient in beach operations
when cranes were not available in sufficient quan-
tity. Usually attached to an amphibian truck or
other vehicle, it could lift approximately 4,000
pounds.
Bunkerage
Cannibalize
Combat loader
Combat loading
Combat zone
Commodity loading
Communications zone
Deadline
Dead-weight tonnage
Double heading
Dumb barges
Echelon maintenance
Filler cargo
Flatting
Nonpropelled barges.
642
General cargo
Graving dock
Interior clearance
Landing craft
Lighter
Line of communications
(LOG) hauling
Long ton
Measurement ton
Metric ton
Packaged gasoline
Palletized or skid-
loaded cargo
Passing track or
siding
Pier
Port capacity
Port or beach
clearance
643
Prestowing
Quay
Rail wagon
Reefer box
Reefer vessel
Semitrailer
Short ton
Spotting
Tanker
Theater of operations
Topping off
Trailer
Train-order system
Truck-tractor
'Tween decks
War flats
Railway car.
Refrigerated vessel.
2,240 pounds.
2,000 pounds.
States.
Victory in Papua
Cross-Channel Attack
Chronology: 1941-1945
Tlw War Against Germany and Italy: Mediterranean and Adjacent Areas
336-37
ABDA Command, 425, 426
Abraham Baldwin, 92
Acadia, 178, I78n, 179, 363, 365
ACTREP's, 446
218, 223
Advance Echelon, TC, 83, 126, 129. See also
Forward Echelon, Communications Zone
(FECZ), ETOUSA.
Advance Section (ADSEC), Communications Zone,
ETOUSA, 129, 235, 236, 244, 276, 287, 288,
289, 303, 326, 331, 333
Transportation Section, 235, 236-38, 241, 245,
273, 284, 287, 288, 289
Ahioma, New Guinea, 461
Ahwaz, Iran, 379, 380, 383, 386, 389, 400
Air attacks. Allied, on transportation facilities, 153,
159, 175, 203, 203n, 220, 316, 334, 479, 578
Air attacks, enemy, 119, 158, 159, 167, 210, 218,
323, 344, 377, 449, 460, 463, 464, 466, 504,
505, 543, 563, 565
Air Depot, 301st, 604
Air ferry routes
101st, 252
Airfields. See also Air ferry routes.
Aleutian Islands, 51
Greenland, 12, 14
Hawaii, 492
Iceland, 14
India, 547
Italy, 202
Labrador, 12, 14
Newfoundland, 9, 10, 11
Puerto Rico, 22
Scotland, 11, 12
Sicily, 190
Trinidad, 24
Akureyri. Iceland, 17, 20
Defense Command.
Albert Canal, Belgium, 355, 356
Alcan Highway. See Alaska Highway.
Alden Besse, 565
Aleutian Islands, 5, 6, 31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 46-52,
5 In, 509
Algeria, 137, 168
648
of.
Amchitka, Aleutians, 33, 38, 49, 51, 52
American Barge Lines (ABL), (India), 553, 555,
556, 579. See also Inland water transporta-
tion, India.
American Expeditionary Forces, 76
American Iraqi Shipping Company, 424
American Legion, 18
451st, 503
454th, 534
455th, 507
456th, 534
471st, 535
472d, 535
473d, 535
474th, 539
475th, 536
476th, 535
481st, 534
821st, 281
823d, 535
of; Overlord.
North Africa. See Torch.
Philippine Islands, 465, 473
planning for, 71, 202, 208, 291, 552
Sicily, 6, 189
South and Central Pacific, 489, 502, 505, 508,
Department.
Antwerp, 239, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308, 310, 311,
Shingle.
Anzio Annie, 21u
APA's. See Attack transports.
Applcton, Col. John A., 573, 574
Aquitania, 264, 372
Arcadia Conference, 3, 70
Archangel, 375
Argentia, Newfoundland, 9, 10
Argentina, 374
Armies, U.S.
First, 234, 236, 241, 244, 249, 255, 260, 266, 270
273, 276, 287, 288, 289, 326, 328, 334, 337,
345
Third, 239, 285, 300, 315, 316, 326, 331, 334,
INDEX
649
(North Africa).
Atlantic Ocean, 9, 137
Attack transports, 192, 195, 203, 252, 542
Attu, Aleutians, 33, 34, 48, 49, 50, 51n, 52
Auckland, New Zealand, 495
Australia, 4, 426-27, 471, 476, 480-83
motor transport operations in, 480-83
ports in, 456-58. See also individual ports by
name.
railway operations in, 476-78
transportation system, 427, 429
Australian Army, 481
Avalanche, 202-03
Avonmouth, England, 118, 119
Ayers, Col. Loren A., 128, 284, 328, 329, 331, 332,
334, 335
Azores, 9
Bahama Islands, 8
Balboa, Panama, 27
Bareboat charter, 40
Australian, 477
Central (London), 87
Loire, 304n
Northern Ireland, 87
Oise, 303
Seine, 303
650
345, 367
Battle of the Coral Sea, 425
Battle of Midway, 4, 33, 491, 509
Bay of Bengal, 547
Bay of Biscay, 307
Bay St. George, Newfoundland, 10
Beach Control Group, 291, 293, 294. See also
Dragoon.
Beaches. See also Amphibious operations; in-
321
Belgium, 6, 354, 355
560, 563
Besson, Brig. Gen. Frank S., Jr., 406
Bethel, Alaska, 46, 65
Biak Island, 459, 464-65
Biehl, Lt. Col. Carl, 270
475
Black Sea, 378
Blanche F. Sigman, 365
"Bhtz" can, 195, 195n, 200, 331
Block stowage, 474, 610
Block system
on railroads, 574
Blockships, 275, 276. See also Harbors, artificial.
Bloemfontein, 426
marine,
acquisition of, 430-31, 43 In, 452-54, 500
crews for, 29, 453-54, 500
critical need of, in Pacific, 429, 452-54, 607
for interisland transport, 510, 533
Bolero, 4, 5, 71-73, 80, 99-105, 107, 112, 115,
Highway.
Bradley, Lt. Gen. Omar N., 191
Brahmaputra River, India, 7, 548, 551, 556, 568,
579
Brazil, 26
308
Brett, Maj. Gen. George H., 427
Bridges, 201, 217, 219, 220, 303, 347, 352, 356
568
Brisbane, Australia, 428, 457-58, 480
Brisbane River, Australia, 457
Bristol Bay, Alaska, 33
Bristol Channel area, 83, 108, 109
Bristol Channel ports, 92, 118, 119, 252, 254, 259,
by name.
British Admiralty, 251
INDEX
651
Burma, 5, 6, 547
C-47's, 26
Cairo Conference, 73
Calvert, 148
Cargo, 249n
Cargo
156, 168
Casablanca Conference, 72, 99, 165, 189, 550
Case, Col. Charles Z., 305
Caspian Sea, 375, 382
652
Cellophane, 249n
Chastity, 239n
use of.
high accident rate, 421-22
inefficiency of, 28, 111, 112, 113, 119, 155, 396,
(southern France).
Coasters, 199, 204, 255, 259, 265, 267, 268, 272,
653
403
Communications Zone (COMZ), ETOUSA, 276,
ETOUSA.
G-4, 249, 288, 304, 310, 310n, 324, 331, 359, 369
Communications Zone, MTOUSA, 299, 303
Communications Zone, NATOUSA, 184
Concentration Plan Committee, 249
Concrete storage-ships, 451, 471 •
413
Connor, Col. Edward H., Jr., 267
Constantinc, Algeria, 153, 163, 168, 173, 175
Contessa, 148, 148n
Continental Advance Section (GONAD), 291n,
Continental.
Convoys, 4, 14, 18, 32, 92, 140, 144, 145, 375, 379,
I, 463, 466
V, 270
VII, 276
VIII, 315
XIV, 466
Crystal bases, 1 1
(France) .
Delta Beach (France), 294. See also Dragoon.
Demobilization, 323, 369-74, 487-88, 491, 545, 546
Depot Supplies Shipment Data (DSSD), 257, 257n,
267
Depots
Puerto Rico, 22
Trinidad, 26
in Mediterranean, 160-61
operations.
Duck I, 248
654
533
DUKW's 192, 274, 533
542-43
in port operations, 281, 308, 314, 317, 462, 463,
503
Dutch Guiana, 24
Dutch Harbor, Aleutians, 31, 33, 36, 46-48, 52
Edmund B. Alexander, 9
504, 507
494th, 467n
532d, 463
591st, 195
592d, 467
39th, 212
540th, 209
Engineer Dump Truck Company, 429th, 414, 416
Engineer General Service Regiment, 382d, 243
Engineer Port Construction and Repair Group,
1057th, 355
Boats, small,
motor transport, 165-66, 225, 226, 240, 240n,
241, 328, 328n, 330, 335, 339-40. See also
Vehicles,
organizational, 97, 146, 160, 182, 195n, 358, 616.
operations, 84-89
inland waterways, 116, 354-57
and misplaced supplies, 142-43
motor transport operations in, 126-29, 282-85,
327-40
movement control in, 85-91, 117, 118-19, 122-
23, 126-27, 246-48, 249-51, 254, 264, 324-27
port operations in, 109-22, 269-82, 305-08,
312-24
railway operations in, 122-26, 285-87, 340-54
ship retention in, 6, 308-09, 309n, 310
transportation organization, 74-83, 287-89,
303-05
transportation problem, 605-06
Eversberg, Col. Eugene A., 1 14n
Excursion Inlet, Alaska, 32, 43, 44
INDEX
655
Fabius, 249
Forage, 229
Force B, 252
"Force marking," 97
Fox, 249n
G-4, 7, 8, 10, 75
Glue, 96
Gripsholm, 362
656
Gulf of Mexico, 29
130-31
Halsey, Admiral William F., Jr., 499, 501, 504, 505,
523
Hamblen, Brig. Gen. Archelaus L., 149, 171
Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, 145, 146,
326th, 579
327th, 579
331st, 534
337th, 357
Harbors, artificial, 133, 153, 157, 274, 276-77, 280,
463-64
Holmes, Maj. Gen. Noel G., 86
Holtz Bay, Aleutians, 49
Hong Kong, 425
of.
Hsiyang River, China, 601
Hudson Bay, 12, 13
Hughes, Brig. Gen. Everett S., 150n
HuH, England, 119, 120
Humber River, England, 119
Humber River ports, 119
Humboldt Bav, New Guinea, 463
Hump, the, 547, 547n, 551, 556, 556n, 607
Husky, 189, 190-91, 192, 193-97
Hutchings, Brig. Gen. Henry, Jr., 469n
Hyde, Col. Frederick W., 120n
Iceland, 4, 9, 16-21
Ikateq, Greenland, 14
India-Burma, 3, 4, 6
2d, 252
3d, 146, 191, 195, 196, 200, 209, 228, 229, 291
5th, 252
8th, 252
9th, 146
657
392, 403-13
Iran-Iraq Service Command, 377, 377n
Iraq, 375, 391
(Sicily).
Italian base section. See Base sections. Peninsular.
Italian State Railways, 215, 220, 221, 231
Italy, 3, 5, 6, 202. See also Animal transport opera-
tions : individual ports by name; Motor trans-
port operations, Italy; Railways, Italy; Roads,
ItaJfy; Water transport operations, Italy.
/. Franklin Bell, 48
Jamaica, 8, 22
529, 530
Joint Overseas Shipping Control Office (JOSCO),
Ketchikan, Alaska, 31
450
Kreml, Lt. Col. Franklin M., 142, 162, 164, 167, 221
Kunming, China, 557, 558
Kunming East Line of Communications, 557, 591-
601, 608
658
Labrador, 11,12
LCM's, 48, 49, 51, 193, 204, 273, 462, 463, 466,
521, 610
LCP's, 48
LCT's, 49, 50, 51, 196, 197n, 204, 210, 211, 255,
259, 263, 264, 272, 275, 277, 281, 283, 286,
293, 463, 466, 521, 522
Lee, 148
Lee, Lt. Gen. John C. H., 75, 76, 77, 79, 98, 124,
127, 149, 241, 299, 307, 309
479
Little BUCO, 249. See also Allied Build-up Con-
trol Organization (BUCO).
Little Red Ball Express Route (France), 335
Liverpool, 88, 93, 109, 1 16, 1 1 7, 145
Liverpool port area, 1 1 7
Local procurement
(London).
London Bolero Combined Committee, 71
Lord, Maj. Gen. Royal B., 310, 311, 312
Lord Leathers, 85
INDEX
659
LST's, 50, 51, 192, 195n, 196, 198, 204, 208, 209,
210, 211, 223, 258, 259, 262, 263, 264, 270,
271, 273, 277, 314, 315, 317, 363, 364, 365,
462,463,464, 517, 536,610
Luxembourg, 337
III, 519,540,542,543
V, 519, 520, 536
Marine Divisions
1st, 534
Mediterranean.
Mediterranean Shipping Board, 149n, 161
Mediterranean theater lessons in transportation,
159-61
Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTOUSA),
184n
Medium Ports. See Ports (Medium).
Mehdia, French Morocco, 146, 152
Meigs, 449
Service Command.
Middleton, Maj. Gen. Troy C, 191, 194, 194n
Midway, 33. See also Battle of Midway.
Mikado locomotives, 172, 387, 409, 410, 575
Military police, 158, 180, 221, 222, 224, 320, 333,
660
Mizar, 18
Monroe, Thomas, 31 In
Monroe Doctrine, 16
Monterey, 26
towns by name.
Morocco, Spanish, 140n
Morrison-Knudsen Company, 65
Moselle River, France, 27 In
Mostaganem, Algeria, 156, 157
Motor convoys, 163-64, 201, 223, 223n, 329, 417,
481-83
Motor Transport Division, 284-85
Motor transport operations. See also Roads.
Alaska and western Canada, 57—64
Australia, 480-83
Central Pacific, 489, 521-22, 531
China, 422-23, 554, 557-58, 591-99, 603, 608
France, 235, 239-42, 292, 296-97, 302, 303,
327-40, 348
in French North Africa, 141-42, 155, 157,
162-67
India-Burma, 551, 556, 580-91
in Italy, 221-26, 231
manpower problem, 166, 200-201, 224-26, 230,
B, 275
Munargo, 74
230, 293
Narsarssuak, Greenland, 12, 14, 15, 16
Naval Air Transport Service, 23
Naval Construction Battalion, 1036th, 539
Naval Construction Battalions (Special), 509, 509n
3d, 501
23d, 536, 537
27th, 539
31st, 538
Naval District, 14th, 512
Hospital ships,
and landing craft, 192, 223, 273, 274, 277, 469
and movement control planning, 161
and port rehabilitation, 212, 213
and procurement of boat crews, 454, 454n
Negro troops, use of, 26, 133, 204, 213, 226, 274,
INDEX
661
Newfoundland, 8, 9-10, 11
Newfoundland Railway, 9, 10
Normandy.
North Africa, French, 3, 4, 6, 70, 72, 80, 136-42.
Operations; Torch.
North Africa base sections. See Base sections, At-
lantic, Eastern, Mediterranean.
North African lessons in transportation, 136, 182,
Board.
North African Theater of Operations
NATOUSA.
and Husky, 183, 189, 193-94
motor transport operations in, 161—68
ports in, 140, 141, 152-61, 203-14. See also
(Corsica) .
Northern Ireland, 71, 74, 109, 112, 113, 114, 119,
252. See also Magnet.
Northern Ireland Base Command, 113
Northern Ireland Base Section. See Base sections,
Northern Ireland.
Northern Task Force, 140n
Northway, Alaska, 57
56, 61
Northwestern Europe, invasion of, 70, 71, 72, 73,
233. See also Bolero; Neptune; Overlord;
Roundup; Sledgehammer.
617
Ordnance Heavy Automotive Maintenance Com-
pany, 857th, 594
Ordnance Medium Maintenance Battalion, 68th,
417
Ordnance Medium Maintenance Company, 3430th,
416, 417
Orleansville, Algeria, 164, 169
Orne River, France, 233
Oro Bay, New Guinea, 460, 461-62
Osborne, Col. Theodore G., 402n
Otto Mears, 487
Ottzenn, Col. Hans, 398
Ouled Rahmoun, Algeria, 158, 163, 165, 166, 174,
175
Ouled Rahmoun-Tebessa railway (Algeria), 175
"Outports," 36, 37. See also Alaska, transporta-
tion organization.
Overlord, 73, 135, 233, 238-39, 252, 255-56, 260,
301, 312. See also Northwestern Europe,
invasion of.
command and organization for, 234-35
logistical plan for, 234-35, 254-60, 287
mounting of, 233, 246-48
movement control procedures for, 249-51
training and rehearsing for, 246-52
transportation plans for, 238-44, 246-48
transportation problems, 233, 236-37
Overstrengths, 241
Owen, Lt. Col. Frederick H., 352
662
PACTREP's, 446
Panama, 3, 4
Panama Line, 27
379-81
command and organization, 387, 389-90
motor transport operations in, 413-23
ports in, 379-80, 389, 393-403. See also indi-
vidual ports by name.
railway operations in, 380-81, 403-13
SOS Plan, 377, 384-86, 387, 401, 415
oil, 10, 15, 34, 65-66, 67, 330, 556, 571, 608
water, 15
Plant, Col. Thomas G., 427, 430, 432, 441, 449,
450,453,454,471,487
Plymouth, England, 252, 259, 260, 264, 268
Pock, 2d Lt. Hugh A., 584n
POL, 237, 256, 263, 267, 268, 285, 294, 295, 307n,
372d, 538
379th ,156
386th, 133
390th, 501
392d, 18
393d, 560
397th, 157
399th, 157
408th, 564
481st, 503
487th, 272
488th, 210-11
497th, 564
498th, 119
502d, 115
510th, 539
Port Burwell Harbor, Labrador, 1 1
Port commanders, 15, 35, 36, 46, 90, 91, 109, 110,
115th, 538
184th, 272
194th, 16
196th, 506
203d, 541, 542
218th, 508
244th, 463
268th, 322
INDEX
663
290th, 534
291st, 534
293d, 534
311th, 520,521
313th, 509
442d, 536
592d, 536
608th, 463
610th, 460
611th, 460
684th, 206
687th, 206
Port Construction and Repair Group, 1051st, 206
Port Detachment E, 462
Port Edward, British Columbia, 42
Port Heiden, Alaska, 46
Port Moresby, New Guinea, 438, 459-61
Port Service, 390, 393-95, 402, 423
Portage Bay, Alaska, 33
Ports — Continued
operations of — Continued
403, 433, 456-57, 458-70, 473-74, 489, 500,
502, 506, 507, 510, 512, 521, 530, 536, 550
passenger traffic, 80, 113, 114, 115-16, 209, 214,
293, 312, 313, 318, 320, 493, 518, 536, 538,
539, 560, 561, 566
rehabilitation of, 198-99, 205-07, 212-13, 292,
4th, 83, 116, 118, 238, 279, 280, 281, 288, 314,
358
5th, 114, 114n, 115n, 116, 118, 316, 322, 324
6th, 154, 155, 156, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 212,
(Major).
Ports of Embarkation, ZI, 89, 90. See also indi-
vidual ports of embarkation by name.
Powers, Lt. Col. William F., 195
Preloading, 252, 255, 259, 260, 265, 293
"Preparation for Overseas Movement-Short Sea
Voyage" (POM-SSV), 248, 263
Prescheduling, 246, 249
Preshipment, 96-101, 105, 106, 182n
President Roosevelt Bridge (Germany), 347
Prestowage, 108, 108n, 255, 256, 610
Pribilof Islands, Alaska, 33
664
579, 582
Quartermaster Battalions
93d, 598
131st, 271n
198th, 598
Quartermaster Boat Companies
160th, 29
316th, 454
317th, 454
318th, 454
319th, 454
320th, 454
321st, 454
322d, 454
323d, 454
324th, 454
325th, 454
Quartermaster Car Company, 22d, 222
Quartermaster Corps, 7, 8, 28, 70, 75, 77, 126
Quartermaster Gas Company, 190th, 482
Quartermaster General, Office of the, 8, 10, 26
Quartermaster Groups (Mobile)
469th, 339
517th, 597, 598, 599
Quartermaster Heavy Maintenance Company,
169th, 482
Quartermaster Medium Maintenance Battalion,
86th, 482
Quartermaster Railhead Company, 92d, 482
Quartermaster Truck Battalions
2638th, 167
2640th, 164-65, 167
3826th, 224
Quartermaster Truck Companies, 57, 61, 110, 128
3683d, 283
3704th, 283, 283n
3843d, 594
4042d, 283, 283n
29th, 482
48th, 482
468th, 222
477th, 61,63
516th, 414
517th, 414, 418
Quebec conference. See Quadrant Conference.
Queen Elizabeth, 73-74, 74n, 102, 115, 264, 366,
374, 388
Queensland, Australia, 478, 480
Queensland State Railways, 476
Quenard, Col. E., 170n
704th, 219
705th, 573
707th, 286
708th, 344
775th, 479
Paris, 371
Railway guards, 169
Railway Operating Battalions, 168-69
714th, 53-54, 55
717th, 347
720th, 347
721st, 579
725th, 575
734th, 344
737th, 479
740th, 344
749th, 479
770th, 56
791st, 406
Railway Operating Company, 790th, 479
Railway Operating Detachment, 770th, 56
INDEX
665
174n
Railway transportation officers (RTO's), 85, 87,
87n, 88, 89, 90, 91, 120, 123, 127, 128, 169,
245, 251, 254, 257, 258, 286, 324-25, 351, 371
Railways
340-54
French North Africa, 141, 142, 165, 168-77,
174n, 176n
Germany, 352-53
Hawaii, 489, 492-93
Holland, 343-44
231-32
manpower problem, 33, 38, 54, 122, 342, 479n
New Caledonia, 489, 495, 506
New Guinea, 459
Newfoundland, 8-1 1
Panama, 27, 28, 28n
Persian Corridor, 380-81, 383-84, 389, 392,
403-13
Philippine Islands, 478-80, 479n
repair and reconstruction of, 173, 175, 176, 230,
242, 243
Saipan, 521-22
Sicily, 199-200
362, 363
Rangoon, Burma, 547
Rangoon Line of Communications, 581
Rations, 146, 154, 175n, 182, 195, 198, 294, 319,
395
Red Ball Express (motor transport on the European
continent), 256n, 325, 339
command and organization, 333, 334-35
maintenance of equipment, 333, 335
regulations, 332—33
route of, 331, 334
336
Redeployment, 16, 21, 23, 26, 30, 34, 230, 231,
303, 320, 323, 330, 352, 360, 363, 368, 369-
74,491,523,524,525,526
Reefer barges, 455
Refrigerator cars, 131, 175n
Refrigerator ships, 317, 454-55, 510, 607
Regimental Combat Team, 158th, 466, 466n
Regional transportation officers, 87, 88
Regulating Company, 6623d, 201
Regulating Group, 4th, 84
356, 357
Rhino barges, 272, 272n, 275, 281, 313
Rhone River, 298, 355
Ricamore, Col. Phillip W., 558n
Richardson, Lt. Gen. Robert C, Jr., 511, 514, 528,
537
Richardson Highway (Alaska), 33, 47, 57
Richmond, Col. Clarence W., 235, 284, 331, 332
Richmond Holding and Reconsignment Point, 147
Riddell- Webster, General Sir Thomas Sheridan, 551
Rio Hato, Panama, 28
Roads, See also Motor transport operations.
67, 609
Australia, 427, 477, 480-83
Canada, 64
CBI, 422, 547, 555, 556, 558, 568, 580-91, 597,
603, 608
French North Africa, 141, 142, 163, 167
Greenland, 13
Iceland, 17, 19
418,420,421
Philippine Islands, 466, 483
Puerto Rico, 22
Saipan, 521
666
Roads — Continued
Sicily, 10, 200-201
Trinidad, 24
United Kingdom, 126
Ross, Maj. Gen. Frank S., 74, 81, 102, 125, 126,
129, 134, 168, 346
assigned to NATO, 80, 81, 149-50
biographical sketch, 75
on cargo discharge at Cherbourg, 313, 314
on cargo identification, 91, 93, 94, 160
on cargo stowage, 106
on centralized vs. decentralized control of TC
326
opinion on independent MRS, 354
on personnel requirements, 83-84
and planning for Overlord, 234, 239, 240, 246
on port operations ETOUSA, 109-11
and railway operations ETOUSA, 122, 123, 124
and shipping congestion ETOUSA, 309-10. 31 In
on shortage of service troops ETOUSA, 1 1 1
and transportation organization ETOUSA, 75,
76, 81-82
Rotterdam, 307
Roundup, 70
522, 537
Salamaua, New Guinea, 459
Salerno, Italy, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 215,
Salween front, Burma, 557
Samoa Islands, 494
San Fabian, P. I., 466n, 479
San Fernando, La Union, P. I., 467
San Francisco Port of Embarkation, 39, 429,
42, 67
Seine Base Section. See Base sections, Seine.
Seine River, France, 233, 301, 316, 355
Sele River, Italy, 215
131st, 479
132d, 479
133d, 479
Service Squadron, South Pacific, 505, 525
Service troops, shortage of, 16, 19, 46, 83-84,
308
538
520,
222
440,
41-
also
146,
377.
INDEX
667
Seward, Alaska, 33, 36, 39, 46, 47, 52, 53, 67, 68
Sextant Conference, 233
596, 601
Shemya, Alaska, 49, 50, 51, 51n, 52
Shingle, 209
Shingler, Brig. Gen. Don G., 383, 384, 389, 417,
418n
Ship Conversion Branch, 487, 487n
Ship conversions, 145, 181, 258, 367, 372, 450, 456,
453
Ship retention, oversea theaters, 6, 19, 25, 308—09,
309n, 310, 382, 396, 429, 443, 444, 449, 450,
450n, 451, 471, 499, 499n, 508
Shipping, shortage of, 3, 4, 5-6, 19, 32, 69, 70, 73,
136, 140, 179, 193, 202, 308, 311, 375, 377,
388, 429, 448, 450, 450n, 489, 491, 501, 526
Shipping Control Committee, 311. See also Diver-
sion committees, shipping, for the European
continent.
Siberia, 33, 34, 36, 39, 59, 60, 64
Sibley, Col. Cleland C, 116, 116n, 117, 235, 280,
282, 313, 314, 314n
Siboney, 74
Sicilien, 1 1
505
Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 25, 55, 75, 77, 98,
99, 102, 107, 143, 165, 171, 309, 368, 398, 432,
432n, 436,494, 551, 552
Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland, 14, 16
SOS. See Services of Supply.
South Australian Government Railways, 476
South Pacific Area (SPA), 4, 5, 440, 490, 491, 523
command and organization, 490, 490n, 496-97
joint logistics in, 497, 513-16
offensive operations in, 5, 491, 499, 502-09
security of lines of communication in, 494, 496,
502, 506
transportation organization, 498-99, 501-02,
523-24, 527
transportation problem, 489-91
unified command in, 490, 490n
unified logistics in, 490, 499-500
water transportation in, 489, 504
South Pacific Base Command (SPBC), 523, 526,
527, 529
South Pacific Force, 501
Southampton, England, 109, 120, 252, 259, 260,
(Great Britain).
Southern Base Section districts, 26 In
XVI, 250
XVII, 250
668
460, 476
Soviet Protocols, 375, 377, 378, 389, 401, 422
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics.
Soxo, 96
566
Standee berths, 181, 193, 214, 450. See also Ship
conversion.
Stanley, Col. Thomas H., 148
Star Knot, 451
Station Hospital, 17th, 482
Steese Highway (Alaska), 57
Stevedoring, Winch Operating, and Rigging School,
533
Stewart, Brig. Gen. George C, 80, 86, 184, 186-88,
469, 470
Submarine menace, 4, 5, 22, 29, 69, 136, 152, 377,
388, 448
Sullivan, Commodore William A., USN, 468
Sulu Archipelago, 465
Supplies, 49-50, 182
Class I, 163, 223
Class in, 223
Class IV, 100, lOOn
Class V, 223
Supplies Shipping Index, 257
Supply by air. See Air supply.
Supply flow, 15, 140, 301, 326, 327, 329, 341, 491,
558
Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force
Tanacross, Alaska, 57
Tanana, Alaska, 34
Tehran Conference, 73
Thomas H. Barry, 74
Thurston, 271
Tiger, 249
INDEX
669
578
Transportation Corps Composite Group, 35th, 453
Transportation Corps couriers, 160, 160n
Transportation Corps Depot Company, 793d, 479
Transportation Corps Service Group, 54th, 469
Transports. See Troopships.
Traub, Col. David W., 80, 234, 288, 305
Treasury Islands, 505, 507
Trident Conference, 5, 72, 73, 511, 551
Trinidad, 8, 24, 25-26
17-18, 19, 36, 46, 47, 48, 115, 117, 457, 471,
shortage of.
Troop movements, 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22,
24, 31, 41, 69n, 70, 71, 73, 74, 90-91, 102,
510, 518
Troopships, 8, 9, 73-74, 74n, 101-02, 105, 178,
cargo ships, 4, 18, 19, 20, 25, 92, 265, 268, 269,
491
railway cars, 176, 407, 408
troopships, 18, 562
trucks, 201
packaging of.
Ulster, Northern Ireland, 114
Umnak Island, Aleutians, 33, 46
Unalaska-Dutch Harbor area, 31
Unger, Col. Charles H., 438
by name.
railway operations in, 116, 122—26
supply, 96-101, 129-32, 134-35
and Torch, 80-81, 105, 144-45
transportation organization for U.S. forces in,
74-83, 84-89
United Kingdom Base Section. See Base sections,
United Kingdom.
United Kingdom Commercial Corporation
429n, 544
U.S. Army Forces, Western Pacific (AFWESPAC),
426n, 427
U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles (USAFBI),
74, 76. See also European Theater of Opera-
tions.
U.S. Army Forces in the Central Pacific Area
(USAFICPA), 511, 511n, 512, 523, 524, 528
U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE),
(USAFISPA), 496
U.S. Army Forces in the South Pacific Area, SOS.
428
U.S. Chiefs of Staff. See Joint Chiefs of Staff.
U.S. Forces China Theater, SOS. See Services of
Supply, China.
U.S. Maritime Commission. See Maritime Com-
mission, U.S.
U.S. Military Iranian Mission, 375, 377, 377n, 549
U.S. Navy. See Navy, U.S.
U.S. Navy Beach Battalion, 4th, 204
670
329, 334
waterproofing, 195, 219, 223, 247, 273, 293
Vickers, Col. Harry C, 402n
Victoria Government Railway (Australia), 476
Victory Bridge (Germany), 347
Victory ships, 231, 23 In
Virgin Islands, 2 In
Vissering, Col. Norman H., 13n
Volturno River, Italy, 216
Vulcania, 231, 370
293
Weather, 139, 152, 154, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205,
537-39, 546
Western Task Force (North Africa), 137, 141, 143,
447
Whitcomb, Col. Richard S., 17, 18, 19,20,21, 118n,
270
White, Clifford S., 20
62
Whitehorse, Canada, 33, 34
Whittaker, Brig. Gen. Frank L., 37, 48
Whittier, Alaska, 33, 39, 47, 52, 67, 68
Willard A. Holbrook, 426
William Byrd, 401
William F. Fitch, 464
William F. Palmer, 229
Williams, 1st Lt. Victor E., 174
Williams, Brigadier W. D. A., 86
Williamson, Brig. Gen. Raymond E. C, 500
Wilson, Brig. Gen. Arthur R., 148, 427, 427n, 428,
431, 472
XYZ Express Route (Germany), 303, 337-39 Yukon River, Alaska, 33, 53
"Y" subtask force, 146, 147. See also Western Task Yunnan-An-nan
Railways (China), 602
Yakutat, Alaska, 31, 36, 47 "Z" subtask force, 146, 147, 147n. See also
West-
Yangtze River, China, 601 ern Task Force (North Africa).
Yount, Brig. Gen. Paul F., 386, 389, 404, 405, 406, Zinnecker, Maj.
Louis, 86, 150
<
PIN : 039009-000
BOSTON POBUCUBRA^^^^^
„,,, lll*^^^^^^^