Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Energy
distribution
Technical Handbook
2013
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www.hager.co.in
1
Reason
Consequences
Protective
Device to
be used
Overload
It is mainly caused
when one tries to use
a equipment beyond
its rated capacity,
or there is a fault in the
equipment E.g When
you keep a heater on
without any water in it.
It can lead to
reduction in life of
equipment, ultimately
leading to failure
of insulation and
hence damaging
the equipment.
MCB /
RCBO
Short Circuit
Insulation Failure,
Shorting of the Phase
to Phase or Phase
and Neutral Wires.
Eath Fault
RCBO /
RCCB
Opening of Neutral
Damage to
Connection increase in sensitive Electronic
Ph-Ph voltage of 440V, Equipment.
Surge through Lighting
or transients, Over
voltage from Utility.
OV
protection
Device
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Items
Load/Wattage
Fan
Lamp, Tubelight
Room Heater
Water Heater
8 ltrs
15 ltrs
60 ltrs
Immersion Heater
Hot Plate-single
Iron-Non-automatic
Automatic
Mixer / Juicer
TV / VCR / VCP
Music system
Refrigerator
165 ltrs
285 ltrs
350 ltrs
Toaster
Vacuum Cleaner
Washing Machine
without heater
with heater
Water Cooler
Desert Cooler
Oven
Electric Kettle
Air Conditioner
1 ton
1.5 ton
2 ton
Hair Dryer
Microwave
MCB rating
60W
40W
200W
*
*
1A
1200-2000W
3000-4000W
4000-6000W
1000W
1000W
500W
1000W
300W
200W
200W
10 A
20 A
32 A
6A
6A
3A
6A
2A
1A
1A
400W
600W
750W
500W
400W
3A
4A
6A
3A
3A
300-1300W
5000-6300W
700W
300W
750W
1500W
10 A
32 A
6A
2A
6A
7.5 A
1000W
1500WA
2000W
1000W
800W
10 A
16 A
16 A
7.5 A
6A
The given data is only for guidance and may vary for different manufacturers
Max. Short
Circuit Current
(kA)
kVA
4%
impedance
5%
impedance
25
35
0.875
0.7
40
56
11.4
1.1
63
88
12.2
1.8
100
139
13.5
2.8
125
174
14.4
3.5
160
223
15.6
4.5
200
278
17
5.6
250
348
18.7
7.8
315
438
11
8.8
400
560
14.2
11.3
500
695
17.4
13.9
630
876
21.9
17.5
800
1112
27.8
22.2
1000
1390
34.8
27.8
1250
1740
43.5
34.8
1600
2230
55.8
44.5
2000
2780
69.5
55.6
2500
3480
87
69.6
Full load
current
approx.
Relay
range
kW
amp.
amp.
0.75
12.1
1.4 - 12.3
NC306N
ND303N
1.5
1.1
12.7
2.0 - 13.3
NC310N
ND304N
1.5
13.5
3.0 - 15.0
NC310N
ND306N
2.5
1.8
14.8
4.5 - 17.5
NC316N
ND306N
2.25
15
4.5 - 17.5
NC316N
ND306N
16.4
4.5 - 17.5
NC316N
ND310N
Motor Rating
415V,
3 phase
hp
C Type
amp.
D Type
amp.
3.7
17.9
6.0 - 10.0
NC320N
ND310N
4.5
19
6.0 - 10.0
NC325N
ND316N
7.5
5.5
11.2
9.0 - 15.0
NC332N
ND316N
kW
Full load
current
approx.
Relay
range
amp.
amp.
Recommended
back-up MCB
C Type
amp.
D Type
amp.
11
0.75
12.1
0.95 - 11.5
NC303N
ND303N
11.5
1.1
12.7
1.45 - 12.3
NC304N
ND302N
12
1.5
13.5
1.45 - 12.3
NC304N
ND303N
13
2.25
15
2.05 - 13.3
NC306N
ND303N
14
16.4
3.05 - 15.0
NC310N
ND304N
15
3.7
17.9
4.55 - 15.0
NC310N
ND306N
16
4.5
19
4.55 - 17.5
NC316N
ND306N
17.5
5.5
11.2
4.55 - 17.5
NC316N
ND310N
10
7.5
14.8
6.05 - 10
NC320N
ND310N
12.5
9.3
19
9.05 - 15.0
NC325N
ND316N
Current carrying
capacity
as per IS:3961
Max. Resistance
per km. at 20C
Sq. mm
Amp.
Ohms
1.0
11
19.50
1.5
14
13.30
2.5
19
07.98
4.0
26
04.95
6.0
31
03.30
10
42
01.91
16
57
01.21
25
71
00.78
Color of cable
Red
Yellow
Blue
Black
Earthing
Green
Neutral link
To load
MCB
2 Pole RCCB/
RCBO/MCB/
Isolator
Earth link
Shorting
link
10
Neutral
link
O/G
MCB
Earth
link
LED
indication
Shorting
link
4P MCB/
RCCB/RCD
11
To load
2P RCD
Neutral
link
O/G
MCB
Shorting
link
Indicating
lamps
4P MCB/
RCCB/
RCD
12
To load
Shorting
link
MCB O/G
2P RCD
Earth
link
Neutral link
4P MCB
/ ISO
LED indication/
or OV device
13
To load
MCB
O/G
Shorting
link
2P RCD
x160 MCCB
or 4P MCB/ISO
14
Indicating
lights or
over
voltage
device
RCCBs
RCCB is a current operated voltage independent
device. They provide protection even when the
voltage is dip or neutral conductor is interrupted.
In a healthy circuit, the vector sum of all the
currents in 3 phases and neutral is equal to zero.
In case of current leakage to earth, the device
senses the imbalance between incoming and
outgoing currents in the system and provides
automatic disconnection from supply.
Why use an RCCBs?
RCCBs are devices which protect the user from the harmful effects of electric
shocks. These function by detecting the residual current, comparing the value
with the rated residual operating value and opening the protected circuit when
the residual current exceeds this value.
RCCBs are an efficient means for ensuring peoples protection against
electrical shocks resulting from direct and indirect contact.
RCCBs are used for various applications depending upon different current
sensitivities.
RCCBs
Application
30 mA
100 mA
300 mA
Connection diagram
3 phase 4 wire system
suppy
1 phase system
suppy
15
RCCBs
Why Hi RCCBs?
RCCB being a very sensitive device may trip due to some electrical
disturbances in the system, which deforms the sine wave. These disturbances
can be:
External Disturbance - HV network disturbance, lightening
Internal Disturbances - Switching surges, harmonics, non linear loads like
VFD, thyristor, electronic loads, pulsated DC loads
These disturbances may interfere with the operation of RCCBs connected to
network, apart from other electronic devices connected to system.
These disturbances can have following effects on the working of residual
current device:
Nuisance Tripping
RCCB may trip without a genuine earth leakage
Continuity of supply is affected, though no compromise in peoples safety
Blinding
RCCB may not trip on a genuine earth leakage
Peoples safety is no longer guaranteed
In both of the above cases, either continuity of supply or peoples safety is
compromised which is not desirable.
Technical details :
Protects a circuit automatically in the event of an earth leakage
Conforms to IEC 61008 IS12640-1
With earth fault indicator & positive contact indication
16
Hi-RCCBs
Hager Hi RCCB (Class A) can withstand the
increasingly frequent disturbances which causes
nuisance tripping or blinding in normal (class AC)
RCCBs. Hager Hi RCCB has Specially designed torroids which solves the
problem of non-activation of relay in case of
leakage of pulsated DC current
Electronic filter circuits for treatment of electrical signals to improve the
performance compared to standard RCCBs
Earth leakage tripping band of 80 - 100% of sensitivity which is higher than
normal RCCBs
Selection / installation tips for RCCBs / RCBOs
Careful selection of RCCBs is required for ensuring optimum protection to
human life & installation.
1. The current rating of RCCB should not be less than circuit design current
2. Select 2P RCCBs for single phase supply distribution and loads
3. Select 4P RCCBs for three phase supply distribution and loads
4. Select the correct trip sensitivity as per following table:
For protection of human life against direct contact 30mA
For protection of human life against indirect contact 100mA
For protection of installation against electrical fires 300mA
5. Neutral wire should not be looped. Looping of neutral may cause
unwanted tripping of RCCBs
6. RCCBs must be tested regularly (once in a month) by pressing Test trip
push button to check its healthiness
7. Use IP65 enclosures for installation of devices in dusty and humid outdoor
area
8. RCCBs shall only be connected downstream of MCB
9. Ensure correct earthing throughout the installation. Periodically check
that all earthing points are healthy
10. Wire shall be terminated tightly on the device terminals to ensure proper
connection
Technical details :
For electrical networks with high harmonics / pulsated DC currents and
transients
Conforms to IEC 61008 & EMC standard EN 61543
With earth fault indicator & positive contact indication
17
MCBs
Correct selection of MCBs
Correct selection of MCBs is very important to
ensure optimum protection to installations.
Generally in any installation, we have different
kinds of loads like incandescent lights, HPMV
lamps, Fluorescent Lights, Motors, Fans, Pumps,
Electronic loads like UPS, Servers, Computers
and Printers etc. which all have different electrical
characteristics.
It is very important to choose right kind of MCBs
to protect each type of load, depending upon load characteristics.
B curve MCBs are used for :
Protection of resistive loads that have starting current equal to their running
current
Protection of DG sets (since DG sets have low short-circuit capacity)
B curve MCBs have magnetic threshold setting between 3 5 x Ir
C curve MCBs are used for :
Slightly inductive loads with moderate (below 5 Ir*) starting current
General houseload loads like lights, fans & household electrical appliances
C curve MCBs have magnetic threshold setting at 5 10 x Ir
D curve MCBs are suitable for :
Inductive loads with a high (5-10 x Ir) inrush current
Suitable for UPS, small motor & pumps, small transformers etc.
D curve MCBs have magnetic threshold setting at 10 20 x Ir which does
not give nuisance tripping while starting the load
Ir rated current
Following are some of the main points which should be kept in mind while
selecting MCBs for a particular application.
The current rating of MCBs should be more than load current in the circuit;
For example, if the load current in a circuit is 9A, the minimum MCB rating
should be 10A.
The current carrying capacity of wire should be more than MCB current
rating; For example if we select MCB of 10A, then current carrying
capacity of wire should be more than 10A.
MCBs are available in B, C & D tripping category. They should be selected
as per load characteristics as shown in table on next page.
18
Residential
Commercial
Suitable
MCB
curve
Boilers
Heater
Heaters
Florescent Lights
B curve
Florescent lights
Microwave
Refrigerators
General household
equipment
Inductive Loads Water lifting pumps
Florescent lights
ID & FD fans
UPS
Small control
transformers
D curve
Over-voltage release-MZ209
Over-voltage in residential & commercial
installation is a common problem which can
cause serious damage to household electronic &
electrical devices. Over-voltage not only reduces
the operating life of equipment, it also increases
running & maintenance cost.
Causes of over-voltage :
Neutral break in system
Faulty connections during installation / maintenance work
Poor voltage regulation
Over-compensation by capacitors (in industries)
Neutral break is shown below, is the most common phenomenon:
In the case of the neutral being broken, houses 2 and 3 are supplied by an
artificial neutral, created by the downstream network. One of them shall
experience over-voltage and the other, under-voltage due to difference in their
instantaneous loading conditions.
Problems due to over-voltage :
Sudden failure of electronic devices
Reduction in useful life of equipment
Increased failure, high running & maintenance cost
Heating in systems
Insulation failure
Hager offers Over-voltage release MZ209, which continuously monitors
voltage between phase & neutral. It breaks the supply by opening the circuit
breaker in case the voltage between phase and neutral conductor increases
from the pre-determined level (280V AC) and thus prevents damage to
household devices.
20
Over-voltage release-MZ209
The over voltage auxiliary prevents re-closing until the voltage comes back
within the normal threshold.
Indication that the protection device has tripped due to over voltage is
provided by a flag on the auxiliary. The flag indicator appears Red if the tripping
is caused due to an over voltage.
Over-voltage release MZ209 can be used with hager MCBs, RCCBs & RCBOs
to provide total protection to installation against overload, short-circuits,
earth-leakage & over-voltage faults in a system.
21
Changeover switches
Changeover switches are used to shift from one
source of supply to another source, and vice
versa.
22
Isolators
The simple and safe-to-install switch
disconnectors (isolators) from Hager help to
make your work easier and ensure absolute
safety of electrical installations. All devices are
manufactured in compliance with the latest IEC
standards and are CE marked. They are
particularly easy and safe to install.
Technical details :
Contactors
Used for remote switching and control of power
circuits.
23
Time switch
Hager offers a comprehensive range of modular
time switches in electro-mechanical, digital &
astronomical versions to meet the basic to the
most advanced applications.
24
25
Dimmers
They are compact devices and can be fitted inside distribution boards along
with other modular devices to control the lighting output as per users need.
Main features of hager dimmers:
Technical details:
These devices are used for control of lighting levels in domestic & professional
premises
26
Technical details:
A staircase time lag switch allows you to switch on the light during an
adjustable time. After the time lag it switches off automatically.
27
Notes
28
Notes
29