Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1) Ping-: Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the
reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip
time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.
2)
5) Arp-: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a telecommunication protocol used for
resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses, a critical function in
multiple-access networks.
Workstation name
Operating System
Version
CPU type
Amount of RAM
Display setting
Network update setting
Browser version
TCP/IP setting
(2) Router-: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer
networks. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data
packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to
determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy,
it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. This creates an overlay internetwork.
Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically
forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until
it reaches its destination node.
(3) Hubs-: A hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other
network devices together. Unlike a network switch or router, a network hub has no routing tables
or intelligence on where to send information and broadcasts all network data across each
connection. Most hubs can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but having all
information broadcast to multiple ports can be a security risk and cause bottlenecks. In the past
network hubs were popular because they were much cheaper than a switch and router, but today
most switches do not cost much more than a hub and are a much better solution for any network.
(4) Gateways-: A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two
networks that use different base protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely in
software, completely in hardware, or as a combination of both. Depending on the types of
protocols they support, network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model.
(5) Bridge-: A bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical
network (e.g. a single IP-subnet). A bridge is usually placed between two separate groups of
computers that talk with each other, but not that much with the computers in the other group. A
bridge device filters data traffic at a network boundary. Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a
local area network (LAN) by dividing it into two segments. Bridges operate at the data link layer
(Layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges inspect incoming traffic and decide whether to forward or
discard it.