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ES SOLO LA DESCRIPCIN, EL DOCUMENTO ORIGINAL ESTA EN FRANCS.

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METHOD OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FOR


REUSE AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD.
The invention relates to a method of treating waste, urban or industrial, for reuse of at least a fraction of this
waste water, process waters wherein the waste water is subject to the following successive steps:
- Biological treatment in a bioreactor,
- Filtration of the effluent from the biological treatment,
- Then a portion of the filtrate is subjected to a treatment with a reverse osmosis permeate is sent to recycling,
after optional further processing.
The reuse of wastewater and is to recover waste water after several treatments to remove impurities, to use
the water again.
Reuse the dual purpose of saving resource, which allows both to save resources by reusing upstream, but also
reduce the volume of contaminated waste.
The interest is even more important that there is quantitative and qualitative tensions over water resources in
the relevant geographic area.
The annual global demand for natural water was estimated to be about 4000 km <3> / year in 2000.
It is divided between three types of use with unequal needs: domestic (8%), industrial (22%) and agriculture
(70%).
There are more than 1000 km <3> / year domestic and industrial wastewater back into the environment, 80%
produced and released in industrialized countries ("Water in a changing world", the United Nations World
Water Development Report 3, 2009).
However, the return of wastewater into the environment after treatment works for only thirty years.
Although the level of treatment is constantly improving, the situation is severe.
The degradation of natural water resources in the sometimes irreversible effect of polluted waste endangers
the quantity and quality of freshwater resources for drinking water, industrial and domestic use and
maintenance of ecosystems.
The consequences are manifold: increased health risks for men, damage to ecosystems, need for additional
treatment with new costs.
According to forecasts, water demand is expected to grow over 60% by 2030 due to many socio-economic and
environmental factors, the main ones being the population growth, economic growth and globalization, and
climate change .
The protection and restoration of natural water resources and priorities in most industrialized countries and
some developing countries to achieve sustainable use of water.
Economic incentives such as cost of collection, the principle "polluter-pays" principle, and regulatory
requirements more stringent stimulate:
- The widespread application of advanced finishing processes to control pollution and discharges of persistent
organic micropollutants - the development of the reuse of effluent from both urban and industrial sewage
treatment plants to conserve resources while upstream reducing the volume of contaminated waste.

The main obstacles to these developments are techno-economic order.


On wastewater reuse, many processing techniques are implemented.
They are involved in addition to conventional therapy treatment.
They are combined to match the level of treatment for the intended use it is agricultural, industrial or urban,
while respecting the rules.
Can be distinguished:
- Pathways involving mechanical filtration, or environment, or membrane micro-or ultrafiltration, and
disinfection for irrigation or groundwater recharge,
- Integrating pathways after mechanical filtration, or environment, or membrane micro-or ultrafiltration
treatment by reverse osmosis or nanofiltration or not followed by disinfection for water high quality: drinking
water, industry.
Two types of technologies used to achieve the qualities of good water quality for reuse while minimizing the
liquid waste and move towards a zero liquid discharge.
These are firstly the distillation or evaporation and also reverse osmosis.
These technologies allow to produce water, become ionized and without organic substances.
Pollution is concentrated in the evaporation residue or in the concentrate osmosis.
They are disposed of as waste.
They can first be treated respectively in a crystallizer to separate inorganic materials or in an evaporator to
further reduce volumes.
Evaporation condensate product free of any substances and thus directly reusable in the absence of volatiles
only.
WO200767391 highlights the need to apply an advanced evaporation before reuse water boiler distillate
oxidation.
The evaporation residue is a high dryness in the range of 60% to 80%.
Several technologies are available: multi-effect evaporation, multi-stage evaporation, vapor compression
distillation (see for example, EP 2177478 and WO 2005054746).
From the theoretical point of view, the principle of evaporation is simple and easy to implement.
But in reality, the application of evaporation undergoes many limitations.
These are the high energy required to evaporate the water, to remove volatile compounds found in the water
evaporated to the condensation and cooling it and then all other subsequent treatment required the
evaporation residue.
These are also major operating systems such as scaling and corrosion problems.
Their mastery requires respectively control the pH to avoid precipitation of salts and hydroxides and
carbonates using construction materials resistant equipment.
This technology is expensive in operation and investment.
The energy requirement is particularly high with 20-40 kWh / m <3>.
And evaporation c stallisation is reserved for low liquid flow rates ("Water reuse: Issues, Technologies and
Application," Metcalf & VIE an AECOM Company, Takashi Asano, Franklin Burton, Harold Leverenz, Ryuiiro
Tsuchihashi, George Tchobanoglous, Ed McGraw-Hill, 2007 - 1570 pages).

US2010089740 illustrates the complexity of pretreatment required.


It is the same technology involving reverse osmosis in at least two stages, or associated with evaporation ..
Reverse osmosis is a method of liquid phase separation by permeation through semi-selective membranes
under the influence of a pressure gradient.
It separates into a concentrate dissolved constituents that persist in the water after advanced filtration.
The reverse osmosis membranes typically reject more than 90% ionized, the more difficult non-ionic organic
molecules and very little or no gas dissolved salts.
The main application of reverse osmosis and desalination.
Osmosis permeate is usually used in water treatment to produce drinking water to recharge the natural
resources, to provide extra water cooling tower or boiler water at high pressure.
The performance of the reverse osmosis depend on the characteristics of the water to be treated, the type of
membrane used and the operating conditions ("Memento Technique of Water", Degremont, Ed Lavoisier, 20051928 pages).
The concentrate product is 5 to 25% of the volume processed.
The volume is all the more important that the flow of membranes is reduced due to deposits and osmotic
pressure.
Reduce production volume requires increasing the operating pressure.
And the energy requirements are high (2-4 kWh / m <3>).
The outcome of the concentrate heavily loaded with salts and other contaminants is problematic.
Many systems are described in the literature for the treatment of osmosis concentrate until a solid waste and
approach zero discharge.
EP1982958 offers a complete treatment plant or industrial brackish water zero discharge based on reverse
osmosis desalination industry with double floor.
The main option is on heat treatment, evaporation, crystallization, which adds to the difficulties of operating
energy requirements and capital costs of desalination.
Also the development of the application of such networks is limited reuse due to a delicate operation and often
prohibitively expensive.
The invention is aimed, above all, to provide a treatment of wastewater for reuse of the type defined above,
which can produce a water quality suitable for urban or industrial use, with acceptable operating costs, while
reducing the flow of the discharge and maintaining the quality of discharges to an acceptable level for their
return to the wild.
According to the invention, a treatment of wastewater of the kind defined above is characterized in that it
comprises a single stage reverse osmosis or nanofiltration, and that the concentrate of the reverse osmosis
stage nanofiltration or reverse is subjected to an oxidation step is then returned to the inlet of the biological
treatment step.
Preferably the oxidation treatment is a concentrate ozonation.
The originality of the invention is thus to integrate loop techniques water separation and degradation of
pollution
- The water is separated from the insoluble and soluble contaminants by nanofiltration or reverse osmosis;
- Organic pollution and concentrated nutrients are processed and continuously removed by biological and
chemical means.

The RO permeate has good quality so that it can be used for noble purposes: adjunctive boiler circuits and aircooling tower with a quality of demineralized water or process water in industry, water production drinking.
Advantageously, the process comprises a recycling loop providing short sampling a portion of the filtrate
leaving the filtering step, subjecting this portion to filtrate a disinfection step, and then re-pointing to a less
demanding services water quality in the industry or in urban areas.
The treatment system may comprise, before the biological treatment in a bioreactor, a primary treatment step,
especially de.coagulation-flocculation, deoiling, decantation.
It may also include biological treatment after a separation step of insoluble particles by any known technique
such as filtration or membrane material, flotation, lamellar settling.
The output of the effluent from the separation unit can be connected by a short loop in a disinfecting unit
whose output is connected to a consumption unit in less demanding quality water.
The effluent discharge product is set to a minimum flow can meet the regulatory requirements for the quality of
the discharge in terms of organic pollutants, nutrients and salts.
The invention relates to an installation simultanmment of sewage, industrial or urban, for at least partial reuse
some more complex long loop, the facility comprising the loop for as short reuse water, a bioreactor of the
output effluent is connected to means for physical separation of the particles.
The effluent is here connected to equipment reverse osmosis or nanofiltration.
Pretreatment upstream helps control plugging osmosis membranes.
The soluble and non-biodegradable pollution found in the concentrate osmosis.
It may consist of organic matter and salts.
Rutilsation long loop is characterized in that the concentrate outlet of the processing equipment by reverse
osmosis or nanofiltration is connected to the input of a unit for oxidizing treatment, whose output is connected
to the input of loop bioreactor.
The unit is preferably an oxidizing treatment unit ozonation
In the case of industrial waste water, the unit may include a direct admission to the unit for treatment for
oxidizing a portion of the water to be treated containing harmful compounds toxic to the biodegradation
process, particularly for blowdown.
In the case of urban wastewater, the filtrate leaving the reverse osmosis unit or nanofiltration can be subjected
to a conditioning treatment for reuse water, including mineralization followed by disinfection before
distribution ..
Other techniques can complement this basic scheme for further desalination rejection.
The invention consists, apart from the provisions set out above, a number of other provisions which will be
explained in more detail below in connection with the embodiments described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, but are not way limiting.
In this drawing:
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a system implementing the method of the invention for the treatment of industrial waste
water, and
Fig. 2 is a similar diagram of Fig. 1 for the treatment of municipal wastewater.
Referring to Fig. 1, one can see an installation according to the invention for industrial wastewater reuse.
The consumer unit consists of one plant may include boiler circuits, cooling towers or other equipment
requiring demineralized water or process water quality.

Water consumed by the factory one from a sample 2 in a water resource.


The wastewater from the plant is discharged by a general output 3 to 4 unit primary treatment, including
coagulation-flocculation unit.
A secondary output 5 can be scheduled for removal from the plant purges circuits constituting less polluted
than wastewater discharged by the General output 3.
The output of the primary processing unit 4 is connected to the input of a bioreactor 6 by subjecting the waste
water admitted to the biological treatment reactor including activated, possibly with immersed membranes
sludge or biofilter.
The effluent from the bioreactor 6 is admitted to a physical separation or physicochemical 7, including unit
filtration, ultrafiltration or microfiltration, to retain the colloidal or particulate pollution.
The retentate from the filtration unit 7 is removed, usually in the form of sludge, by exit 8.
The effluent is collected in a product outlet conduit 9 connected to an input unit 10 to a reverse osmosis
treatment.
A portion of filtrate is withdrawn via a line connected to the January 1 outlet pipe 9 and connected to the input
of a unit 12 for disinfection.
The output of the unit 12 is connected by a line 13 to an input of plant utilization one for less demanding
services of water quality, for example circuits washwater premises, water circuit fire.
The loop formed by pipe 1 1 disinfection unit 12 and line 13 corresponds to a short loop reuse of the waste
water.
Line 14 also connected to the line 9 takes a portion of the filtrate for its rejection, for example in the sewer.
Line 14 is connected to the input of a desalination optional 15 which reduces the salt content of the water
before it is discharged to the sewer.
The main part of the filtrate leaving the unit 7 is led via line 9 to the input of the processing unit 10 by reverse
osmosis, comprising a single processing stage.
According to the invention, the output 16 of the concentrate of the reverse osmosis treatment is connected to
the input of an oxidation unit 17 to an oxidative treatment of the concentrate preferably with ozone in order to
degrade the organic material and possibly make biodegradable in the bioreactor 6.
The output of the unit 17 is connected ozonation through line 18 to the inlet of the bioreactor 6.
In this example, the oxidizing treatment is provided by the ozonation unit 17.
Alternatively, the gaseous effluent from the ozonation unit is recycled to the aerobic biological treatment.
In another embodiment, a portion of the produced ozone is used for disinfection in ensuring the short loop.
Still another embodiment, the oxidizing treatment could be provided by other chemical pathways such as
advanced oxidation processes.
The outlet 5 is constituted by including specific flow circuit as purges and water but slightly polluted with toxic
compounds such as biocides is advantageously connected directly to one input of unit 17 oxidation treatment.
The output 19 of RO permeate is connected by a pipe 20 to a water inlet, quality "process industry" to plant
one.
The processing unit 10 through reverse osmosis to produce water of very good quality.
Its implementation is made possible by the two-stage pretreatment: biological treatment with 6 bioreactor to
degrade the biodegradable material and physical separation unit 7, this separation can be mechanical filtration,

or material, or membrane (ultrafiltration or microfiltration) or lamellar settling or flotation to retain particulate


pollution.
All of this pretreatment can control fouling of reverse osmosis membranes ..
The soluble and non-biodegradable pollution found in the concentrate osmosis at exit 16.
This pollution can consist of organic matter and salts.
The oxidative treatment provided by the ozonation unit 17, applied to the concentrate osmosis, can degrade
organic matter and possibly make biodegradable in the bioreactor 6 where it is returned.
It also helps break down the organometallic compound and oxidized metals to promote their removal by
adsorption in biological sludge or physical separation This oxidative treatment is applied to other waste water
stream from the output 5, segregated, to detoxify before admitting them into the biological treatment stage of
the bioreactor 6.
The effluent from the filtration 7 upstream of the RO 10 is lower quality than the reverse osmosis permeate,
while of good quality.
He is withdrawn through line 1 1 reduced volume to bleed the system and to reuse for less demanding
services of water quality.
Referring to Fig. 2, we can see a simplified diagram of a plant according to the invention for the treatment of
urban wastewater.
The elements of this same elements already described in connection diagram Fig. 1 are designated by the
same reference numerals without describing them once.
The unit consumption of water, instead of being a factory as on Fig. 1, consists of a city 21 which comprises 3
output only wastewater.
As for the installation of Fig. 1 water for reuse, is separated from the insoluble and soluble contaminants by
reverse osmosis at the processing unit 10.
The concentrate from the reverse osmosis is subject to a 17 ozonation treatment before being returned to the
bioreactor 6.
The permeate out of the reverse osmosis 10 is subjected to a conditioning treatment of drinking water 22
before being returned to use in the city 21.
The packaging of potable water generally comprises a step 22 of mineralization permeate followed by
disinfecting step in the distribution network.
Found a short loop 13 for reuse water of insufficient quality for drinking, but sufficient for services such as
street cleaning, irrigation of parks and gardens.
The long loop recycling 20 provides a high quality water, including drinking water.
The invention provides for both the treatment of industrial wastewater that urban wastewater, a high quality
permeate from a single reverse osmosis treatment 10 with an investment cost and expense operating energy
much smaller, easier for the networks including multi-stage evaporation and reverse osmosis according to
state of the art operation.
The invention offers more flexibility for the joint water regenerated two qualities while controlling the
accumulation of pollution in the circuit production.
The basic scheme of the installation can be completed by a primary processing unit 4, as already mentioned,
upstream of biological treatment, remineralization and / or disinfection of treated effluent reuse as a
demineralization applied to permeate ' osmosis desalination subsequent rejection as shown by the unit 15 of
Fig.
1.

Example
An example of application of the invention relates to an industrial wastewater reuse on a refinery /
petrochemical complex.
Compared to the options described above, the treatment system includes primary treatment of oiling and
treatment activated biofilter biological treatment, physical separation by ultrafiltration sludge.
The treatment process according to the invention chain reduces water intake 2 50% in accordance with local
regulations on natural water sample.
The concentration level of salinity in the loop is maintained at long reuse 3.
The return on investment is estimated less than three years compared to levy taxes.
The volume of discharge at line 14 is reduced by 70%.
Rejection has a COD of 50 mg / L on average, and micro-phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
and benzene derivatives
(BTEX stands for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) are no longer detectable in the release.
The die according to the sector of the invention provides:
- A reduction in water intake in the resource
- Limiting the volume of wastewater produced final (rejection)
- Quality of wastewater ultimate compliance with regulatory thresholds for rejection
- A good command of the accumulation of pollutants in the circuit - reduced compared to chains reuse type
zero liquid discharge costs of construction, maintenance and operation.
The combination of steps of the chain according to the invention allows a reduction of rejection while
minimizing investment and allowing easy operation.
Consequently, it ensures the preservation of water resources, reduce costs, and that the operation easier.

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