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2nm
b) Find the wavelength , momentum pc (eV), and energy for both states.
n=2
= L = 3nm
he
pc = j =
\240eV.nm
3nm
= l413eV|
\2
2mc2
2m
2(0.511 106<?V)
/
n=5
L =
^=^X
2
vDC =
E=
!Ej
PL
2m
= -L = \2nm
5
2 4 0 e V n m
12nm
= l033eV
-=lMeV
2mc
3. An electron is in the = 5 excited state of a 1-D infinite square well (width L). Draw
the probability distribution of the electron. Calculate the probability of finding the
electron between = 0.39L and 0.41L and mark this region on your drawing. [NOTE:
Because is so small, it is not necessary to integrate].
Use P(x)dx - 2 () Ax and substitute _5 () from the general wave function formula
for an infinite square well. The x-value should be the average position of (0.39L +
0.41L)/2=0.4Land Ax = 0.41L-0.39L = 0.02L.
Pn=5(x)dx
2
= ii/2l=5{x)Ax = j-sin2
57r(0.4L)
= sin
L
(0.02L)
0.04sin 2 (27r) = 0
4. An electron moving in a 1-D infinite square well is trapped in the = 2 excited state.
Explicitly calculate the probability of finding the electron between = 0.5L and 0.75L.
Draw the probability distribution and check your answer with the relevant area in your
figure. Because is not small, it is necessary to integrate
= \() =
\ {)
AP(x)
0.25L
,2_1
2^
sin'
0.5L V \LJ
0-5.
X
_ P
g l V l n g
~7"'
KLKS?
Lit
X =
2^
0.75L
0.75Z, j
Pn=2= J =2(*>&= j
0.5L
a n d
dx
2nx\dx
L
Ldu
~ - The limits = 0.5,0.751 become = ,1.5.
17
''
*'
5. For the finite square well potential, sketch the wave function () and probability
2
distribution |()| for the = 4 state. Briefly describe how () would change if the
"walls" of the well were increased in height.
For afinitesquare well potential, sketch a wave function () and probability distribution ^) for the
= 4 state. Briefly describe how () would change if the "walls" of the well were increased in height.
U2
If the walls of the square well potential were increased in height, then () would decay faster in the
regions outside the well.
6. Sketch the wave function () corresponding to a particle with energy in the
potential below, Be careful about the frequencies and amplitudes of any oscillatory
functions. Large dashs - energy E, small dashs - potential U
Region 1
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
rR&gon-4~
Ea3Vfl.
The wave function oscillates in regions 1 &2 because > U, decays exponentially in
region 4 because < U and is zero in region 1 because U is infinite.
The frequency is lower in region 2 versu 3 because is lower there.
The amplitude is higher in 2 versus 3 because the particle is moving slower there (lower
K) and therefore remains longer in that region.
7.
A 30 eV electron travels to the right and crosses a potential step. The potential
energy is 0 eV in region 1 (to the left) and 25 eV in region 2 (to right).
a) Sketch the particles wave function in both regions. Include lines for the potential and
the particle's total energy.
b) For each region, find the following values oc the wavefunction: kinetic energy,
momentum term pc, wavelength , wavenumber k.
Region 1
Sa-jici 12
*&L
/
iX^-Z&e
U- OeV
Region 1
Region 2
= 30 - OeV = 3feV
K=WeV-25eV=
pc=time2 =^2(0.51
pc = 2260eV
hc_1240eV.nm
" p c " 5537eV '
k,=-=26nm
1
\MeV)MeV=\5511eV\
0.224nm
X = 0.54nm
^2=11.6nm"
5eV