A Pocket

Guide For
Inspectors

Firestopping
Inspection
Manual

ough
For Thr
Through
P
enetr
ations.
enetrations.
Penetr
Fir
e Resistiv
e Joints,
Fire
Resistive
Perimeter
Fir
e Barrier
Fire
Sy
stems and Fir
e
Systems
Fire
Rated Duct
Enclosur
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stems.
EnclosuresSy
esSystems.
Third Edition

www.firestop.org

Contents
Scope .......... 3
Fire Test Standards ...... 4
Testing Laboratories ........ 5
Building Code Requirements ... 6
Products Overview .... 7
Inspection Process ..... 8
Firestopping and the Codes 14
Inspection Guidelines for Through
Penetration Firestop Systems ........ 15
Inspection Guidelines for Fire
Resistive Joints Systems ......... 17
Inspection Guidelines for Perimeter
Fire Barrier Systems (Curtain Walls) .... 20
Inspection Guidelines for
Fire Rated Duct Enclosures ... 25
Engineering Judgments ...... 28
Glossary ........... 29
UL System Approach .. 32
Seismic Considerations ... 35
Systems Listing Table . 36

The following pocket manual is designed as a reference tool for

governmental inspectors, third-party inspectors and other
personnel with a need for a simplified, yet thorough approach
to the firestopping inspection process. This pocket manual is
intended as a tool and not as an all-encompassing source book.
This booklet is separated into two parts. The first section is intended
to provide guidelines for a successful inspection process.The second
section of the booklet will go more in depth on the guidelines for
specific firestopping systems in categories of Through
Penetrations, Fire Resistive Joints, Perimeter Fire Barrier
Systems (Curtain Walls) and Flexible Rated Duct Enclosures.
Key words are listed in the glossary for clarification purposes.

Scope

Scope

The term Firestopping, in this manual, will refer to: (1) the
sealing of holes and gaps within a rated assembly, commonly
referred to as Through-Penetration Firestops, (2) the sealing
of linear gaps between rated assemblies, referred to as FireResistive Joint Systems and (3) the sealing of the linear gap
between or along rated floors and rated or non-rated curtain
walls, referred to as Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems. The term
Fire Rated Duct Enclosure will refer to protective systems used
to enclose duct systems penetrating a rated assembly.
The Firestopping Systems are tested to specific test standards.
Through-Penetration Firestops are tested to ASTM E814 or UL
1479, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems to ASTM E1966 or UL 2079
and Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems to ASTM E2307.
Firestopping Systems must be tested to the above criteria by
certified independent third party testing agencies. The Testing
Agencies usually publish the results in proprietary directories,
which are readily available. Some of the more common and well
known testing and approval agencies are Underwriters
Laboratories, Intertek Testing Services, Factory Mutual and
Southwest Research Institute.
Fire Resistive Duct Enclosure Systems, are tested alternatives
to fire resistive shaft enclosures which function to contain fires
that occur inside the duct, prevent fire spread into the ductwork
from an external fire and allow for zero, or reduced clearance to
combustible construction. A tested through penetration firestop
system is required when the duct enclosure system penetrates
3
a rated floor or wall assembly.

INSPECTION
GUIDELINES

For Firestopping Systems

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

For
Firestopping
Systems
Applicable Standards
The Test Standards relevant to Firestop Systems are:
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

7.
8.
9.

ASTM E 814 (ANSI/UL 1479) Standard Test Method

for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops
ASTM E 1966 (ANSI/UL 2079) Standards Test
Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
ASTM E 1399 Cyclic Movement and Measuring the
Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural
Joint Systems
ASTM E 2174 Standard Practice for On-Site
Inspection of Installed Fire Stops
ASTM E 2307 Standard Test Method for Determining
the Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems
Using the Intermediate Scale, Multi-Story Test
Apparatus
ASTM E 2393 Standard Practice for On-Site
Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint System
and Perimeter Fire Barriers
ASTM E 2336 Standard Test Methods for Fire
Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems
ISO 6944 Fire Resistance Tests Ventilation Ducts
ICC ES AC179 Acceptance Criteria for Metallic
HVAC Duct Enclosure Assemblies

The fire testing of penetration firestop and perimeter barrier

systems require a demonstration that the system is able to stop
the passage of flame (F Rating) and withstand a hose stream
test. Fire tests also include provisions for measuring the T Rating
and the L Rating. The fire testing of fire resistive joint systems
require a demonstration of the ability to stop the passage of

both flame and thermal transmission (assembly rating). Fire

tests of firestop systems are conducted using positive furnace
pressures.
For dynamic joint systems, a specific number of expansion
and contraction cycles precede the fire test in order to measure
the movement capabilities of the joint systems. The movement
capability of a joint is expressed as a % of the installed (nominal)
width of the joint system.
The fire resistance rating of the firestop system must equal
the fire resistance rating of the penetrated fire separating
assembly or floor assembly in which the firestop system is
installed. With a few exceptions, the methods and materials used
in the penetrations, joints and duct enclosures are tested as a
system to demonstrate the methods and materials function as
fire containment for the required fire resistance rating. A
modification to a tested system voids the rating of the system.

Testing Laboratories
There are several independent testing laboratories, also
referred to as third party testing agencies, which conduct the
fire testing of firestop and duct enclosure systems. The fire test
results are usually included as design listings in the fire
resistance directories published by the testing laboratory. These
Directories are an important source of information during the
plan review process and inspection process. The details, system
numbers, manufacturer installation recommendations, and other
design listing information are often referred to on the plan
submittals. A thorough knowledge of the design listing
information is critical to the inspections of firestops and duct
enclosures.
The following are some of the recognized independent
laboratories conducting tests of firestop systems:
1. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL
(847) 272-8800 www.ul.com
2. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
(210) 522-2311 www.swri.com

3.
4.

Factory Mutual, Norwood, MA

(781) 762-4300 www.fmglobal.com
Intertek Testing Services, Antioch, CA
(925) 756-6606 www.intertek.com

Check Points:

Do your building and fire department plans examiners and

inspectors routinely use Testing Laboratories Directories?
These directories can be ordered directly from the testing
laboratories.
Are you unsure of the compliance of a specific firestop
assembly with the listed design? Check out the latest
design listings on the Laboratories websites, e.g.
www.ul.com/database, www.swi.com, www.fm.com,
www.intertek.com

Building Code Requirements

The Building Codes have very clear requirements on passive
fire protection. Fire investigative reports have consistently shown
that unprotected or improperly protected penetrations and joints
cause millions of dollars in property damage and contributed to
the loss of life and injuries due to the uncontrolled migration of
fire, smoke and toxic gases. In order to promote life safety and
property protection, the national building codes include fire
testing and performance requirements for penetration firestop
and fire resistive joint systems and rated duct enclosures. These
provisions are included in Chapter 7 Fire Resistance Rated
Construction of the current model codes, which are:
ICCs International Building Code (IBC)
NFPA 5000

Whenever required by Code, the fire resistance ratings of floors,

walls, floor/ceiling, roof/ceiling assemblies or rated duct
enclosures must be restored when an opening is made to
accommodate penetrations for mechanical, electrical, plumbing,
communication systems and ventilation ducts. Joints between
floors, walls, floors and walls, etc, must have the same fire
resistance ratings as the adjacent construction.

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, NFPA 70, National Electric Code,
and IAPMOs Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), also include
provisions related to protection of penetrations. The IBC and
NFPA 5000 have explicit requirements for inspection of firestop
systems before they are concealed. The IBC requires that
evidence be submitted to the local official showing that the
materials and methods of construction used to protect
penetrations, joints and ventilation ducts in fire resistance rated
building elements shall not reduce the required fire resistance
rating. The International Fire Code has requirements for periodic
inspection of firestop systems throughout the life of the building.

Check Point:
Have you checked your local code requirements? The IBC,
NFPA 5000 and the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, include different
requirements for firestop systems to meet certain performance
and testing criteria specific to various construction assemblies.
Check out the IFC website www.firestop.org for latest updates
on firestop systems regulations.

Products Overview
There are four categories of Firestop materials:

Fill, Void or Cavity Materials:

o
Intumescent Sealants/Caulks;
o
Silicone Sealants/Caulks;
o
Acrylic Sealants/Caulks;
o
Urethane Sealants/Caulks;
o
Ceramic Sealants/Caulks;
o
Moldable putties;
o
Pillows/Bags;
o
Sheets/Boards/Blocks;
o
Mortars;
o
Intumescent Wrap Strips;
o
Silicone Foams;
o
Coatings/Sprays.
Factory and Field Assembled Devices:
o
Sleeves/Collars;
o
Mechanical Joint Systems.

Forming/Backing Materials:
o
Mineral Wool Batts;
o
Ceramic Fiber Blankets/Boards;
o
Non-Ceramic Insulation Blankets;
o
Foam Packing/Backer Rod.
Duct and Pipe Covering Materials

Inspection Process
The following is a recommended inspection process based on
interviews across the country with building departments
inspectors who have successfully implemented such a program.
These jurisdictions require that the protection of penetrations,
joints and ventilation ducts not be concealed from view until
inspected and approved. Similar requirements are found in the
IBC (Section 109.3.6, 2006 Edition). Some building departments
collaborate with the fire department to conduct the firestop
systems inspections.
ASTM published ASTM E 2174 Standard Practice for On-Site
Inspection of Installed Fire Stops and ASTM E 2393 Standard
Practice for On-Site Inspection Fire Resistive Joint System and
Perimeter Fire Barriers. These standards shall be referenced
when third party inspections are conducted for penetration
firestop, fire resistive joint and perimeter barrier systems.

Part I Inspection Process: Plans

Examination/Review

The local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) must approve

Firestop system details and Firestop products and Rated Ducted
Enclosures. Hence, Firestop systems details and materials
should be included on the plans and specifications.
Manufacturers cut sheets are often accepted if they are
generated by an approved testing agency. If details, products
and specifications are not sufficient to provide clear directions
to the general contractor and firestop installer, the submittals
should be noted as incomplete and returned to the designer to
be resubmitted with the required information. When the plans

and specifications are clear and complete, most field problems

with firestop systems can be avoided.

Check Points:

Do the specifications include what test method the

materials or firestop systems shall be tested to?
Which sections of the architectural plans contain the
firestop systems details?
Are the specific firestop system and rated duct enclosures
details included on the plans?
Has the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) approved
the products used in these systems?
Are the firestop products appropriate for the field
conditions? Refer to the design listings and manufacturer
data sheets.
Are the specified fire resistive joints tested for the amount
of movement and type of movement required?
Is the firestop system or duct system listed? (e.g. by
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Factory Mutual (FM),
Intertek Testing Services (its).
Do the specific firestop systems comply with the standard
testing requirements for the in-place conditions?

Part II Inspection Process: Engineering

Judgments
It is not unusual to find, in construction projects, uncommon
designs or unique conditions that require special consideration.
The protection of these conditions will necessitate Engineering
Judgments (EJs) since they have not been tested and do not
comply with a published design listing. The International Firestop
Council has published Recommended IFC Guidelines for
Evaluating Firestop Systems Engineering Guidelines to assist
designers, plan reviewers and inspectors in addressing
nonconforming construction details. Tested systems should
always be specified unless EJs are the only option. Engineering
Judgments should be developed using sound engineering
practices to ensure that life safety is not compromised. The plan
submittals should always indicate which system details are

based on EJs and the pre-approved details must be made

available for the field inspector.
The IFC guidelines can be obtained from the IFC website:
www.firestop.org.

Part III Inspection Process: PreConstruction/Pre-Planning Meeting

The perfect opportunity to initiate discussion on the
coordination of work among the trades, the general contractor
and building inspector is during the pre-construction meeting.
This discussion is important since the application of firestop
protection systems is affected by the work of many trades
including mechanical, plumbing, electrical, walls and ceilings,
fire protection, etc.
An early discussion of who is going to be responsible for
restoration of the fire resistance ratings will eliminate aggravation
and expense later in the construction. If there is no clear
delegation of responsibility for the installation of firestop systems
for the penetrations, joints and ventilation ducts, it is vital that
the general contractor understand that it is his responsibility to
ensure the fire resistance ratings of the structure.
The pre-construction meeting should also be used to:
Agree on all the penetrations, joints and ducts to be
protected in accordance with the approved construction
plans;
Schedule the trades work in conjunction with the firestop
installation work;
Schedule the firestop inspections and coordinate with the
firestop contractor work;
Agree on whether the building or fire inspector will be
conducting the inspections.

Check Points:

10

Do the general contractor and subcontractors understand

that the protection of penetrations, joints and ducts will be
inspected?

Who is going to be responsible for the protection of all

penetrations, joints and ducts?
Who is going to conduct the inspections and when?
What are the qualifications/experience of the firestop
installer indicating expertise in that field?

Part IV Inspection Process: Conduct of

Inspection
The ability of penetration firestop systems, fire resistive joint
and ventilation systems to perform their intended function of
fire containment is directly related to the quality of their
installations. Thorough inspection is an integral component of
any passive fire protection quality control program.
It is usually feasible to visually inspect each penetration and
the entire length of every joint and ventilation duct. How many
inspections are enough? This is a judgment call by the inspector.
Example: It would be reasonable if there were 20 or 30
penetrations, to observe 2 or 3 representative installations. 2 or
3 representative installations out of hundreds, or thousands, of
penetrations would not provide reasonable verification,
particularly if different subcontractors were involved in their
installations.
Major elements of quality firestop inspections are:
Firestop systems must not be concealed from view before
being inspected and approved;
Walk through visual inspections should be made during
the firestop installation;
When necessary or required, destructive evaluation will
be made on various types of firestop systems;
Flashlights, coring device and other appropriate tools make
a proper inspection easier;
Proper depths, annular space, proper attachments and
spacing and product types are critical to the effectiveness
of the system;
Construction documents detailing the firestop locations and
systems must be kept on site to assist in the conduct of
the inspection;

11

Observe that empty containers, wrappings or boxes of the

specified materials are in sufficient quantity to have been
installed correctly;
Observe that the actual products, containers, wrappings
or boxes are labeled with the approved testing agency
marks and are as specified in the submitted details;
Measure the depth and width of materials as indicated in
the details (sometimes density measurements are also
required for products such as thermal insulation);
Observe that joints have been installed in such manner
that the required movement can be achieved (temporary
screws used to hold studs to ceiling runners must be
removed);
Compare the installed firestop system with the approved
submitted details;
Observe a reasonable degree of workmanship, which
would indicate compliance with the specified designs;
Deficient installations must immediately be corrected and
then re-inspected before concealment.

Check Points:

12

Are random and timely inspections conducted to make sure

that corrections can be made before the completion of
firestop installations?
Is the building or fire inspector familiar with the code
requirement for penetration firestop systems, fire resistive
joint and ventilation duct systems?
How many destructive inspections will be conducted?
What is your building inspection policy and procedure for
making firestop inspections?
Is the inspection report for all firestop systems included in
the final inspection report?

The
Inspection
Process
The time allocated for inspections can be drastically
reduced if the proper paperwork is present in advance of
the field inspection. Planning and communication
between the building designer and the installer prior to
construction will save time, costs and resources in
a s s u r i n g t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e p r o p e r s y s t e m s.
Verification of system testing and listings with a nationally
recognized laboratory, prior to installation in the field, is
key to a smooth inspection process. The costs and time
associated with removing improperly applied materials
can be drastically reduced if the respective through
penetration firestop systems, fire resistive joint systems
and flexible rated duct enclosure documentation is
confirmed prior to installation. Use of applicable ASTM
practices will provide guidelines for inspection of installed
systems.

13

INSPECTION
GUIDELINES

Firestopping And The Codes

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

14

Firestopping
And The
Codes
Penetrations and Joints Firestopping is a form of passive fire
protection that is required in all penetrated rated assemblies
and the joints between them. The International Code Council
specifies firestopping within Chapter 7 of their International
Building Code. The National Fire Protection Association also
specifies firestopping requirements in its Life Safety Code, NFPA
101, National Electric Code publications and in its NFPA 5000
Building Code.
Fire Resistive Duct Enclosures for grease and HVAC ducts are
tested protection systems which provide 1 and/or 2 hour fire
ratings. The systems are utilized as an alternative to fire resistive
rated shaft construction and also permit zero, or reduced,
clearance to combustible materials. The International Code
Council specifies fire resistive duct enclosures in Chapter 5 of
their International Mechanical Code (IMC). Requirements are
also contained in NFPA 96, and IAPMO (UMC). A duct enclosure
system penetrating a rated assembly should also be properly
firestopped.

Step One:
Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference
applicable through penetration assemblies containing
sealants, devices and/or other materials tested to ASTM E814
or UL 1479 by accredited testing agencies. These systems
should be published and readily available via the internet or
other means. Such listings are found in section XHEZ within
Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance
Directory or Warnock-Hersey and OPL Mark Product
Directory.
Reason: There are many different types and
combinations of through penetrations, coatings,
sealants and devices that have not been proven to
maintain or restore the rating of the assembly through testing to
ASTM E814 or UL 1479.

Step Two:
Verify that the Through-Penetration System being used has been
tested to the hourly rating necessary ie. 1 hr., 2 hr., etc., and
with the type of assembly being penetrated.
Reason: The building codes require that the rating
of a firestop system shall not be less than the fire
resistive rating of the penetrated assembly. Concrete,
gypsum and wood assemblies all behave differently in a fire.

INSPECTION
INSPECTION
GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES

For Through
Penetration
Firestop Systems

For Through Penetration Firestop Systems

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

15

Step Three:
As an overview of these steps, verify the parameters indicated
in the system are the same as those installed in the field:
(Download checklist form from the IFC web site
www.firestop.org).
A. Is the through penetration system rated for the type and nature
of assembly (thickness of concrete, stud width, etc.)?
B. Is the rating of the through penetration system equal or
greater than the assembly penetrated?
C. Do the supplied products have labels from a recognized
quality assurance agency?
D. Does the field installation follow the listing?
a. For the size of opening prior to firestopping?
b. Nature and quantity of penetrant(s), (material, size,
diameter, insulation type & thickness, etc.)?
c. Annular space requirements, (minimum, maximum,
nominal, etc.)?
d. Specified forming, packing or backing material, (when
required)?
e. Specified sealant, coating, device or firestopping
product indicated, (type, amount, depth, location, etc.)?
f. Specified accessory items, (anchors, fasteners,
securing devices, plates, etc.)?
Reason: Deviations from a listed and labeled design
will likely result in a failure of the installed system.
Consult manufacturer for validation.

16

Step One:
Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference
legitimate, fire resistive joint systems tested to ASTM E1966 or
UL 2079 by accredited testing laboratories or certified third party
testing agencies. These systems should be published or readily
available via the internet or other means. Such listings can be
found in section XHBN within Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories
Inc. Fire Resistance Directory or Omega Point Laboratories
Directory of Listed Building Products, Materials & Assemblies.
Reason: Many coatings, sealants and configuration
of materials have never been tested in joint systems
and should not be applied to such applications.

Step Two:
Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference whether
the joint is static (not subject to movement) or dynamic, (subject
to movement). Virtually all joints are intended to be dynamic.
Reason: A static joint design, (e.g. FF-S, HW-S, FWS) should not be applied to a dynamic joint condition.
A dynamic joint design, (e.g. FF-D, HW-D, FW-D),
however, may be applied to a static condition.

INSPECTION
GUIDELINES

For Fire Resistive

Joints Systems:
Including
Mechanical Fire
Barrier System

For Fire Resistive Joints Systems:

Including Mechanical Fire Barrier System

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

17

Step Three:
If the joint is dynamic, as in most cases, verify the documents
and submitted drawings reference systems that have been tested
for the required amount of movement. A system listing a nominal
1 inch joint width with 25% compression or extension, actually
allows for a movement of of compression and of extension.
Reason: Building code language requires that joint
systems be capable of handling expected building
movement. Joint systems not tested for the required
movement will likely fail after installation.

Step Four:
If the joint is dynamic, verify the documents and submitted
drawings reference joint systems that have been tested for the
class/type of movement.
Class I - Thermal (500 cycles at 1 CPM)
Class II - Wind Sway (500 cycles at 10 CPM)
Class III - Seismic (100 cycles at 30 CPM)
Combined (100 at 30 CPM & 400 at 10 CPM)
Reason: The installed joint shall be cycle tested for
the appropriate application.

Step Five:
Verify the rating of the joint system is greater than or equal to
the rating of the assemblies it is connecting.

18

Reason: The building codes require that the rating

of a joint system shall not be less than the fire
resistive ratings of the adjacent assemblies.

Step Six:
As an overview of these steps, verify the parameters indicated
in the system are the same as those installed in the field:
(Download checklist form from the IFC web site www.firestop.org)
A. Is the joint system tested and listed?
B. Is the joint static or dynamic?
C. If dynamic, is the joint system tested for the amount
of movement required?
D. Is the joint system tested for the class & type of
movement required?
E. Is the rating of the joint equal to or greater than the
assemblies it is adjacent to?
F. If a mechanical system, are the specified tracks
installed in the installation?
G. Do the supplied products have labels from a
recognized quality assurance agency?
H. Does the field installation follow the listing?
a. Specified forming, packing or backing material?
b. Specified type of sealant, coating or device?
c. Specified amount, depth, location of sealant,
coating or device?
d. Specified accessory items cover plates, bond
breaker tape, and specified deflection track?
Reason: Deviations from a listed and labeled design
will likely result in a failure of the installed system.
Consult with manufacturer for validation.

19

INSPECTION
For Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems ( Curtain Walls)
GUIDELINES

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

20

For
Perimeter Fire
Barrier Systems
(Curtain Walls)
Step One:
Verify documents and submitted drawings reference legitimate
Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems such as Underwriter
Laboratories, Inc. CW-S or CW-D or Intertek Testing Services
CEJ designations.

Reason: Documents referencing only fire resistive

joint systems such as FF, FW, or HW should not be
accepted for curtain wall applications. The behavior
and testing of a curtain wall in a fire is significantly
different from standard joint tests.

Step Two:
Verify the rating of the system is greater than or equal to the
rating of the floor.
Reason: The continuity requirements within the
building codes state that the rating of a floor
assembly must extend to and be tight against an
exter ior wall.

Step Three:
Verify firestop material to be used is classified and listed for use
in Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems. Such listings can be found
in Section XHDG within Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories
Inc. Fire Resistance Directory or Omega Point Laboratories
Directory.
Reason: Many materials, coatings and sealants have
never been tested in perimeter fire containment
systems and should not be substituted in listed and
labeled systems.

Step Four:
Verify documents reference systems that have been tested with
windows or vision glass if the building has glazing close to the
safing area.
Reason: Some systems were tested with
glazing within 6" of the safing area while other
systems were for structures with limited glazing such
as storage and warehouse facilities.

Step Five:
Verify a stiff steel reinforcement member, if required, has been
placed behind exposed curtain wall panel insulation. Typical
stiffening members can be steel hat channels, L or T angles.
Reason: A stiffener is needed to maintain the
compression fit of the safing insulation. Without it,
the safing insulation may fail to perform as tested.

21

Step Six:
Verify insulation type and brand used is listed within the tested
system. Mineral wool is the typical insulation of choice.
Reason: Fiberglass insulation melts at 1050 F, well
below the 2000 F temperature range of a typical
fire.

Step Seven:
If required by the tested system, verify insulation panels are
securely fastened with mechanical fasteners per the system,
instead of just friction-fitted in place.
Reason: The lower transoms and mullions
may degrade and melt during a fire situation causing
the curtain wall insulation to fall out prematurely if it
is not fastened correctly.

Step Eight:
Verify that exposed mullions, if required by the system, are
covered with the proper insulating barrier securely fastened with
mechanical fasteners per the system design.
Reason: Exposed mullions may degrade prematurely
in a fire.

Step Nine:
Verify safing clips or Z clips have been used if the system
requires it.

22

Reason: Some systems allow for the safing

insulation to be friction fitted in place, others require
clips to support the safing insulation.

Step Ten:
Verify coating or sealant has been applied to the proper depth.
A common inspection practice is to be on site just prior to the
addition of the sealant to verify the correct application thickness
is being followed. The inspector may request samples from the
installing contractor after which the installing contractor shall
make the necessary repairs to the destructively sampled area.
A scale or caliper is sufficient for measuring the sealant depth.
Reason: Minimum sealant depths are required by
the system designs to assure the rating is met and
to prevent smoke, fumes or hot gases from seeping
into the non-fire area.

Step Eleven:
As an overview of the above steps, verify the parameters
indicated in the system are the same as those installed in the
field: (Download checklist form from the IFC web site)
A. Is the perimeter fire barrier system tested for the type
and nature of assembly, (minimum thickness of concrete,
transom spacing, etc.)?
B. Is the rating of the perimeter fire barrier system equal or
greater than the floor assembly?
C. Do the supplied products have labels from a recognized
quality assurance agency?
D. Does the field installation follow the listing?
a. Width of gap between floor edge and curtain wall at
time of installation.
b. Design detail includes vision glass if applicable.
c. Specified curtain wall spandrel insulation, (type,
thickness, density, etc.).
d. Specified spandrel panel perimeter angles, (gauge
thickness, dimensions, fastener spacing).

23

e. Specified framing and/or mullion covering, (type,

thickness, density, etc).
f. Support clips for safing insulation, if specified.
g. Specified forming or safing insulation, (type, %
compression, depth, etc).
h. Specified sealant, coating, device or firestopping
product, (type, depth, location, etc).
Reason: Deviations from tested, listed &
labeled design will likely result in a failure of the
installed system. Consult with manufacturer for
validation.

24

Step One:
Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference
legitimate fire resistive duct enclosure systems tested by
accredited testing laboratories or certified third party testing
agencies. These systems and insulation components should be
listed, labeled, published and readily available via the internet
or other means. Listings can be located in Intertek Testing
Services (formerly Omega Point Laboratories) Directory of Listed
Building Products, Materials & Assemblies and in the
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance Directory.
Reason: There are generic insulating materials that
have not been tested as a fire resistive duct enclosure
system to verify their performance when installed in
a duct configuration under fire conditions. Generic insulating
materials do not meet code requirements and should not be
used for this application.

Step Two:
Verify the duct enclosure system is tested to the appropriate
Standard for the specific type of duct system. Grease duct enclosure
systems are tested per ASTM E2336, which includes a full scale
ASTM E 119 engulfment test. HVAC duct enclosure systems are
tested per ISO 6944, Type A for closed duct systems and Type B for
duct systems that contain openings. Additional evaluation of
ventilation duct enclosure systems for compliance to the
pertinent Mechanical Code can be conducted per AC 179. An
ASTM Standard for Fire Resistive Ventilation Duct Enclosure
Systems is under development, but not published at this time.

INSPECTION
GUIDELINES

For Fire Rated

Duct Enclosure
Systems

For Fire Rated Duct Enclosure Systems

INSPECTION GUIDELINES

25

Reason: Various type duct systems present different

fire threats. Duct enclosure systems need to be tested
using the appropriate Standard to ensure the fire
exposure and performance criteria are representative of
conditions expected for that type duct system when installed in
the field.

Step Three:
Verify the fire resistance rating of the duct enclosure system
and corresponding firestop system are equal or greater than
the required fire resistive rating for the building construction
assembly penetrated.
Reason: The mechanical code requires the fire
resistance rating of the duct enclosure system be at
least equivalent to the surrounding building
construction. The F and T ratings for the corresponding duct
firestop system must also be at least equivalent to the duct
enclosure system and the surrounding assembly.

Step Four:
Verify the parameters indicated in the system are the same as
those installed in the field:
A.

B.

C.

26

Duct System Type kitchen grease exhaust,

hazardous material exhaust, ventilation, supply/
return, etc;
Duct Construction dimensions, material, gauge,
reinforcement, connections, vertical or horizontal
orientation;
Enclosure System labeled components, number of
layers, fire rating, required clearance to combustibles,
thickness and density of material, material joints (overlap
of material, taping of cut edges or seams), etc;

D.

E.

F.

G.

Enclosure System Attachment mechanical method

of attachment to duct (typically steel banding and/or
capacitor discharge insulation pins), components,
spacing, gauge, etc;
Duct Supports hanger system components,
frequency of location, clearance to enclosure system,
protection requirements;
Access Door field fabricated or pre-fabricated door
construction and protection with enclosure system
material must match design listing;
Firestop System refer to design listing for fire rated
assembly construction, annular space, packing
material type and depth, and firestop material type
and depth.

Reason: Deviations from a tested, listed and labeled

design nullifies compliance and could result in a
failure of the installed system. Consult with
manufacturer for validation of any aspects that do not
match the specified design.

27

Engineering Judgments
Although there are many listed systems, there
are some firestopping configurations that fall
outside the envelope of tested designs. It is
impossible to anticipate every field condition and
these situations should certainly not be ignored
by the firestop industry. Testing agencies and
manufacturers, usually handle these unusual occurrences with
the issuance of an Engineering Judgment. An Engineering
Judgment is not a substitute for a tested system, and an
available tested system should always take precedent over
a judgment. An Engineering Judgment is a solution based on
the interpolation of data done by a testing agencys qualified
technical personnel, a manufacturer, or by a knowledgeable
registered Professional Engineer or Fire Protection Engineer.
The issuer of an Engineering Judgment shall be responsible for
answering any questions pertaining to data, source or limits of
the judgment.
Judgments should be developed by following sound practice to
ensure that life safety issues are not compromised. A useful
publication for evaluating engineering judgments called
Recommended IFC Guidelines For Evaluating Firestop Systems
Engineering Judgments (EJs) is available from the International
Firestop Council.

28

Annular Space

The region between penetrants or between

penetrants and the periphery of the opening.
Also referred to as the annulus.

Curtain Wall

Either a rated or non-rated, non-load bearing

exterior wall assembly secured and supported
by the structural members of the building.

CPM -

Cycles per minute.

Engineering Judgment

An engineering evaluation of non- typical

conditions which do not conform to existing
tested systems. The evaluation may be in the
form of a letter or drawing.

Fireblocking -

Building material installed to resist the free

passage of flame and gases to other areas of
the building through concealed spaces.

Glossary

Document
Glossary

Firestopping - The sealing or materials used to seal gaps,

holes, or voids within or between assemblies
to regain the initial rating of the breached
assemblies.
F Rating -

The amount of time that a firestop system

remains in tact and does not permit the spread
of fire and hot gases when tested in accordance
with ASTM or UL test standards for specified
systems.

Fire Resistive - A tested protection system for enclosing duct

Duct Enclosure systems that penetrate a fire rated assembly.
Typically used as an alternative to fire resistive
shaft enclosures.

29

Glossary

Fire Resistive
Joint

A tested firestop joint design that has met the

requirements of ASTM E1966 or UL 2079.
Sometimes referred to as a Joint System or
a System Mechanical Fire Barrier System.

Joint -

The linear void located between juxtaposed fire

separating elements. Joint systems include
construction joints, expansion joints, seismic
joints but do not include control* joints. Dynamic
joint systems are designed to allow
independent movement of the building of the
building caused by thermal, wind, seismic or
any other loading. Cyclic movement of joints is
tested in accordance with ASTM E 1399.
* Control joints are incorporated in construction
assemblies for the purpose of controlling cracks.

L Rating -

30

A measurement of the air leakage rate through

a penetration joint system without fire exposure,
tested under a differential pressure of
0.30 inches water column (75 Pa) at 75F and
at 400F. It is expressed as a volumetric flow
rate, with units of CFM/Sq Ft for penetrations,
and CFM/Lin Ft for joints.

Mechanical Fire - A rated system product that is used in

Barrier System expansion joint gaps in structures. The system
normally includes two components, namely
a rated mechanical fire barrier product and
a metal joint system, installed between
rated substrates. The system is attached to the
substrates using fasteners.

Glossary
Mullion -

The vertical supportive member(s) within

acurtain wall assembly.

Membrane -

An opening for a penetrant which is only on one

side of an assembly. The penetrant
changes directions upon entering the assembly
and may exit at another location.

Nominal Joint Width

The joint width at the time of installation and not

the movement capability. This differs from
theJoint Width gap between substrates at the
time the gap is constructed, e.g. concrete
poured in the floors. This dimension, that the
Joint Gap is constructed is critical to the
selection of the systems specified and used.
The gap width should be formed using
temperature data and the engineers total
design movement expected at the joint lines and
then refer to them Temperature/Adjustment
Table. Widths then will be assigned width based
on temperature.

Penetrant -

The tems(s) which breaches a rated assembly.

Usually pipes, conduits, wires, ducts, or cable
trays.

Perimeter -

The combination of the non-structural exterior

wall assembly, perimeter joint protection,
and floor assembly That provides fire resistance
to prevent the passage of fire from floor to floor
at the buildings exterior.

Perimeter Barrier

The linear gap located between juxtaposed

Joint exterior wall assembly and floor assembly
designed to accommodate various degrees of
movements induced by thermal differentials,
wind loads and seismicity. Tested in accordance
with ASTM E1399.

31

Glossary

32

Safing Area

Another term used to refer to the gap between

a rated floor and a curtain wall.

Splice -

The connection or junction within the length of

a joint system.

Through Penetration

An opening and/or penetrant that passes fully

Penetration through a rated assembly.

Through Penetration
Firestop
System

A tested firestop design that has met

the requirements of ASTM E814, or UL 1479.

Transom -

The horizontal supportive member(s) within

a curtain wall assembly.

T Rating -

The amount of time that a firestop

system prevents the temperature on the nonfire side from rising 325 F above ambient
when tested in accordance with ASTM E-814
or UL 1479.

Void -

An opening or region of a space within a linear

gap which is considered static in nature. These
areas include the region within the flutes of
a steel deck, the region above a steel top track,
and irregularities in the gap spacing.

W Rating -

Measures resistance of a firestop product

to standing water in buildings. The test simulates
water on a firestop system for 72 hours under a
3 head of water.

References:

Annual Book Of ASTM Standard

to evaluate the product for specific hazards

or properties
UL Listed - Passes the standard test and is in the labs directory

Navigating UL:

Example 1: UL Classified Through Penetratrarion

The System Approach:

The
System
Approach:
UL Approved - No Such Thing (Only AHJ Approves Products/Systems)
UL Classified - Lab has used the country requirements

Firestop Systems
o First Alpha Character Signifies what is being penetrated
F = Floors
W = Walls
C = Walls and Floors
C-AJ-1079
Combination Floor or Wall

o Following Alpha Characters(s) Wall or Floor Construction Type

A = Concrete Floors <_ 5 inch thick

B = Concrete Floors _> 5 inch thick
C = Framed Floors
D = Steel decks in marine Vessels
E-I = Reserved for future use
J = Concrete or masonry walls <_ 8 inch thick
K = Concrete or masonry walls _> 8 inch thick
L = Framed walls
M = Bulkheads in marine Vessels
N-Z = Reserved for future use
C-AJ-1079
Construction Type of Floor or Wall

33

o Numeric Component First digit identifies the type

of penetrant, next three are sequential system numbering
C-AJ-1079
Penetrant Type
C-AJ-1079
Individual system number
o 0000-0999 = No penetrant
o 1000-1999 = Metallic pipe, conduit or Tubing
o 2000-2999 = Nonmetallic pipe, conduit or tubing
o 3000-3999 = Electric Cables
o 4000-4999 = Cable trays with electrical Cables
o 5000-5999 = Insulated pipes
o 6000-6999 = Busways
o 7000-7999 = HVAC ducts
o 8000-8999 = Mixed multiple Penetrations
o 9000-9999 = Reserved for future uses

Example 2: UL System Joint Systems

34

HW-D-0034
Barriers that form the join
First Two Alpha Characters identify the type of joint system
FF = Floor-to-Floor
WW = Wall-to-Wall
FW = Floor-to-Wall
HW = Head-of-Wall
HW-D-0034
Movement: Static or Dynamic
D = Dynamic (movement capabilities)
S = Static (no movement capabilities)
HW-D-0034
Joint Width
Numeric Component first digit identifies the width of the
joint system, next three are numbering
sequential system
HW-D-0034
Individual System Number
o 0000-0999 = joint <_ 2 inch
o 1000-1999 = joint > 2 inch <_ 6 inch
o 2000-2999 = joint > 6 inch <_ 12 inch
o 3000-3999 = joint > 12 inch <_ 24 inch
o 4000-4999 = joint > 24 inch

Movement In Construction Joints

and Curtain Wall Systems:

Joint systems with movement capabilities are noted through

the appearance of a Class I, II and/or
III designation included as part of the heading
information. The definitions of the movement
class are as follows:
Class I:
Minimum 500 cycles @ a minimum
of 1 cycle/minute;

Class II:
Minimum 500 cycles @ a minimum
of 10 cycles/minute

Class III:
Minimum 100 cycles @ a minimum
of 30 cycles/minute

35

CAJ 3###

CAJ 4###

CAJ 5###

CAJ 6###

CAJ 7###

CAJ 8###

Cables

Cable Trays

Insulated Metal

Bus Duct

Metal Ducts
w/o Dampers

Mixed Multiple

CAJ 8###
WJ 8###

CAJ 7###
WJ 7###

TBD

TBD

CAJ 6###
WJ 6###

CAJ 5###
WJ 5###

CAJ 4###
WJ 4###

CAJ 3###
WJ 3###

FS500699FE

FS500699FC

FS500699FD

FS500699FD

FS500699FB

CAJ 2###
WJ 2###

CAJ 2###

Nonmetallic

TBD

TBD

FS100299WE

FS100299WC

FS100299WD

FS100299WD

FS100299WB

FS100299WA

CAJ 1###
WJ 1###

CAJ 1###

Metallic

FS500699FA

CONCRETE WALL
UL
I T S
CAJ 0###
FS500699WG
WJ 0###

CONCRETE FLOOR
Penetrants
UL
ITS
Blank Openings CAJ 0###
FS500699FG

WL 8###

WL 7###

WL 6###

WL 5###

WL 4###

WL 3###

WL 2###

WL 1###

FC 7###
FE 7###
FC 8###
FE 8###

TBD

FC 6###
FE 6###

FC 5###
FE 5###

TBD

FS100299WE

FS100299WC

FC 4###
FE 4###

FC 3###
FE 3###

FS100299WD
FS100299WD

FC 2###
FE 2###

FC 1###
FE 1###

TBD

TBD

FS100299FE

FS100299FC

FS100299FD

FS100299FD

FS100299FB

FS100299FA

WOOD OR
STEEL FRAMED FLOOR
UL
ITS
FC 0###
FS100FE 0###
299FG

FS100299WB

FS100299WA

GYPSUM WALL
UL
ITS
WL 0###
FS100299WG

FIRESTOP SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION GUIDE - PENETRATIONS

FF-S/D*-0###
FF-S/D*-1###
FF-S/D*-2###
FF-S/D*-3###
FF-S/D*-4###
CEJ###F

Floor to
Floor
FW-S/D*-0###
FW-S/D*-1###
FW-S/D*-2###
FW-S/D*-3###
FW-S/D*-4###
CEJ###WF

Floor to
Wall
HW-S/D*-0###
HW-S/D*-1###
HW-S/D*-2###
HW-S/D*-3###
HW-S/D*-4###
CEJ###H

Head of
Wall

*S=Static / D=Dynamic

WW- S/D*-0###
WW-S/D*-1###
WW-S/D*-2###
WW-S/D*-3###
WW-S/D*-4###
CEJ###W

Wall to
Wall

CW-S/D*-0###
CW-S/D*-1###
CW-S/D*-2###
N/A
N/A
CEJ###P

Perimeter
Fire Barrier

FIRESTOP SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION GUIDE - FIRE RESISTIVE JOINTS

Joint Width
< 2"
> 2"; < 6"
UL >6", < 12
>12", < 24"
> 24"
ITS

37

NOTES

IFC Membership List

For a full list of membership including nonvoting members such as contractors, code
officials, architects, engineers, and related
associations, check the IFC website at:
www.firestop.org

Inspection Manual For Firestopped Through

Penetrations, Joints and Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems
Copyright 2007, International Firestop Council.
All Rights Reserved. This document may not be
reproduced in any form or by any means without the
advance written Permission of the:

International Firestop Council

www.firestop.org
(877) 241-3769