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Allowable
(C )
120
155
180
Allowable
Max. Temp.
Rise
Max.
Ambient
Temp.
Ref. (1)
COILS
Coils used in ASCO valves are designed
and tested for continuous service. They all
meet the thermal endurance specifications
according to IEC 216.
(C * )
80
80
95
100
100
105
130
80
105
120
120
120
130
155
( C ** )
40
75
60
55 2)
55 2)
50
25
100
75
60
60 2)
60 2)
50
25
T
T
B
B
F
T
B
T
B
F
P
1)
Fig. 1
Additional reference identification letter for coil
types : XM5, M6, MXX, M12 (Ex. : FT, FB, FF, HT)
2)
**
00022GB-2010/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
CALCULATIONS
Fs = p . A (N)
b) Power considerations
c) Ambient and/or fluid temperature
d) Higher temperature rise, as result of
increased wattage (required for valve
pressure ratings).
ASCO offers coils, distinguished by dimension and electrical power:
CM5, CM6, CMXX, CM12, CM22, CM25,
CM30, CM40, JMX, ANX, AMX, BMX and
C22A.
For more details on coils and identification,
see Section J / V1100, pages 2 to 5.
Example
An average solenoid will have a pull force of
approx. 15N. To use this solenoid on a pressure differential of 1MPa (10 bar), we can
calculate the maximum orifice diameter.
Fs = p . A
15 = 106 . A
A = 1,5 . 10-5 m2
A = 1/4..d2
d = 4,4 mm
For low pressure applications such as
gas burners, automatic dispensing or low
vacuum systems up to 0,1 MPa the orifice
diameter equals to 19,5 mm.
The internal pilot-operated constructions
(floating diaphragm or floating piston) use
a small orifice (the pilot) to control the
pressure to the diaphragm or piston. Large
main orifices can be opened or closed at
reasonable pressure up to 15 MPa.
Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS
BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1
0,8
+ B (T)
0,6
0,4
0,2
+H (A/m)
-H (A/m)
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
500
1000
1500
2000
-0,2
H=
IN
(A/m) [I N = H d
-0,4
We discover, however, that the conductance of magnetic field-lines differs for all
kind of material.
This conductance is called:
permeability "".
-0,6
- B (T)
-0,8
-1
= o . r [ = B/H]
ASCO's core and plugnut material is special
chemical high compatible ferromagnetical
stainless steel.
If tables are used, the following equation
should be applicable:
We distinguish:
- diamagnetical:
r < 1 (bismuth, antimony)
- paramagnetical:
r = 1 (aluminium, copper)
- ferromagnetical:
r >1 (iron, nickel, cobalt)
B = o . r . H (T)
A.C.
R
AC and DC Solenoids
As it is important to know the electrical
field we have to know therefore the current
through the coil.
For DC constructions we can easily calculate the current with the equation:
U
I=
(A)
R
However, for AC constructions we have not
only to deal with pure ohmical resistance,
but also with AC-resistance, the so-called
reactance 'XL'.
To find the impedance 'Z' we have to
combine the 'XL' and 'R' values in a vector diagramme. Now we can calculate the
current by:
U
I=
(A)
Z
The 'XL' value depends on the air gap
between core and plugnut and is smaller
when the gap is big.
Therefore we can find a difference between
the current through the coil when the
core is in its lower position (inrush) and a
current with the core in its upper position
(holding).
L
I
2
L=
V030-2
(H)
L = C . r
XL = 2..f . L
I=
U
=
Z
(X
2
L
+ R
)
D.C.
L
I
For "DC"
I i= I h
I=
o r N A
U
(A )
R
I i = inrush
I h = holding
00022GB-2010/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
r air = 1
Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS
Pull force of a magnet
With the knowledge of the electrical field
and induction we can determine the solenoid driver force by means of the following
equation:
graph A
25
20
2
B A (I N r )
A
=
2
2 0
2 0
L
F=
15
10
B
5
0
STROKE (mm)
A = CM6-FT, CM25-5
B = CM6-FB, CM30-8
graph B
(N)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(A/m)
(A)
(1)
(T)
(H/m)
(1)
(m2)
30
25
20
15
10
B
XL
XL
RH=2.RC
IC =
U
ZC
IH =
U
11
, ZC
RR
COLD
C
graph C
D.C. (direct current)
R
40
30
PULL FORCE (N)
00022GB-2005/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
A = CMXX-FT, CM40-10
B = CMXX-FB, CM40-14
20
L
10
0
A
3
STROKE (mm)
A = CM12-FT
B = CM12-FB
12
15
HZ
OH
T
12
STROKE (mm)
ZC
ZOLD
I
18
IC =
U
RC
IH =
U
= 1/ 2 IC
2 RC
R
RHHOT
With :
U = voltage
IC = current cold
IH = current hot
RC = resistance cold
RH = resistance hot
ZC = impedance cold
ZH = impedance hot
If a coil is heated up in a certain time the
coil resistance increases drasticly.
We can see that to double the coil resistance, when valves are hot, halves the
current for DC but only has a minor effect
of 10% on AC coils.
Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS
IxN
180
270
90
360
XLL
I=
U
(A )
Z
IxN
RESULTING FORCE
F
IA =
U
ZA
with:
IA = inrush current
ZA = inrush impedance
ZhoZ
XL L
ldM
ing
IM =
U
ZM
AC service
a) High inrush and low holding current
b) High pull force
c) Sensitive to dirt
d) The coils have less windings (copper)
than DC coils
e) Power consumption and pull force not
sensitive to temperatures.
with:
IM = holding current
ZM = holding impedance
All leaflets are available on: www.asconumatics.eu
V030-4
DC Service
a) Inrush current equals to holding
current
b) Power consumption and pull force
depend on temperature
c) Solenoid operates quietly
d) Not sensitive to dirt
e) The coils have more windings (copper)
than AC coils
Power Consumption for AC:
P
(W)
= U I Cos
(A)
IA =
IM =
PA ( VA )
U (V)
PM ( VA )
U (V)
with :
PA = inrush VA value
PM = holding VA value
Power Consumption for DC :
P
(W)
(A)
= UI
P (W)
U (V)
00022GB-2005/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
ZZin
XLXL
Aru
sh
Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS
SHADING COIL
(I x N)
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
180
180
90
90
I.N
coil
Coil
(I x N)
With :
I = electrical current (A)
N = number of turns
shading coil
00022GB-2008/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
00220GB-2005/R01
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
V030-6