Rate of Enzymatic Activity of Salivary

Amylase based on changes in

temperature and pH
Amurao
Carreon
Duldulao
Gonzales, A.
3Bio4

Catalyst
a substance that causes or accelerates a
chemical reaction without being used up.

Enzymes
Biological molecules that catalyze many important reactions
inside the body
Act as biological catalysts cause or accelerate chemical
reactions by lowering the Energy of Activation (Ea )
Important biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes:

Metabolism
DNA synthesis
RNA synthesis
Protein synthesis
Digestion

Properties of Enzymes

Large protein molecules

Re-usable
Remain unchanged
Very specific- act only on specific substrate
Operate at very high speeds
Rate of reaction is dependent upon temperature, pH,
[E], & [S]
Usually work best below 60C
Denature at very high temperatures (e.g. 100C)

Properties of Enzymes
Active site
- pocket or cleft
- contains amino acid side chains that participate in
substrate binding and catalysis

Substrate
- reactant molecules

Lock and key model

Emil Fischer
The active site and the substrate have complementary shapes
to allow perfect fit
Right-sized key (substrate)
Keyhole (active site)
Lock (enzyme)

Induced fit (hand-and-glove) model

Daniel Koshland
The enzyme is assumed to be a flexible molecule
Binding of he substrate induces a conformational change in
the enzymes active site resulting in a perfect fit

How enzymes work?

How enzymes work?

All chemical reactions
have energy barrier of
the free energy of
activation
Increases the rate of
reaction

How enzymes work?

Lowers the free
energy of activation
Low free energy of
activation more
energized molecules
faster rate of
reaction

Salivary amylase
Secreted by salivary glands
functions as the first main step of the process of
digestion
catalyses the breakdown of starch into simpler
sugars (maltose and isomaltose)
digests starch by catalyzing hydrolysis
Optimum temperature : 37C
Optimum pH : 5.6 6.7

Starch
Mixture of two polysaccharides: amylose and
amylopectin
White, tasteless, solid carbohydrate
Converted to glucose through hydrolysis
Detected by iodine (blue-black color)

Objectives:

to examine the effect of different

temperatures on the enzymatic activity of the

salivary amylase

to examine the effect of different pH on the

enzymatic activity of the salivary amylase;

Salivary Amylase

-Amylase
Hydrolyzes alpha bonds of large, alpha linked
oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
acts on linear (1,4) glycosidic linkages

STARCH + SALIVARY AMYLASE -> MALTOSE + SALIVARY AMYLASE

+ DEXTRIN

Salivary Amylase
chloride-dependent enzyme
AMY1A gene
Encodes human salivary amylase
Influence salivary amylase concentration and
enzymatic activity

Effect of Temperature

Increase in temperature = Faster enzymatic reaction

BUT...
Enzymes work best at a certain temperature (optimum
temperature) wherein the reaction rate will be at a
maximum
Optimum Temperature: 37 C (body temperature)
Lower than 37 C = slower reaction
At 40 C = some enzymes are denatured
At 50 C and higher = most enzymes are denatured
Destruction of 2 and 3 structures

Effect of Temperature

Effect of pH
pH affects the detailed structure of the active
site of the enzyme
Requires certain level of acidity and alkalinity
Not too much nor too little H+, which
interferes with electric charges and disrupts
H-bonds
Extremely high or low pH will result in the
complete loss of enzymatic activity

Effect of pH
Optimum pH: pH 6.7 7 (for groups 1-5),
pH 5.6 (for groups 6-10)
pH 10 is when most if not all enzymes are
denatured

Effect of temperature on Enzymatic activity

Increase in temperature, faster enzymatic reaction
Enzymes work best at a certain temperature
(optimum temperature) wherein the reaction rate
will be at maximum
Optimum temperature = 37C

Effect of pH on Enzymatic activity

Affects the ionization of acidic or basic
amino groups
Affects the shape of the substrate in the
same way
Optimum pH for salivary amylase: pH =
5.6-7