CONFIDENTIAL

OSM601
EXERCISE SPSS
RESEARCH METHODS

Name: ________________________________

Date: __________

Group: ___________

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (100 MARKS)

The data below is a study on the factors influencing online shopping in Malaysia. The
population of this study consists of all part time students enrolled with a public institution of
higher learning. A structured questionnaire consisting of four parts (i.e. Demographic,
Attitude, Subjective Norm and Intention) was used to collect the data for this study using
convenience sampling. A total of 30 responses were received from a total of 50
questionnaires distributed. The scale comprised of 2 Independent variables (IV) and 1
Dependent variable (DV). The independent variables are attitude and subjective norm and
the dependent variable is intention to shop online.
The scale of attitude comprised of two items:
ATTITUDE
1. I feel using online shopping is a wise idea.
2. I like to use online shopping.
3. My attitude towards online shopping is favourable.
4. I think it is good for me to use online shopping.
The scale of subjective norm consists of three items namely;
SUBJECTIVE NORM
1. Most people who are important to me would think that using online shopping is a
wise idea.
2. Most people who are important to me would think that I should use online shopping.
3. Most people who influence my behavior would think that I should use online
shopping.
The scale for behavioral intention comprised of three items.
BEHAVIORAL INTENTION
1. I plan to use online shopping.
2. I will frequently use online shopping in the future.
3. I will add online shopping to my favourite links.
4. I will strongly recommend others to use online shopping.
The response format for the items above is as below:
1= Strongly Disagree
2=Disagree
3=Not sure
4=Agree
5=Strongly Agree
Save your WORD file as YOUR NAME and GROUP.
(1 mark)
1

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ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
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25
26
27
28
29
30

OSM601

AGE

GENDER

ATT1

ATT2

ATT3

ATT4

SN1

SN2

SN3

BI1

BI2

BI3

BI4

28
25
26
34
33
22
29
44
29
29
44
39
38
33
36
37
31
31
33
66
31
35
32
25
37
38
34
23
37
31

1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
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2
2
1
1
2
2
2

2
4
5
4
4
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5
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3
4
5
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4
5
4
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5
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2
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4

3
4
5
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3
4
4
5
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4
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3
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5
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4
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3
5
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3
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5
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4

3
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5
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3
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2
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5
3
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4

3
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3
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4

3
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3
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3
5
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4

4
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3
5
4
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3
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5
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4

3
4
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5
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3
4
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4
2
4
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5
3
4
4
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
4

3
4
5
4
4
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4
4
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4
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4
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4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
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5
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4
4

4
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5
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3
5
4
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3
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4

4
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4
5
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
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5
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4
5
5
4
5
5
4

Figure 1: SPSS Data

2

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OSM601

QUESTION 1: RESPONSE RATE

1

Calculate the response rates for this study? (2 marks)

QUESTION 2: PREPARATION OF DATA FILES

1
2

Prepare a simple codebook for the above data. Print screen the Variable View (10
marks)
Enter all the 30 respondents in the Data View. Print screen the Data View. (5 marks)

QUESTION 3: DATA TRANSFORMATION

1

Recode the age above into categorical data as below: (3 marks)

a. 20 to 30 years old
b. 31 to 50 years old
Recode into young and middle age adults (1 mark)

Compute the mean score for Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Intention to Shop Online.
(6 marks)
Mean

Std. Dev.

Attitude
Subjective Norm
Intention to Shop Online
QUESTION 4: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
1. How many male and female subjects in the study above? Use the frequency table.
(6 marks)
Frequency (n)

Percent (%)

Male
Female
Total

2. Produce a frequency table for the new age that has been recoded. (8 marks)
Frequency (n)

Percent (%)

Young
Middle Age
Total
3. Produce a histogram of ages for 30 subjects above. (2 marks)
4. Draw a bar chart for gender and label the bar with percentage. Insert a title to the bar
chart. (4 marks)
5. Identify the mean, mode, median and range for age. Show your calculations. (8
marks)

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OSM601

6. What is the mean and standard deviation for ATT 1, ATT 2, SN1, SN2, SN3, and BI1,
BI2, and BI3.(16 marks)
Mean

Std. Dev.

ATT1
ATT2
ATT3
ATT4
SN1
SN2
SN3
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
QUESTION 5: CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS
1
2
3

Draw a conceptual framework for the above study. (1 mark)

Formulate 2 directional hypotheses for this research. Do you accept or reject your
directional hypotheses. (3 marks)
Construct two simple scatterplot using Attitude and Intention to Shop Online and
Subjective Norm to Intention to Shop Online. Insert a title and copy and paste the
scatterplot. (3 marks)
Is there any relationship between attitude and intention to shop online? Run the
correlation.Interpret your result based on strength, direction, significant level and the
variance (R2). Do you accept or reject your directional hypotheses? (5 marks)
Is there any relationship between subjective norm and intention to shop online? Run
the correlation. Interpret your result based on strength, direction, significant level and
the variance (R2). Do you accept or reject your directional hypotheses? (5 marks)
Conclude your result from the findings of the relationship above. (2 marks)

QUESTION 6: COMPARISON ANALYSIS

1

Is there any significant difference between gender and intention to shop online? Run
the Independent Sample T-Test and interpret the result by answering the following
questions:
a. What is the mean score for male and female? Copy and paste the table.
(2 marks)
b. State the null hypothesis. (1 mark)
c. Does intention to shop online has any significant differences between male
and female? Do you accept or reject your null hypothesis? Copy and paste
the table. (3 marks)
Print screen the NEW variable view and data view of your file that have been
analyzed. (4 marks)

Independent Samples Test

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OSM601

Levene's Test

t-test for Equality of Means

for Equality of
Variances
F

Sig.

df

Sig.

Mean

Std. Error

95% Confidence

(2-

Difference

Difference

Interval of the

tailed)

Equal

1.493

.232 .886

Difference
Lower

Upper

28

.383

.16250

.18348

-.21335

.53835

.971 23.120

.341

.16250

.16729

-.18346

.50846

variances
assumed
MEANBI Equal
variances
not
assumed
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for

t-test for Equality of Means

Equality of
Variances
F

Sig.

df

Sig. (2tailed)

Mean

Std. Error

Difference Difference

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower

Equal

.602

.444 .413

Upper

28

.683

.12037

.29144 -.47662

.71736

.503 2.776

.652

.12037

.23946 -.67768

.91842

variances
MEANBI

assumed
Equal
variances not
assumed

Correlations

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OSM601

MEANATT

MEANSN

Pearson Correlation
MEANATT

.882**

.000

.000

30

30

30

**

.811**

.817

Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation

MEANSN

.817

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

N
Pearson Correlation
MEANBI

MEANBI
**

30

30

30

**

**

.882

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000
.811

.000

.000

30

30

30

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Model Summaryb
Model

Adjusted R

Std. Error of

Square

Square

the Estimate

.896a

.803

.788

Change Statistics
R Square

Change

Change

.21715

.803

df1 df2

DurbinWatson

Sig. F
Change

55.004

27

.000

1.964

a. Predictors: (Constant), MEANSN, MEANATT

b. Dependent Variable: MEANBI

ANOVAa
Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

Regression

5.187

2.594

Residual

1.273

27

.047

Total

6.460

29

Sig.

55.004

.000b

a. Dependent Variable: MEANBI

b. Predictors: (Constant), MEANSN, MEANATT

Coefficientsa
Model

Unstandardized Coefficients
B

Standardized Coefficients

Std. Error

Sig.

Beta

Collinearity Statistics
Tolerance

VIF

(Constant)

.843

.322

2.621 .014

1 MEANATT

.582

.131

.660 4.453 .000

.332

3.011

.218

.119

.272 1.834 .078

.332

3.011

MEANSN

a. Dependent Variable: MEANBI

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OSM601

Statistics
MEANATT

MEANBI

30

30

30

Mean

4.1583

4.2667

4.1917

Std. Deviation

.53532

.58982

.47199

Valid

MEANSN

Missing

CHAPTER 4
Introduction
The aim of the study is to determine the level of intention among the shoppers who purchase
various products online. This section presents the results based on the research questions.
SPSS is utilized to analyze the data.
RESEARCH QUESTION 1
What is the level of behavioural intention among respondents/ shoppers when they do their
purchasing online?
The mean score for BI is 4.19.

RESEARCH QUESTION 2
Is there a mean difference between male and female when purchasing products online?
Independent T-test was conducted to find out the mean difference between male and female
based on their BI to shop online. The Levenes Test table reveals F-value = 1.493, p-value =
.232. These results indicate there is no mean difference between male and female because
the p-value is more than 0.05. Therefore, shopping online is favoured by both male and
female.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test

t-test for Equality of Means

for Equality of
Variances
F

Sig.

df

Sig.

Mean

Std. Error

95% Confidence

(2-

Difference

Difference

Interval of the

tailed)

Difference
Lower

Upper

CONFIDENTIAL

OSM601

Equal

1.493

.232 .886

28

.383

.16250

.18348

-.21335

.53835

.971 23.120

.341

.16250

.16729

-.18346

.50846

variances
assumed
MEANBI Equal
variances
not
assumed

RESEARCH QUESTION 3
Is there a relationship between attitude, subjective norm and behavior intention?
Correlations
MEANATT
Pearson Correlation
MEANATT

.000

.000

30

30

30

**

.811**

.817

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

N
Pearson Correlation
MEANBI

.882**

Sig. (2-tailed)

Pearson Correlation

MEANBI

.817**

N
MEANSN

MEANSN

30

30

30

**

**

.882

Sig. (2-tailed)
N

.000
.811

.000

.000

30

30

30

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

In this question, there are 3 hypotheses developed to test its strength with each other.
The first hypothesis is There is a significant relationship between ATTITUDE and
BHEAVIOUR INTENTION.

Pearson correlation was used to determine the r-value and p-value. The current results
present significant relationship between ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR INTENTION with a pvalue less than 0.05 and the r-value is .882. Therefore, there is significant relationship
between ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR INTENTION. So, the hypothesis is accepted.
RESEARCH QUESTION 4
Which variable influences the most towards behavior intention?

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OSM601

Based on the mean score for the two independent variables which ATTITUDE AND
SUBJECTIVE NORM,
The highest mean score is SUBJECTIVE NORM which indicates the variable influences the
most towards BI.

Statistics
MEANATT

MEANBI

30

30

30

Mean

4.1583

4.2667

4.1917

Std. Deviation

.53532

.58982

.47199

Valid

MEANSN

Missing

Multiple regression is conducted to find out more detailed results. Refering to the table, it
can be interpreted that 80 percent of the variance in BEHAVIOUR INTENTION is explained
by both ATTITUDE AND SUBJECTIVE NORM.
The scale of attitude comprised of two items:
ATTITUDE
5. I feel using online shopping is a wise idea.
6. I like to use online shopping.
7. My attitude towards online shopping is favourable.
8. I think it is good for me to use online shopping.
The scale of subjective norm consists of three items namely;
SUBJECTIVE NORM
4. Most people who are important to me would think that using online shopping is a
wise idea.
5. Most people who are important to me would think that I should use online shopping.
6. Most people who influence my behavior would think that I should use online
shopping.
The scale for behavioral intention comprised of three items.
BEHAVIORAL INTENTION
5. I plan to use online shopping.
6. I will frequently use online shopping in the future.
7. I will add online shopping to my favourite links.
8. I will strongly recommend others to use online shopping.