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10(number)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

10(number)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

10(ten i /tn/)isanevennaturalnumberfollowing9andpreceding11.Tenisthebaseofthedecimalnumeral
system,byfarthemostcommonsystemofdenotingnumbersinbothspokenandwrittenlanguage.Thereasonfor
thechoiceoftenisassumedtobethathumanshavetenfingers(digits).

10

11

10111213141516171819
ListofnumbersIntegers
0102030405060708090

Contents

Cardinal

ten

Ordinal

10th
(tenth)

Numeralsystem

decimal

Factorization

25

Divisors

1,2,5,10

Romannumeral

Romannumeral(unicode)

X,x

Greekprefix

deca/deka

Latinprefix

deci

4Inreligionandphilosophy

Binary

10102

5Inmoney

Ternary

1013

6Inmusic

Quaternary

224

7Insportsandgames

Quinary

205

Senary

146

10Seealso

Octal

128

11References

Duodecimal

A12

Hexadecimal

A16

Vigesimal

A20

1Commonusageandderivedterms
2Inmathematics
2.1Innumeralsystems
2.1.1Decimalsystem
2.1.2Romannumerals
2.1.3Positionalnumeralsystemsotherthandecimal
2.2Listofbasiccalculations
3Inscience
3.1Astronomy

8Intechnology
9Inotherfields

Commonusageandderivedterms

Base36

A36

Acollectionoftenitems(mostoftentenyears)iscalledadecade.

Chinesenumeral

Theordinaladjectiveisdecimalthedistributiveadjectiveisdenary.

Hebrew

(Yod)

Increasingaquantitybyoneorderofmagnitudeismostwidelyunderstoodtomeanmultiplyingthequantity

Khmer

Korean

Tamil

Thai

Devangar

Bangla

byten.
Toreducesomethingbyonetenthistodecimate.(InancientRome,thekillingofoneintensoldiersina
cohortwasthepunishmentforcowardiceormutinyor,onetenthoftheablebodiedmeninavillageasa
formofretribution,thuscausingalaborshortageandthreatofstarvationinagrariansocieties.)

Inmathematics

Tenisacompositenumber,itsproperdivisorsbeing1,2and5.Tenisthesmallestnoncototient,anumberthatcannotbeexpressedasthedifferencebetweenany
integerandthetotalnumberofcoprimesbelowit.
Tenistheseconddiscretesemiprime(2.5)andthesecondmemberofthe(2.q)discretesemiprimefamily.Tenhasanaliquotsum(n)of8andisaccordinglythe
firstdiscretesemiprimetobeindeficit.Allsubsequentdiscretesemiprimesareindeficit.Thealiquotsequencefor10comprisesfivemembers(10,8,7,1,0)withthis
numberbeingthesecondcompositememberofthe7aliquottree.
Tenisthesmallestsemiprimethatisthesumofallthedistinctprimenumbersfromitslowerfactorthroughitshigherfactor(10=2+3+5=2.5)Onlythreeother
smallsemiprimes(39,155,and371)sharethisattribute.
Itisthealiquotsumofonlyonenumberthediscretesemiprime14.
Tenisasemimeandricnumber.
Tenisthesumofthefirstthreeprimenumbers,ofthefourfirstnumbers(1+2+3+4),ofthesquareofthetwofirstoddnumbersandalsoofthefirstfourfactorials
(0!+1!+2!+3!).TenistheeighthPerrinnumber,precededinthesequenceby5,5,7.
Apolygonwithtensidesisadecagon,and10isadecagonalnumber.Because10istheproductofapowerof2(namely21)withnothingbutdistinctFermatprimes
(specifically5),aregulardecagonisaconstructiblepolygon.
Tenisalsoatriangularnumberandacenteredtriangularnumber.
TenisthenumberofnQueensProblemsolutionsforn=5.
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Tenisthesmallestnumberwhosestatusasapossiblefriendlynumberisunknown.

Innumeralsystems
Decimalsystem
Asisthecaseforanybaseinitssystem,tenisthefirsttwodigitnumberindecimalandthusthelowestnumberwherethepositionofanumeralaffectsitsvalue.Any
integerwritteninthedecimalsystemcanbemultipliedbytenbyaddingazerototheend(e.g.855*10=8550).
Romannumerals
TheRomannumeralfortenisX(whichlooksliketwoV's[theRomannumeralfor5]puttogether)itisthoughtthattheVforfiveisderivedfromanopenhand
(fivedigitsdisplayed).Incidentally,theChinesewordnumeralforten,isalsoacross:.
Positionalnumeralsystemsotherthandecimal
Thedigit'1'followedby'0'ishowthevalueofpiswritteninbasep.(E.g.16inhexadecimalis10.)
Representationof10inotherbases
Base Numeralsystem
Number
1

unary

**********

binary

1010

ternary

101

quaternary

22

quinary

20

senary

14

septenary

13

octal

12

novenary

11

10

decimal

10

12

dozenal

16

hexadecimal

Properties:
TenisaHarshadnumberinbases2,3,5,6,9andallothersabove.
Inbases15,18and30,tenisa1automorphicnumber(displayedasthenumeral'A')..

Listofbasiccalculations
Multiplication

10

11

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Division

10

2.5

1.25

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Exponentiation

12

0.7

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

0.8

10

21

22

25

210 220 250

11

12

13

14

15

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

50

100

1000

500 1000 10000

1
0.9

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

10

1024 59049 1048576 9765625 60466176 282475249 1073741824 3486784401 10000000000

1000000000 10000000000

Inscience
Themeaning"10"ispartofthefollowingterms:
decapoda,anorderofcrustaceanswithtenfeet
decane,ahydrocarbonwith10carbonatoms
Also,thenumber10playsaroleinthefollowing:
Theatomicnumberofneon.
Thenumberofhydrogenatomsinbutane,ahydrocarbon.
Thenumberofspacetimedimensionsinsomesuperstringtheories.

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Astronomy
TheNewGeneralCatalogueobject(http://www.ngcicproject.org/)NGC10,amagnitude12.5spiralgalaxyintheconstellationSculptor.
TheSarosnumber(http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaroscat.html)ofthesolareclipseserieswhichbeganon2467February28andendedon
1169April18.ThedurationofSarosseries10was1298.1years,anditcontained73solareclipses.
TheSarosnumber(http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEsaros/LEsaroscat.html)ofthelunareclipseserieswhichbeganon2454June17andendedon
1138August15.ThedurationofSarosseries10was1316.2years,anditcontained74lunareclipses.
MessierobjectM10,amagnitude6.4globularclusterintheconstellationOphiuchus.

Inreligionandphilosophy
ReferencesintheBible,JudaismandChristianity:
TheTenCommandmentsofExodus[1]andDeuteronomy[2]areconsideredacornerstoneofJudaismandChristianity.
Peopletraditionallytithedonetenthoftheirproduce.ThepracticeoftithingisstillcommoninChristianchurches
today,thoughitisdisputedinsomecirclesastowhetherornotitisrequiredofChristians.
InDeuteronomy26:12,theTorahcommandsJewstogiveonetenthoftheirproducetothepoor(MaaserAni).From
thisverseandfromanearlierverse(Deut.14:22)therederivesapracticeforJewstogiveonetenthofallearningsto
thepoor.[3]
TenPlagueswereinflictedonEgyptinExodus712(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?

Thetetractys

book=%20Exodus&verse=712&src=HE)
JewsobservetheannualTenDaysofRepentancebeginningonRoshHashanahandendingonYomKippur.
InJewishliturgy,TenMartyrsaresingledoutasagroup.
TherearesaidtobeTenLostTribesofIsrael(thoseotherthanJudahandBenjamin)
ThereareTenSephirotintheKabbalisticTreeofLife
InJudaism,tenmenaretherequiredquorum,calledaminyan,forprayerservices.
InterpretationsofGenesisinTalmudicandMidrashicteachingssuggestthatonthefirstday,Goddrewforthtenprimalelementsfromtheabyssinorder
toconstructallofCreation:Heaven(orFire),Earth,Chaos,Void,Light,Darkness,Wind,Water,Day,andNight.SeealsoBereshit(parsha)
InPythagoreanism,thenumber10playedanimportantroleandwassymbolizedbythetetractys.
InHinduism,LordMahaVishnuappearedontheearthin10incarnations.

Inmoney
Mostcountriesissuecoinsandbillswithadenominationof10(Seee.g.10dollarnote).Ofthese,thedime,withthevalueoftencents,oronetenthofadollar,
derivesitsnamefromthemeaning"onetenth"seeDime(UnitedStatescoin)#Denominationhistoryandetymology.

Inmusic
Theintervalofamajortenthisanoctaveplusamajorthird.
Theintervalofaminortenthisanoctaveplusaminorthird.
Thetitleofquiteafewalbums.SeeTen(album).
"Tenlordsaleaping"isthegiftonthetenthdayofChristmasinthecarol"TheTwelveDaysofChristmas"

Insportsandgames
Themeaning"10"ispartofthefollowingterms:
decathlon,acombinedeventinathleticsconsistingoftentrackandfieldevents.
Also,thenumber10playsaroleinthefollowing:
InAmericanfootball,theendzonesare10yardsdeep.
Inassociationfootball,thenumber10istraditionallywornbytheteam'splaymaker.Thisusehasledto"Number10"becomingasynonymforthatparticular
player,evenifheorshedoesnotwearthatnumber.
InAustralianrulesfootball,consideredthebreakevenamountofgameswoninaregular22gameseason.
Inbaseball,10istheminimumnumberofplayersonthefieldatanygiventimeduringplay(includingthebatter).
Inbasketball:
Thetopoftherim(goal)is10feetfromthefloor.
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Instandardfullcourtbasketball,thereare10playersonthecourt(5oneachteam).
Inblackjack,theTen,Jack,QueenandKingareallworth10points.
Inboxing,iftherefereescountsto10whethertheboxerisunconsciousornot,itwilldeclareawinnerbyknockout.
Incricket,10isthenumberofwicketsrequiredtobetakenbythebowlingsideforthebattingsidetobebowledout.
Ingridironfootball,10isthenumberofyardstheoffensemustadvancetomaintainpossessioninasinglesetofdownsfourinAmericanandthreein
Canadian.
Inmostrugbyleaguecompetitions,thenumber10iswornbyoneofthetwostartingprops.(OneexceptiontothisruleistheEuropeanSuperLeague,which
usesstaticsquadnumbering.)
Inrugbyunion,thestartingflyhalfwearsthe10shirt.
Intenpinbowling,10pinsarearrangedinatriangularpatternandthereare10framespergame.
ThehighestscorepossibleinOlympicsgymnasticscompetitions.
Drivingaracingcarattententhsisdrivingasfastaspossible,onthelimit.
DanicaPatrick'scarnumberintheNASCARSprintCupSeries.
Thejerseynumber10hasbeenretiredbyseveralNorthAmericansportsteamsinhonorofpastplayinggreatsorotherkeyfigures,includingMajorLeagueBaseball,
theNBA,theNFL,andtheNHL.

Intechnology
Tencodesarecommonlyusedonemergencyserviceradiosystems.
Tenreferstothe"meterband"ontheradiospectrumbetween28and29.7MHz,usedbyamateurradio.
ASCIIandUnicodecodepointforlinefeed
InMIDI,Channel10isreservedforunpitchedpercussioninstruments.
IntheRichTextFormatspecification,alllanguagecodesforregionalvariantsoftheSpanishlanguagearecongruentto10mod256.
InOSX,theF10functionkeytilesallthewindowsofthecurrentapplicationandgraysthewindowsofotherapplications.
TheIPaddressesintherange10.0.0.0/8(meaningtheintervalbetween10.0.0.0and10.255.255.255)isreservedforusebyPrivatenetworksbyRFC1918.

Inotherfields
BlakeEdwards'1979movie10(film).
SeriesonHBOentitled1st&TenwhichairedbetweenDecember1984andJanuary1991.
SeriesonESPNandESPN2entitled1stand10whichlaunchedonESPNinOctober2003to2008andmovedto
ESPN2from2008topresent.
Inastrology,Capricornisthe10thastrologicalsignoftheZodiac.
InChineseastrology,the10HeavenlyStems,refertoacyclicnumbersystemthatisusedalsofortimereckoning.
AnonlineshowhostedbyMicrosoft.[4]
A1977shortdocumentaryfilmPowersofTendepictstherelativescaleoftheUniverseinfactorsoften(ordersof

10playingcardsofallfoursuits

magnitude).
CBShasagameshowcalledPowerof10,wheretheplayer'sprizegoesupanddownbyeitherthepreviousornextpoweroften.
"TenChances"isonethepricinggamesonThePriceisRight.
TherearetenofficialinkblotsintheRorschachinkblottest.
ThetraditionalSnellenchartuses10differentletters.
TenisanAustraliantelevisionnetwork.TheSydneymemberofthenetworkhasthethreelettercallsignTENandusedtobroadcastinanalogueonVHF
Channel10.
NumberTen(alsocalledElla)isacharacterinthebookseriesLorienLegacies
Tenis:
NumberofkingdomsinFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod
Housenumberof10DowningStreet.
ThenumberofProvincesinCanada.
ThedesignationofUnitedStatesInterstate10,afreewaythatrunsfromCaliforniatoFlorida.
Numberofdotsinatetractys.
ThenumberoftheFrenchdepartmentAube.
ThenumberofregionsinGhana.
ThestatenumberofVirginia.

Seealso
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_(number)#In_numeral_systems

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LookupteninWiktionary,
thefreedictionary.
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedto10
(number).

References
1. Exodus20:213(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book=%20Exodus&verse=20%3A213&src=HE)
2. Deuteronomy5:617(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book=%20Deuteronomy&verse=5%3A617&src=HE)
3. [1](http://www.tzemachdovid.org/thepracticaltorah/vayeitzei.shtml)
4. [2](http://www.on10.net)

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