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A. Stomata
B. Cuticles
C. Trichomes
D. Sporangia
E. Mitochondra
2) Dicots differ from monocots in that
A. in the stem, dicot veins are complex whereas monocot stems are arranged in a ring.
B. in the leaf, dicot veins have netted venation whereas monocot stems have parallel venation.
C. Dicot stems do not have vascular bundles, whereas monocot stems have vascular bundles.
D. Dicots usually have floral parts in multiples of three, whereas monocots have floral parts in
multiples of four or five.
3) A root hair is
A. a continuous extension of a cell from the vascular tissue
B. a specialized outward extension of a root epidermal cell
C. The site of adventitious root formation
D. The main site where the root apical meristem is found
4) Apical dominance is prevalent in many plant species. It is caused
A. when a terminal bud sends signals to stimulate lateral bud growth, thus producing lateral
shoots dominant over the terminal shoot.
B. when lateral buds send signals to the apex to grow. Loss of the lateral buds will cause the
apex to stop growing.
C. when signals from lateral roots inhibit growth of the primary root
D. when the most mature trees in the canopy shade out neighboring trees and prevent their
growth.
E. when the terminal bud sends signals to inhibit the growth of lateral shoots. Loss of the
terminal bud results in growth of the lateral shoots.
5) In the vasculature of a plant, the phloem transports photosynthates and nutrients. Phloem is
composed of these cell types
A. vessels, fibers, parenchyma
B. vessels, companion cells, and sieve-tube members
C. companion cells, quiescent cells, and sieve-tube members
D. sieve tube members and companion cells
6) In the growing primary root, three zones of growth are active. These are the
A. zone of cell division, elongation and maturation
B. zone of cell quiescence, enumeration and expansion
C. zone of cell division, maturation and migration
D. zone of cell elongation, maturation, and reversion.
7) In the lamina (blade) of the leaf, the palisade parenchyma is specialized for ______________
and the spongy parenchyma is most specialized for ______________.
A. water absorptiongas exchange
B. photosynthesisgas exchange
C. gas exchange.water absorption
D. structural supportphotosynthesis
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acid treatment
Fire treatment
A and B
A, B, and C.
equator.
e. More light from the sun is reflected away by the atmosphere at the poles than at the
equator.
26)
27)
Humans have often moved species from their native habitats to new habitats where they
can also be successful. Select the statement about this practice that is true:
a. It is not a wise practice, because moving even a few individuals from a native
population causes the native population to become extinct.
b. It is not a wise practice, because introduced species often interfere with, and cause the
extinction of, native species of the new habitat.
c. It is a sound practice, because it introduces genetic diversity that can be shared
between species.
d. It is a sound practice, because the best situation for the earth is to have all of the same
organisms occur all over the world.
e. None of the above.
28)
While climbing up a mountain, you would observe transitions in biological communities
that are similar to those you would encounter:
30)
31)
32)
33)
Select the incorrect match between the biome and its characteristic feature
a. Pond: may experience great temperature fluctuations.
b. Wetlands: covered by salt water.
c. Intertidal: organisms are adapted to waves.
d. Coral reefs: found only in shallow waters.
e. Ocean pelagic: the major source of the worlds oxygen.
34)
35)
c. many times, producing few large offspring each time, and lives a long time
d. many times, producing many large offspring each time, and lives a long time.
e. many times, producing many large offspring each time, and lives a short time.
36)
37)
When species are introduced into a new area and exhibit an initial period of exponential
growth, this is because:
a. Introduced species always survive better in a new habitat.
b. All species show an exponential growth curve.
c. Native species compete with the introduced species.
d. Resources are abundant and predators are absent.
e. The introduced species has reached carrying capacity.
38)
39)
At high population densities, an increase in population size causes the following to
decrease:
a. Aggressive behavior.
b. Emigration.
c. Spread of infectious diseases.
d. The age when an organism first reproduces.
e. The strength of the immune system
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
Select the statement that is false about the arms race (shown in a video played in class)
between the poisonous newt and the garter snake:
a. The newt is more poisonous than it needs to be to kill most of its predators.
b. Resistance to the newt toxins comes at a cost to the garter snake.
c. Newts increase in toxicity as a result of their conscious effort.
d. Resistance in snakes to the newt toxins results from evolution by natural selection.
e. The newt toxins are harmless if touched but harmful if ingested.
47)
48)
49)
The most important factors in determining primary productivity in the ocean are:
a. Temperature and nutrients.
b. Temperature and light.
c. Salinity and nutrients.
d. Light and nutrients.
e. Salinity and light.
51)
54)
55)
57) Intracellular molecular clocks are composed of genes and proteins that make up a
a. positive feedback loop
b. negative feedback loop
c. positive feedforward loop
d. negative feedforward loop
e. none of the above
58) Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome is a disorder that affects
a. circadian rhythms in Drosophila
b. learning and memory in Drosophila
c. circadian rhythms in humans
d. learning and memory in humans
e. all of the above
59) Which of the following is most likely to be a gene involved in circadian rhythms in
Drosophila?
a. cycle
b. rutabaga
c. adenylate cyclase
d. discs-large
e. turnip
60) Which of the following is the most complete description of a circadian rhythm?
a. An event that occurs once every 24 hours
b. An event that occurs once every 24 hours even in complete darkness
c. An event that occurs once every 24 hours even in complete darkness in Drosophila
d. An event that occurs once every 24 hours even in complete darkness in a Drosophila
cell
e. An event that occurs once every 24 hours even in complete darkness in a Drosophila
cell nucleus
61) Learning and memory can be studied in Drosophila using:
a. Odors and water
b. Odors and sight
c. Odors and taste
d. Odors and electric shocks
e. None of the above
62) The reason for studying the relationship between genes and behavior in Drosophila is:
a. They have a relatively simple genome
b. Genetics allows an investigator to identify genes with no previous function
c. Many genes in Drosophila are conserved with humans
66)
Of the five phyla and subphyla listed, to which one are you most closely related?
a) Cnidaria
b) Cephalochordata
c) Annelida
d) Nematoda
e) Echinodermata
67)
The distal-less gene (dll) plays an important role in the development of all of the
following animal structures except:
a) insect antennae.
b) tetrapod forelimbs.
c) tetrapod hindlimbs.
d) eyes.
e) echinoderm tube-feet.
68)
69)
Of the following primate species or groups, which is most distantly related to humans?
a) Chimpanzees
b) Gibbons
c) Orangutan
d) Old world monkeys
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e) Gorillas
70)
71)
The structure through which DNA is transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell
during conjugation is called:
a) a transformer
b) a transducer
c) a pilus.
d) a mutator
e) a plasmid
72) Emphysema is a disease attributable almost entirely to smoking tobacco and is caused
primarily by damage to which component(s) of the normal lung:
a) cilia
b) capillaries
c) elastin
d) a and b
e) none of the above
73) Muscles are joined to bones by
a. fascia
b. tendons.
c. loose connective tissue.
d. Haversian systems.
e. positive feedback.
74) Given a glass of water and asked to raise the osmolarity of the water to the highest possible
value by adding one of the following materials, which would you add:
a) one gram of serum albumin.
b) one gram of sodium chloride
c) one gram of starch.
d) two grams of serum albumin.
e) half a gram of serum albumin.
75) The action potential
(a) can convey signals over long distances without decrement along the axon.
(b) can not result from integration of individual graded responses to synaptic inputs.
(c) is an electrical impulse which decays in amplitude as it propagates from the initiation zone
to the axons synaptic terminal.
(d) is a measure of the amount of transmitter stored at the axonal synaptic terminal.
(e) is an electrical impulse which changes dramatically in time course as it propagates along
the axon.
76) The vertebrate cone photoreceptor response to light
(a) is in the form of action potentials whose rate is graded with light intensity.
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b.
c.
d.
e.
yolk sac
trophoblast
allantois
chorion
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90) Plant seeds contain embryos that are alive but not growing. The hormone responsible for
suppressing the growth of the embryo is:
A. GA
B. ABA
C. Auxin
D. Cytokinin
E. Ethylene
91) The transcription of a gene involved in the synthesis of a hormone is suppressed in transgenic
tomatoes. These tomatoes give rise to fruits that fail to ripen completely when left on the vine.
Ripening can be induced by treating the fruits with a gaseous hormone. This means the gene
inactivated in the transgenic plants encoded a protein involved in the synthesis of:
A. Cytokinin
B. Auxin
C. Ethylene
D. GA
E. ABA
92) Plants can perceive changes in day-length, by measuring the length of night. Short day (long
night) plants flower only when grown in an 8 hr light/16 hr dark cycle. A red light pulse given in
the middle of the night disrupts flowering. A subsequent pulse of far-red light reverses the effect
of the red-light pulse. We conclude from these experiments that
A. the cryptochrome photoreceptor is involved in light perception
B. chlorophyll is involved in light control of flowering
C. phytochrome is the photoreceptor involved in control of flowering
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
93) Photosynthate made in leaves is transported to non photosynthetic tissues as:
A. Sucrose
B. Starch
C. Glucose
D. Fructose
E. Amylose
94) The major driving force for the upward movement of water in the xylem is
A. guttation
B. solute potential
C. physical pressure from the cell wall
D. transpiration
E. protons
95) Plasma membrane ATPases are the driving force for a carrier- or channel-mediated uptake of
ions and large polar molecules. The plasma membrane ATPase acts by :
A. Pumping protons across the cell membrane to set up an membrane potential
B. Binding to solute and co-transporting with ATP
C. Binding to solute and co-transporting with protons
D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Passive diffusion
96) The water potential in a plant cell is equal to the:
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
97) Ions and solutes can move from cell-to-cell via cytoplasmic connections called
plasmodesmata. This type of cell-to-cell transport is called:
A. Apoplastic
B. cytosolic
C. Symplastic
D. transmembrane
E. vacuolar
98) Sucrose transport into phloem cells is called phloem loading. This term refers to the fact
that sucrose is transported into phloem cells
A. Along a concentration gradient
B. Against a concentration gradient
C. using symplastic connections
D. using K+ as a cotransported ion
E. None of the above
99) Phloem unloading refers to sucrose transport from the phloem into sink tissues such as
roots or potato tubers. Sucrose transport into the sink tissues occurs along a concentration
gradient and therefore occurs via a
A. xylem route
B. apoplastic route
C. transpiration route
D. symplastic route
E. cotransporter route
100) Stomata cells on the under surface of a leaf serve to regulate O2 and CO2 exchange and
transpiration. An influx of K+ into the stomata causes a:
A. decrease in the water potential and an influx of water
B. increase in water potential and an efflux of water
C. antiport of Na+
D. decrease in solute potential and an influx of water
E. decrease in solute potential and an efflux of water
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