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3/6/2014

Solid Waste Management (SWM)


Objectives:
To treat and discard solid wastes in an
environmentally acceptable manner
To prevent the spread of diseases
To minimize the likelihood of fires
To reduce aesthetic insults arising from
putrefying organics
Basically to minimize the adverse effects
caused by the indiscriminate disposal of
solid wastes

If you dont manage your SW..

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Impacts due to improper SWM


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Green house gases global warming


Environmental pollution
Human health problems
Safety issues
Fires within the dumpsite
Erosion and stability problems in waste dump
or land fill
Odour, vector, rodent and stray animal
problems
Aesthetic insults affects socioeconomics

If you manage your SW properly.

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When assessing SWM possibilities,


we need to consider:

Materials flow in society


Reduction in raw material
usage
Reduction in SW quantities
Reuse of materials
Material recovery
Energy recovery
Day to day SWM

Engineered Systems for SWM


The six functional elements of a solid
waste management system
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Waste generation
On site handling, storage and
processing
Collection
Transfer and transport
Processing and recovery
Ultimate disposal

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Waste generation
Those activities in which materials are identified as no
longer being of value and are either thrown away or
gathered for disposal

On-site handling, storage, and processing


Those activities associated with the handling, storage and
processing of solid wastes at or near the point of
generation

Collection
Those activities associated with the gathering of solid
wastes and the hauling of wastes after collection to the
location where the collection vehicle is emptied

Transfer and Transport


Those activities associated with the (1) transfer of wastes
from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport
equipment and (2) the subsequent transport of wastes,
usually over long distance, to the disposal site

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Truck routing

Routing rules (US EPA)


1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Routes should not be fragmented or overlapped. Each


route should be compact, consisting of street
segments clustered in the same geographical area
Total collection plus haul times should be reasonably
constant for each route in the community (equalised
workloads)
The collection route should be started as close to the
garage as possible, taking into account heavily
travelled and one-way streets.
Heavily travelled streets should not be collected during
rush hours
For one way streets, it is best to start the route near
the upper end of the street, working down it through
the looping process

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6. For one way streets, best is to make a U-turn


7. For steep hills, collect from both sides while descending
the hill (saves fuel, safer)
8. Carry out clockwise/ anti-clockwise routes, depending on
the area of collection/ type of drive (left or right hand)
Basically, the best route would be one that saves time,
energy of workers and usage of equipment.

Example question
Plan out a routing pattern for the following streets. Assume the
North-South streets to be one-way and the East-West streets to be
two-way.
Start

End

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Processing and Recovery


Those techniques, equipment, and facilities used both to
improve the efficiency of the other functional elements and
to recover usable materials, conversion products or energy
from solid wastes
Disposal
Those activities associated with the ultimate disposal of
solid wastes, including those wastes collected and
transported directly to a landfill site, semisolid sludge from
wastewater treatment plants, incinerator residue, compost
or other substances from the various solid-waste
processing plants that are of no further use

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