CHAPTER 8: STATISTICS I AND II

8.1 Pie chart - used for illustration and comparison of different categories of data.
For a quantity P, the angle of the sector representing P is

Frequency of P
360
Total frequency
= Frequency of P 360

Angle of sector =

Example 8.11
The table below shows the sale of items at the
school co-operative book store.

Example
1. The table below shows the number of students
living in 4 villages.
Village
A
B
C
D
No. of students
84
112
56
28

Item

Exe.
Art
Graph Pen Eraser
Book Block Book
Units 200
130
90
160
140
Calculate the angles of sectors representing each of
the items. Construct a pie chart to show the
distribution of the items.

Construct a pie chart to show the distribution of

students living in the four villages.
Answer:
Total number of students = 84+112+56+28
= 280

Total number of units = 200+130+90+160+140

=

84
360
280
= 108

Angle of the sector for village A =

Angle of the sector for village B =

Angle of the sector for exercise books =

=

112
360
280

Angle of the sector for art blocks

= 114
Angle of the sector for village C =

Angle of the sector for graph books

56
360
280

Angle of the sector for pens

28
360
Angle of the sector for village D =
280

Statistics I and II

=
=

= 36
B
C

=
=

= 72

Pie Chart

Angle of the sector for erasers

Pie Chart
A

Example
2.

Exercise 8.1.2
2.

Fried Rice

Curry
Noodle

60o

40o

Noodle
Soup

Watch
TV

140o

Play football

120o

60o

Swimming

130o

Fried Noodle

Surf the Internet

The pie chart shows the types of food sold by a

hawker in a day. The total sale was RM570.

The pie chart shows the hobbies of a group of 180

students.

i) What percentage is the sale for fried noodle?

i) Find the percentage of students who like to surf

the internet.

140
100% = 38.89 %
360

=
=

ii) What is the angle representing the sale of curry

noodle?

ii) Find the number of students who like

swimming ?

Angle of sector for curry noodle

= 360 140 40 60
= 120

Angle of sector for swimming

= 360 130 120 60

Thus, the sale for curry noodle is

=

120
570
360

Number of students who like

swimming

= RM190

Statistics I and II

8.2.

MODE
Exercise 8.2

The mode is the most common value or the item

with the highest frequency

a.

Examples
Find the mode for the following set of data.

20 kg, 50 kg, 30 kg, 70 kg, 50 kg,

40 kg, 30 kg, 60 kg, 50 kg, 60 kg,
50 kg, 60 kg
Mode = _____ kg

a.

2, 1, 3, 2, 5, 3, 2, 5, 6, 3, 3, 4
b.

Which data has the

highest frequency !!!

15 cm, 18 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 15 cm,

17 cm, 12 cm, 16 cm, 15 cm, 13 cm,
14 cm, 15 cm
Mode = ______ cm

c.

4, 5, 4, 2, 1, 4, 6, 7, 5, 6

Mode = 3
Mode =
b.

7, 4, 3, 4, 8, 7, 5, 4, 3
Mode = 4

d.
Number of
matches played
Frequency

c.
Number
Of goals
Frequency

0 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 5 3 3

3 6 7 5 2
Mode = _______matches

The
highest
frequency

e.
Height
120 121 122 123 124
( cm )
Frequency 5
6
8
12
9

Mode = 2
d.
Grade
Frequency

Mode =

A B C D E
6 8 7 6 2

f.
Number
Of goals
Frequency

Mode = Grade B

Mode =

Statistics I and II

cm

0 1 2 3 4
2 5 4 4 3
goals

8.3

MEDIAN

The median is the value which is located in the

middle of the set of values that has been arranged in
increasing or decreasing order.

Exercise 8.3
a.

Examples

Median =

Determine the median from the following sets of

data.
a.

3, 2, 3, 4, 7, 2, 1

b.

2, 6, 9, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

9, 2, 5, 1, 8, 9, 0
Median =

Re-arrange the numbers in

sequence

c.

2kg, 4kg, 1kg, 5kg, 4kg, 3kg

Median =

2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 9
d.

20cm, 10cm, 30cm, 10cm, 40cm

Median = 5
Median =
b.

9, 7, 3, 4, 8, 6, 7

e.
Number
Of goals
Frequency

= 3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9
Median = 7

0 1 2 3 4
2 5 4 4 2

Total frequency = 2 + 5 + 4 + 4 + 2 =
c..

10kg, 12kg, 18kg, 10kg, 16kg

Median = Number of goals of the ___ th

Frequency

= 10, 10, 12, 16, 18

Median = 12kg

goals

f.
d.

RM5, RM7, RM9, RM6, RM8, RM6,

RM10, RM9

Grade
Numbers of
students

= 5,

Total frequency = 6 + 12 + 9 + 8 + 2 =

6,

6,

7,

8,

9,

9,

10

Median = Grade of the ____th students

RM7 + RM8
Median =
2

= RM7.50

Statistics I and II

A B C D E
6 12 9 8 2

8.4

MEAN

Mean is the sum of all the values divided by the

number of data

Exercise 8.4
a.

20, 30, 25, 27, 31, 35

sum of all the values

Mean =
total number of values

Mean =
=

When a set of data is given in a frequency table,

Mean =

sum of (class mark corresponding frequency)

total frequency

b.

7 cm, 8cm, 6cm, 9cm, 5cm, 7cm

Mean =

Examples
a.

5, 2, 6, 3, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3

5 2 63 4 65 23
Mean =
9
36
=
9

c.
Mass (g)
Frequency

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

5
3
4
3

= 4
b.

Mean =

3.5m, 2.8m, 4.3m, 3.8m, 3.6m

3.5 2.8 4.3 3.8 3.6

Mean =
5

=
=

18
m
5

Subjective Questions I :

= 3.6 m
c.
Price (RM)
Frequency

Mean =

A) A Mathematics quiz is carried out in a class.

Below are the marks obtained by the students
from that class.

15 20 25 30 35
3 4 2 4 3

(15 3) (20 4) (25 2)

(30 4) (35 3)
3 4 2 4 3

45 80 50 120 105
=
16
400
=
16

= RM 25

Statistics I and II

1.

From the data above, complete the frequency

table below.
Marks

Objective Questions I:
1.

How many students are there in that class?

A.
12
C.
20
B.
18
D.
24

2.

State the number of students who scored

3 marks only.
A.
2
C.
5
B.
4
D.
6

3.

How many students scored the highest

marks?
A.
4
C.
6
B.
5
D.
7

4.

How many students scored less than 3

marks?
A.
2
C.
8
B.
4
D.
12

5.

How many students scored 4 marks and

above?
A.
5
C.
10
B.
7
D.
12

6.

State the mode of the data.

A.
2
C.
B.
5
D.

Frequency

1
2
3
4
5
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

How many students scored 4 marks?

Draw a pie chart based on the data above.

Calculate the mean mark.

7.

State the percentage of students scored 2

marks.
A.
3.3
C.
15
B.
8.3
D.
25

8.

How many percent of the students

scored more than 3 marks?
A.
2
C.
50
B.
5
D.
67

9.

If the passing mark is 3, how many

students failed?
A.
2
C.
8
B.
6
D.
12

10.

State the percentage of failure.

A.
10
C.
B.
25
D.

Construct a bar chart based on the data above.

State the median of the marks.

Statistics I and II

6
7

33
50

B) The daily allowance (in RM) of 10 students are

shown below.

3.

How many students brought more than RM 1

to school?
A.
2
C.
5
B.
4
D.
6

4.

Calculate the total allowance brought by all

students.
A.
6
C.
13
B.
10
D.
17

5.

State the percentage of students who brought

RM2.
A.
30%
C.
50%
B.
40%
D.
60%

6.

State the percentage of students who brought

less than RM 2.
A.
40%
C.
60%
B.
50%
D.
90%

7.

State the fraction of students who brought

RM 1.
1
A.
C.
5
2
B.
D.
5

1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2,
Subjective Questions II:
1.

State the lowest value in the data.

2.

State the mode of the data.

3.

Construct a bar chart based on the data.

4.

Calculate the average allowance brought by

the students.

8.

5.

9.

1.

How many students brought RM 1 to school?

A.
1
C.
3
B.
2
D.
4

2.

What is the highest value of the data?

A.
2
C.
B.
3
D.

Statistics I and II

10.

C.
D.

2.3
4.0

1.50
1.70

C.
D.

1.86
1.92

If the data above is represented in a pie chart,

calculate the angle for the RM1 sector.
A.
B.

4
5

1.5
1.7

If there is an additional 2 students who

brought RM3 each, calculate the new mean,
in RM.
A.
B.

Objective Questions II :

4
5

What is the difference, in RM, between the

mode and the mean of the data above.
A.
B.

Find the median data.

3
5

120
144

C.
D.

180
210

Statistics I and II

8.5 Questions Based on the Examination Format

4. The frequency table shows the number of books

in the bags of a group of students.
Number of books
2 3 4 5 6
Frequency
4 6 5 a 8

1. The bar chart shows the number of books sold in

a book store in 6 months.
No. of
books

Given that the mode is 6 books, find the greatest

possible value of a.
A. 5
C. 6
B. 7
D. 8

240
200
160

5. The pictogram shows the number of students

who obtained grade A in three history tests.

120
80
40

January
Jan

Feb

Mac

Apr

Mac

May June

May

Calculate the percentage of books sold in April.

A. 20
C. 24
B. 22
D. 26

represents 6 students
The average number of students who scored A in a
month is
A. 10
C. 18
B. 16
D. 26

2. The table shows the marks obtained by 50

students in a Geography test.
Marks
No. of Students
0 39
5
40 49
8
50 59
9
60 79
21
80 100
7

6. The pictogram shows the number of pencils

owned by Ali, Lim and Bala.
Ali
Lim

Calculate the percentage of students who obtained

more than 49 marks.
A. 40
C. 60
B. 56
D. 74

Bala
represents x pencils
Find the value of x if the total number of pencils is
36.
A. 3
C. 5
B. 4
D. 6

Sale of chocolate cakes

3. .

100
80
60
40
20
0

For questions 7 and 8, please refer to the following

frequency table.
M T W T F S S

Mass (kg)
50
52
54
56
58
60

Days

The line graph shows the sale of chocolate cakes in

a week. Given that a piece of chocolate cake costs
RM0.60, calculate the sale of chocolate cakes on
Saturday and Sunday.
A. RM60
C. RM96
B. RM100
D. RM160

Statistics I and II

Frequency
2
2
6
2
3
5

7. The median, in kg, is

A. 54
C. 56
B. 55
D. 58

10. The total number of boys and girls in the 3

schools is
A. 1800
C. 1200
B. 2000
D. 3000

8. The mean, in kg, is

A. 55.8
C. 56.2
B. 55.7
D. 57.5

11. The total difference in the number of boys and

girls in the 3 schools is
A. 300
C. 500
B. 400
D. 600

9. The bar chart shows the number of coconuts sold

by Ahmad in five days.

12. The table shows the scores and their respective

frequencies in a match.

250
200

Scores
Frequency

150

What is the mode score?

A. 2
C. 4
B. 3
D. 5

100

13. The pie chart shows the number of coloured

balls in a store.

50
0

1 2 3 4 5
3 5 8 4 6

Mon

Tues

Wed

Thur

Green

Fri

Calculate the mean for the number of coconuts sold

per day.

Purple
12

A. 150
B. 200

C. 240
D. 300
10

For questions 10 and 11, please refer to the bar chart

below.

Calculate the angle ofBlack

the sector which represents
black balls.
A. 110
C. 125
B. 100
D. 150

1200
1000
800

14. Given that the mean for 3, 4, p, 7, 5, 6, 4 and 3

is 5. Find the value of p.
A. 5
C. 7
B. 6
D. 8

600
400

15. The table shows the scores obtained by a group

of students in a match.

200
0

White

Scores
Number of students
A

Schools

Find the median score.

A. 5
C. 6
B. 5.5
D. 7

Represents boys
Represents girls

Statistics I and II

2 4 6 8
3 2 3 4

10

8.6 Past Year SPM Questions

July 2004
Paper 1
3. The pictograph which shows the number of
visitors at an Expo on three particular days.

November 2003
1. The pictograph shows the sale of magazines in a
particular week. The number of sports magazines
sold is not shown.
Fashion
Entertainment
Sports

Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday

Thursday
Friday
Represents 150 visitors

represents 12 copies of magazines

Entertainment magazines make up 25% of the total
the sales that week. Calculate the number of sports
magazines sold.
A
B

26
39

C
D

84
94

A total of 5400 visitors were at the Expo over the

five days. The number of visitors on Friday was
twice the number of visitors on Wednesday.
How many visitors were there on Tuesday?
A. 1050
C. 1500
B. 1450
D. 2175
4. The table shows the heights of samples of
seedlings.
Heights (in cm)
No. of seedlings

2. The pie chart shows the amount spent on five

types of groceries in a shop on a particular day.

9 11
5

12 14
6

15 17
10

18- 20
4

Calculate the mean height, in cm, of the seedlings.

A. 13.06
C. 14.56
B. 13.56
D. 15.56

40
120

5.
Fishing
Reading
144o

32

72o
Drawing

Swimming

Given that the total spent on these groceries is

RM400. The amount spent on margarine is RM 80.
Find the ratio of the amount spent on margarine to
the amount spent on sugar.
A
B

1:5
3:4

Statistics I and II

C
D

3: 10
4: 15

11

The pie chart shows the hobbies of a group of

teenagers. The number of teenagers whose hobby is
drawing is 50% of the number whose hobby is
swimming. Calculate the ratio of the number of
teenagers whose hobby is swimming to the number
whose hobby is fishing.
A. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 1
B. 2 : 3
D. 4 : 3

November 2004

July 2005

6. The bar chart shows the scores of a group of

pupils in a test.

8. The table shows the marks obtained by a group of

40 pupils in a test.
Marks
No. of pupils

Number of pupils

50 59
2

60 69
8

70 79
19

80- 89
11

If the pass mark is 60, calculate the percentage of

these pupils who passed.
A. 20
C. 80
B. 75
D. 95
9. The pictograph shows the number of books sold
in three particular days.
1

Score

Thursday

State the modal score.

A
B

6
5

Friday
C
D

Saturday

3
2

Represents x books
The mean number of books sold per day is 60
books. Calculate the number of books sold on
Saturday.
A. 20
C. 105
B. 28
D. 140

7. The pie chart shows the combined results of a test

taken by two groups of students. The table
shows the results of the groups, but it is
incomplete.

10. The table is a cumulative frequency table which

shows the height of 50 young plants.

FAIL
280

Height (cm)
Cumulative
Frequency

Group
Aman
Bestari
TOTAL

No. of passes
160

No. of failures
70

300
310

420

Statistics I and II

C
D

13
15
16

16
18
34

19
21
44

22 24
50

Which of the following is the correct calculation for

the mean height of the 50 young plants?

10( 4) 13(12) 16(18) 19(10) 22(6)

50
10(4) 13(16) 16(34) 19( 44) 22(50)
B.
50
11( 4) 14(12) 17(18) 20(10) 23(6)
C.
50
12(4) 15(16) 18(34) 21( 44) 24(50)
D.
50
A.

Calculate the number of students in the Bestari

Group.
A
B

10
12
4

340
380

12

November 2005
11. Diagram below is a pictograph which shows the
number of fruit trees in an orchard.

14. Diagram is a bar chart showing the number of

candidates who obtained scores 1 to 5 in an
achievement test.

Durian
Number of
Candidates

Rambutan
Mangosteen

25
20

represents 25 trees

15
10
5

The ratio of rambutan trees to mangosteen trees is

3 : 2 . Find the number of durian trees and
mangosteen trees altogether.
A. 225
B. 275

Frequency
7
4
2
2
5

Score
Frequency

A 1
B 1.5

4
9

5
8

January
February
March
April

6
6

If 2 is the modal score, the minimum value of k is

A. 11
C. 9
B. 10
D. 6

Statistics I and II

0
2

1
6

2
1

3
1

4
5

5
1

C 2
D 2.5

16. The diagram below is a pictograph showing the

number of eggs sold in January and February. The
number of eggs sold in March and April are not
shown

13. The frequency distribution shows the scores

obtained by a group of pupils in a game.
3
9

C. 3.5
D. 4.0

The median score of the distribution is

July 2006

2
k

5 Score

15. The table below shows the distribution of the

scores of a group of pupils in a quiz.

C. 18.1
D. 20.0

1
6

November 2006

Calculate the mean mass, in kg, of fish caught by a

fisherman.

Score
Frequency

A. 3.0
B. 3.1

12. The frequency table shows the mass of fish

caught by 20 fishermen.

A. 16.1
B. 17.1

Calculate the mean score.

C. 300
D. 400

Mass of fish caught (kg)

11 13
14 16
17 19
20 22
23 - 25

000000
000000000
0 represents 200 eggs

13

A total of 5000 eggs were sold in those four months.

The number of eggs sold in March was three times
the number of eggs sold in April.
The number of eggs sold in March was
A 1500
B 2000

C 2250
D 3000

17. The diagram shows a set of six pieces of data

where x represents an integer.

3, 3, 6, x, x, 3
The mode for the data is 3 and the median is 4. Two
new pieces of data, 4 and 7, were put into the set.
Calculate the mean for those eight pieces of data.
A 4.00
B 4.13

Statistics I and II

C 4.25
D 4.50

14