NAME:.............................................................

ROOM:....................

PIERRE CHARLES SECONDARY SCHOOL

MOCK CSEC EXAMINATION

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

PAPER 02
2 hours

MARCH 2015

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of FOURTEEN questions in TWO sections.

2. SECTION A consists on TEN questions. Answer ALL TEN questions. For EACH question, write
your answer in the space provided and return the booklet at the end of the examination. Each
question is worth 10 marks.
3. SECTION B consists of FOUR questions. Answer ONLY TWO questions. Write your answers on
your sheets of paper then attach the loose sheets to the booklet and return at the end of the
examination. Each question is worth 20 marks.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNLESS YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in this section.
1.

Conservationists are concerned about the extinction of whales, dolphins and sharks.
(a) Develop a food chain of FOUR organisms, ONE of which MUST include the dolphin OR shark. (3)
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(b) Explain how a ban on fishing of whales, dolphins and sharks would affect the ecosystem.

(4)

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(c) Define each of the following terms:

(3)

(i)

Carnivore: .........................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Herbivore: .........................................................................................................................................

(iii)

Omnivore: .........................................................................................................................................

Total 10 marks
2. (a) (i)

Name and define the process by which water enters a plant cell.

(2)

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(ii)

Give one example, of the process named in ((a) i.) above occurring in the human body.

(1)

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(b) During his visit to a medical doctor, Mr. Douglas learns that he has sugar in his urine.
(i)

Is it normal for a healthy person to have sugar in his or her urine? ................................... (1)

(ii)

Describe the process of ultrafiltration in the tubules of the kidneys.

(3)

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(iii)

Name ONE disease which Mr. Douglas may have, based on the results of his urine test.

(1)

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(iv).

Suggest TWO measures which the doctor may recommend to Mr. Douglas to treat the disease4
named in (iii) above.
(2)
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Total 10 marks
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3. (a) Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word or words chosen from the list provided in
brackets.

(blood, glucose, fats, oxygen, lymphocytes, waste products)

(3)

Food molecules, such as ____________________________________________ and substances such as,

______________________________________ are carried to the cells where they are needed. The blood
also collects and carries away _______________________________________________ from the cells.
(b)

Mrs. Timothys blood vessels, supplying blood to her heart muscle itself, have become clogged with
fatty substance.
(i)

Identify a medical condition that Mrs. Timothy is LIKELY to suffer and one symptom of this
condition.
(2)
CONDITION: ...................................................................................................................................
SYMPTOM: ......................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain how the clogged blood vessels will affect the heart and hence the body.

(5)

Effect on the heart:

Effect on the body:

Total 10 marks
4. (a) The diagram below shows the detailed structure of part of a lung and its blood supply.

Name the parts labeled X and Y in the diagram above.

(2)
(i)
X: ..
(ii)

Y: ..

(b) Define the term vital capacity.

(1)

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(c) During a sprint race both aerobic and anaerobic respirations occur in an athletes body.
(i)

Explain the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration taking place during the race.

(5)

Aerobic Respiration:.........................................................................................................................
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Anaerobic Respiration:......................................................................................................................
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(ii)

Explain why anaerobic respiration occurs after aerobic respiration in the athletes body.

(2)

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Total 10 marks
5. (a) (i)

Name ONE water-soluble vitamin and ONE fat-soluble vitamin.

(2)

Water Soluble:.................................................... Fat Soluble: ........................................................

(ii)

Which vitamin, when deficient, causes night blindness? .................................................... (1)

(b) For years, Mr. Henry has been having too much carbohydrate in his diet and no physical exercise. This
has affected his health.
(i)

What is the end-product of carbohydrate digestion?............................................................ (1)

(ii)

Excess carbohydrate leads to excess end-product for Mr. Henry. State what happens to the excess
end-product of carbohydrate digestion.
............................................................................................................................................... (2)

(iii)

Suggest ONE possible disease which may have resulted from Mr. Henrys diet of excess
carbohydrate, and no physical exercise.
................................................................................................................................... (1)

(c) Explain how too little calcium in the diet over a prolonged period of time affects the body.

(3)

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Total 10 marks
6. (a) Define the term homeostasis, giving one example relating to the human body.
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(3)

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(b) The figure below shows blood glucose levels over a two hour period after breakfast.

(i)

Describe the shape of the graph in terms of blood glucose levels and time after breakfast. (3)

(ii)

Name the hormone responsible for the fall and rise of glucose levels in the blood, and explain
how this hormone controls glucose levels.
(4)

Total 10 marks
7. (a) (i)

Define the term vector.

(2)

..
..
(ii)

Which vector is responsible for the spread of dengue fever in the Caribbean?

(1)

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(b) You are preparing a poster for dengue fever awareness in your community. Using your knowledge of the
disease, what information would you include with respect to each of the following?
(i)

The organism which causes the disease.

(1)

(ii)

The form of the disease in which there is bleeding.

(1)

(iii)

Transmission of the disease vector.

(5)

Total 10 marks
8.

Living things use materials from the environment. Some of these materials are cycled in nature and
returned to the environment.
(a) Carbon is one element which is cycled in nature. The diagram below shows a part of the carbon cycle.

(i)

Identify the processes occurring at I and II in the diagram above.

(2)

I..
II.
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(ii)

The lungs a responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the body. Which structure in the lungs
is responsible for gaseous exchange?
(1)

(b) Nitrogen is another element which is cycled in nature. Plants use nitrogen in the form of nitrates.
(i)

Explain the role of nitrifying bacteria in making nitrates available to plants.

(3)

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(ii)

Explain how nitrates in the soil are returned to the atmosphere as nitrogen gas.

(2)

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(c) Decomposers like bacteria and fungi, feed on dead organisms and waste droppings from animals and
release nutrients into the soil. One way human beings can utilize decomposers is in the production of
biogas.
Suggest TWO OTHER ways in which human beings can utilize decomposers to benefit their daily lives.
(2)
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Total 10 marks
9. (a) The diagram below outlines part of the human body.

(i)

.
Name the endocrine glands labeled A, B, and C in the diagram above.

(3)

A: ......................................................................................................................................................
B: .......................................................................................................................................................
C: .......................................................................................................................................................
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(ii)

Why is the pancreas considered as BOTH an endocrine and exocrine gland?

(3)

Endocrine: .........................................................................................................................................
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Exocrine: ...........................................................................................................................................
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(b) Diabetes mellitus is a common disease among Caribbean people.
(i)

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas is likely to be deficient in people suffering from
Diabetes mellitus?
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain how the hormone named in (b) (i) above functions to lower blood glucose levels. (3)
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Total 10 marks
10. (a) (i)

What is meant by the term drug abuse?

(1)

(ii)

Name TWO commonly abused legal (social) drugs in the Caribbean.

(2)

(b) A woman who smokes gives birth to a small baby who dies within one week of its birth.
(i)

Suggest how smoking causes babies to be smaller than normal.

(2)

(ii)

Nicotine passes across the placental barrier to the foetus.

Describe the effect of nicotine on infants.

(1)

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(iii)

Name ONE OTHER way in which nicotine may be passed from mother to infant.

(c) Suggest TWO effects of alcohol consumption on the foetus.

(2)

Total 10 marks

SECTION B
Answer ANY TWO questions.
Write your answers your sheets of paper then attach to booklet before handing up.
11.

Cell division occurs by mitosis and by meiosis.

(a) Copy and complete the table below to show THREE differences between mitosis and meiosis.

(3)

Differences
Mitosis

Meiosis

(i) Occurs in normal body cells

(i)

(ii) Produces cells having the diploid number of chromosomes

(ii)

(iii)

(iii) Results in genetic variation

(b) Meiosis results in generic variation.
(i)

In continuous variation there are small differences among individuals. Give ONE example of
continuous variation in human beings.
(1)

(ii)

Discontinuous variation shows distinct differences among individuals. Give ONE example of
discontinuous variation in human beings.
(1)

(c) The genotype of Mr. Henry is XH Y and the genotype of Mrs. Henry is XH Xh. X and Y represent the sex
chromosomes, H represents the dominant normal allele and h represents the recessive allele for
haemophillia. One of their two children, John and Jenny, inherited the sex linked disorder, haemophilia.
(i)

Using a clearly labeled cross diagram, show how haemophilia is passed from the parents to one
of their children.
(8)

(ii)

Which of the children, John or Jenny, inherited haemophillia? Give a reason for your answer.

(2)
(d) One of your classmates, who suffers from haemophillia gets a cut on his hand. Suggest ONE sign of the
disease and how can it be treated.
(2)
(e) Your friend Saralee is an albino.
(i)

What kind of alleles, dominant or recessive, causes albinism?

(ii)

Suggest ONE characteristic that distinguishes Saralee as an albino, and ONE precaution she must
take in her daily life.
(2)

Total 20 marks
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(1)

Write your answer to Question 11 here.

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12. (a) (i)

(ii)

State TWO functions of bones and ONE function of cartilage.

Name the type of joint found at the: - shoulder

- knee

(3)
- sutures

(b) In a degenerative disease which affects elderly people, the cartilage in the knee is lost.
Predict how the loss of knee cartilage would affect the function of the knee.

(3)
(3)

(c) A cricketer who injured his biceps cannot bend his arm. Use your knowledge of bones, tendons and
muscles to explain why he cannot bend his arm.
(9)
(d) Explain why a broken shoulder bone would affect movement of the lower arm.

(3)

Total 20 marks
Write your answer to Question 12 here.
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13. (a) State one function of EACH of the following parts of the reproductive system:
- Testis
- Urethra
-Oviduct
-Ovary
-Vas Deferens

(5)

(b) Birth control methods are being promoted in under developed countries as a mean of controlling
population. Discuss FOUR advantages and FOUR disadvantages of controlling population growth. (8)
(c) Use your knowledge of the menstrual cycle and fertilization to explain EACH of the following. (7)
i. Menstruating females can become pregnant during only a few days each month.
ii. Females taking the pill do NOT normally become pregnant.
iii. Very young females and very old females CANNOT normally become pregnant.
Total 20 marks
Write your answer to Question 13 here.
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14. (a) Name the organism which causes Leptospirosis.

(1)

(b) Identify the animal vector which commonly carries Leptospirosis in the Caribbean.

(1)

(c) Give THREE symptoms of Leptospirosis.

(3)

(d) Hurricane Gilbert caused floods in Jamaica, resulting in a increase in Leptospirosis.

(i)

Suggest how the floods may have caused an increase in the incidence of Leptospirosis?

(10)

(ii)

What treatment is given to a person with Leptospirosis?

(1)

(iii)

Advise your community on FOUR ways to reduce the incidence of Leptospirosis.

(4)

Total 20 marks
Write your answer to Question 14 here.
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END OF EXAM
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