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IN PARTITIONED JOIN?
Q 28> List the following issues that should be consider whil e designing
parallel database system?
32. > what are the type of parallelism in parallel systems ?define them?
3)Scalabilty:
Number of users and/or processes(size scalability)
Maximum distance between nodes (geographical scalability)
Number of administrative domains (administrative
scalability)
4)Replication:
Make copies of data available at different machines:
Replicated file servers (mainly for fault tolerance)
Replicated databases
Mirrored Web sites
Large-scale distributed shared memory systems
Topic Name:
Q.4 what are the reasons for having protocols for accessing
directory information?
Ans:
1. Directory access protocols are simplified and modified
to a limited type of access to data.
2. They can be implemented with database access
protocols.
3. It provides simple mechanism for giving name objects
in a hierarchical fashion.
7>.What is DIT?
Directories are viewed as a tree, like a computer's file
system. This overall tree structure is called theDirectory
Information Tree (DIT)
Ans : Advantage
Disadvantage :
1. Implementation is more complex because it includes network
management.
Ans: Limitations:
Ans: Java code can be compiled into byte code which is platform
independent and can be executed on any browser. Java applets are
used for better GUI purpose which is downloaded as part of web
page.
SOAP
Ans-XML
32. Why XML was chosen as the standard message format for
SOAP?
Ans-Because of its widespread use by major corporations and open
source development efforts.
Ans-
iii)platform independent
iv)language independent
Ans-
37. Where will you place SOAP in 2-tier and 3-tier Architectures.
Ans-
2-tier -> The Presentation layer and business logic are in a single
layer.
Active Server Pages (ASPs) are Web pages that contain server-side
scripts in addition to the usual mixture of text and HTML tags.
Server-side scripts are special commands you put in Web pages that
are processed before the pages are sent from the server to the
The only servers which support this facility are Microsoft Internet
Information Services & Microsoft Personal Web Server.
Let us look at both in detail, so that you can decide which one is most
suitable for you.
40. what are the few basic rules for XML document elements.?
Elements look like this and always have an opening and closing tag:
<element></element>
The current version is 5.0, and it ships as a part of the Windows 2000
operating system.
43. what is DTD?
In following line the reference is to the DTD located in the first element
under the XML document declaration:
Attributes contain values that are associated with an element and are
always part
<element attribute=”value”></element>.
The attribute name must follow an element name, then an equals sign
(=),then the attribute value, in single or double quotes.
The attribute value can contain quotes, and if it does, one type of
quote must be used in the value, and another around the value.
Ans :
Thin client : The architecture in which the client implement GUI, and the
server implements both business logic and data management ,such
clients are called as thin client.
Thick client: Clients that implement user interface and a part of business
logic, with remaining part being implemented at the server level, such
clients are called as Thick client.
It’s a standard XML document – the root element is the Envelope, which
has a namespace called ‘s’. The envelope contains header, which indicates of
transaction and the ID, and a Body, which indicates requested service.
A=
A=
A=
MARKETING WEAPON
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
DECISION SUPPORT
A=
INFORMATION PROCESSING
ANALYTICAL PROCESSING
DATA MINING
A=
A=
ROLAP--RELATIONAL DBMS
MOLAP--MULTI-DIMENSIONAL VIEWS
A=
A=
A=
A=
DATA CLEANING
DATA INTEGRATION
DATA TRANSACTION
DATA REDUCTION
Q2.what are the steps in the design and construction data warehouse?what
are it's components?
Q3.Explain the three-tier data Warehouse architecture
Q5.What are the differences between data warehouse and data marts?
Extended aggregation->
1999 standard define a rich set of aggregation function .The new aggression
functions on single attributes are standard deviation and variance.1999 also
supports new class of binary aggregate function,which compute stastical result on
pair of attributes,they include correlation,covariance and regression curves which
give a line approximating.
----- Data cube is used to represent data along some measure of interest.
or higher dimensional.
Drill down
Iceberg-Cubes
----- Cross tab is a table where values for one attribute (say A) form the row
headers, values for the another attribute (say B) form the column header,
and each cell is identified by (ai, bj) where ai is value for A & bj is value for B.
Q4. What are the different data preprocessing techniques ?
Data Cleaning
Data normalization
Data reduction.
Improper types
a) using metadata.
b) correlation analysis.
Ans:-
Ans:-
Ans:Smoothing,Aggregations,Generalization,Normalization,Attribute
construction.
Q:Name the different strategies for data reduction?
Q:name any two operations on data cube that you have performed in your
practical.
* Use the attribute mean (or majority nominal value) to fill in the
missing value.
* Use the attribute mean (or majority nominal value) for all samples
belonging to the same class.
* Binning
o Sort the attribute values and partition them into bins (see
"Unsupervised discretization" below);
1. Normalization:
* Scaling by using mean and standard deviation (useful when min and
max are unknown or when there are outliers): V'=(V-Mean)/StDev
* Aggregation or generalization
* Sampling
Q 2>what is OLAP?
Q 3>what is OLTP?
Ans=> It is a online transaction processing .OLTP requires that the data are
completely
Up to date
2 Dice operation
3 Roll up operation
4. Drill down
5. Visualization operation
Ans: Data mining often requires data integration which combines data from
multiple sources into coherent data store.
Smoothing
Aggregation
Generalization
Normalization
Attribute construction
Ans:data extraction
Data cleaning
Data transformation
Load
Refresh
Unit 6
Q1:-WHAT IS SYNONYM?
ANS1:-synonym means the words having the same meaning
but different representation
Q2:-WHAT IS HOMONYMS?
ANS2:-Homonym means the words having the same
pronounciation but bifferent meanings
Q3:-WHAT IS ONTOLOGIES?
ANS3:-It is the process to overcome the limitation of keyword
based search