Professional Documents
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UNIT - 2
Call Routing
Call Originating from MS
Call termination to MS
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Outgoing Call
MS sends dialled number to BSS
2. BSS sends dialled number to MSC
3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the
requested service. If so,MSC asks BSS
to allocate resources for call.
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MSC routes the call to GMSC
6
GMSC routes the call to local
exchange of called user
7, 8,
9,10 Answer back(ring back) tone is
routed from called user to MS via
GMSC,MSC,BSS
1.
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Incoming Call
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1.
2.
3.
4.
PLMN INTERFACE
(private land mobile network)
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Frequency Resource
GSM900 :
up: 890~915MHz
down: 935~960MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 25MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1800 :
up: 1710-1785MHz
down:
1805-1880MHz
duplex interval: 95MHz working
bandwidth: 75MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
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EGSM900 :
up: 880~890MHz
down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 10MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1900MHz:
up:1850~1910MHz
down:1930~1990MHz
duplex interval: 80MHz working
bandwidth: 60MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
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Mobility Management
Paging
Location Update
Handover
Authentication & Security Issues during Handover
Roaming
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Paging
For a mobile terminated call the MS needs to be traced,
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Location Update
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Numbering Arrangement
Temporarily Mobile Subscriber Identification Number
(TMSI)
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Handovers
Between 1 and 2 Inter BTS /
Intra BSC
Between 1 and 3
Inter BSC/ Intra MSC
Between 1 and 4
Inter MSC
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Security in GSM
On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of IMSI.
SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM
3 algorithms are specified :
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Authentication Concept
Random Number
Generator
Serving Network
Mobile Station
Random Number
Secret Data
Authentication
Algorithm
Authentication
Response
No
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Secret Data
Authentication
Response
=
Yes
Deny
Access
Authentication
Algorithm
Grant
Access
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Network.
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authentication).
Encryption capability for information security and privacy.
Compatibility with ISDN,leading to wider range of services
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GSM Applications
Mobile telephony
GSM-R
Telemetry System
- Fleet management
- Automatic meter reading
- Toll Collection
- Remote control and fault reporting of DG sets
Value Added Services
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Future Of GSM
2nd Generation
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