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Completion fluids
Contents
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Clear-fluid systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Clear-fluid system selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Crystallization point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Brine/formation water compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Brine formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Solids-enhanced fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Contaminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Oil, distillate, grease, and pipe dope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Handling fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Transporting fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
Preparing the rig and rig housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
Before receiving fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
While receiving fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
After receiving fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
During completion or workover operations . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
Personal safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
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Completion Fluids
Overview
Completion and workover fluids are used for their
ability to not only control formation pressure, but also
to reduce/eliminate certain types of formation damage.
The two basic types of completion and workover
systems are clear-fluid systems and solids-enhanced
systems. This chapter covers each of these systems and
provides information on selecting and handling
completion and workover fluids.
Information on completion and workover fluids is also
found in the following chapters:
C
C
C
Corrosion
Displacement
Lost circulation
Clear-fluid systems
A clear-fluid system is the preferred completion or
workover system because the properties of clear-fluid
systems protect formations. In addition, clear-fluid
systems make excellent packer fluids that can expedite
workover operations.
Clear-fluid systems are solutions of various salts that
are classified into two major groups: monovalent and
divalent. Table 1-1 lists monovalent and divalent
solutions.
1-2
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Monovalent solutions
Divalent solutions
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Sodium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium formate
Potassium chloride
Potassium bromide
Potassium formate
Cesium formate
Calcium chloride
Calcium bromide
Zinc bromide
Table 1-1: Monovalent and divalent solutions. Monovalent solutions contain sodium and
potassium; divalent solutions contain calcium and zinc.
Clear-fluid
system selection
Density
Crystallization point
Brine/formation water compatibility
Corrosion
Density
Clear brines are used in both underbalanced and
overbalanced conditions. Frequently, a well is
completed in an overbalanced situation and the heavy
brine is replaced with a lighter packer fluid.
If a well is completed...
Then...
C
C
In an underbalanced situation,
With an underbalanced packer fluid
left in the well,
C
C
In an overbalanced situation,
As a workover operation requiring a
kill fluid,
1-3
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1-4
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Crystallization point
A brine's crystallization point is the temperature at
which salt crystals will begin to fall out of solution
given sufficient time and proper nucleating conditions.
Note: Nucleation is the process by which insoluble
matter provides a physical platform upon which
crystals can form.
The precipitation of insoluble salts can cause a number
of problems. For example, when the dissolved salt in
the fluid crystallizes and settles in a tank, the fluid
density usually drops. Crystallization in brines can also
cause lines to plug and pumps to seize.
To ensure crystallization does not occur in a brine:
C
C
C
1-5
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C
C
C
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Completion Fluids
1-6
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Crystallization
Point
Eutectic
point
Density
Figure 1-2: Eutectic point. The eutectic point is the lowest freezing point of a solution. This
curve is not necessarily a symmetrical function.
1-7
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Completion Fluids
Return permeability
Formation water analysis
Formation mineralogy
Brine/water compatibility
1-8
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Brine
formulations
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Calcium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium bromide/sodium chloride
Calcium bromide
Calcium bromide/calcium chloride
Fresh
water,
bbl
100%
NaCl, lb
Brine
density
at 70F
(21C),
lb/gal
0.998
8.4
1.01
0.993
8.5
1.02
0.986
16
8.6
0.981
22
0.976
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
Water,
bbl
10
lb/gal
NaCl,
bbl
31 (-0.6)
0.96
0.04
29 (-1.7)
0.90
0.10
1.03
27 (-2.8)
0.84
0.16
8.7
1.04
26 (-3.3)
0.78
0.22
28
8.8
1.05
24 (-4.4)
0.72
0.28
0.969
35
8.9
1.07
22 (-5.6)
0.66
0.34
0.962
41
9.0
1.08
19 (-7.2)
0.60
0.40
0.955
47
9.1
1.09
17(-8.3)
0.54
0.46
0.948
54
9.2
1.10
14 (-10.0)
0.48
0.52
0.940
61
9.3
1.11
11 (-11.7)
0.42
0.58
0.933
68
9.4
1.13
9 (-12.8)
0.36
0.64
0.926
74
9.5
1.14
6 (-14.4)
0.30
0.70
0.919
81
9.6
1.15
3 (-16.1)
0.24
0.76
1-9
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Completion Fluids
Fresh
water,
bbl
100%
NaCl, lb
Brine
density
at 70F
(21C),
lb/gal
0.910
88
9.7
1.16
0.902
95
9.8
1.17
0.895
102
9.9
0.888
109
10.0
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
Water,
bbl
10
lb/gal
NaCl,
bbl
-1 (-18.3)
0.18
0.82
-5 (-20.5)
0.12
0.88
1.19
5 (-15.0)
0.06
0.94
1.20
25 (-3.9)
---
1.00
Table 1-2: Sodium chloride solution requirements. Dry sodium chloride or sodium
chloride brine can be used to produce the required crystallization point (CP).
100%
KCl, lb
Brine
density
at 70F
(21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity,
sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
Potassium,
ppm
Chloride,
ppm
% by
weight
KCl
1.1
0.995
4.0
8.4
1.01
31 (-0.6)
005946
005392
0.986
11.6
8.5
1.02
29 (-1.7)
017041
015452
3.2
0.976
18.9
8.6
1.03
28 (-2-2)
027441
024882
5.2
0.969
26.1
8.7
1.04
26 (-3.3)
037460
033969
7.1
0.960
33.4
8.8
1.05
25 (-3.9)
047392
042976
9.1
0.950
40.7
8.9
1.07
23 (-5.0)
057102
051780
10.9
0.943
47.9
9.0
1.08
22 (-5.6)
066456
060263
12.7
0.933
55.2
9.1
1.09
20 (-6.7)
075743
068684
14.4
0.924
62.4
9.2
1.10
18 (-7.8)
084692
076799
16.1
0.917
69.7
9.3
1.11
16 (-8.9)
093582
084861
17.8
0.907
76.9
9.4
1.13
14 (-10.0)
102151
092631
19.5
0.898
84.2
9.5
1.14
18 (-7.8)
110671
100357
21.1
0.890
91.5
9.6
1.15
40 (4.4)
119013
107922
22.7
0.881
98.7
9.7
1.16
60 (15.6)
127054
115214
24.2
Table 1-3: Potassium chloride solution requirements. Dry potassium chloride can be
added to produce the required crystallization point (CP).
1-10
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Brine
density
at 70F
(21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
Fresh
water,
bbl
CaCl2, lb
0.998
3.8
8.4
1.01
0.997
8.2
8.5
1.02
0.994
13.4
8.6
0.991
18.7
0.987
11.6
lb/gal
CaCl2, bbl
31 (-0.6)
0.979
0.021
30 (-1.1)
0.948
0.052
1.03
29 (-1.7)
0.917
0.083
8.7
1.04
27 (-2.8)
0.887
0.113
24.2
8.8
1.05
25 (-3.9)
0.856
0.144
0.984
29.4
8.9
1.07
24 (-4.4)
0.826
0.174
0.980
35.1
9.0
1.08
22 (-5.6)
0.795
0.205
0.977
40.5
9.1
1.09
20 (-6.7)
0.765
0.235
0.972
46.2
9.2
1.10
18 (-7.8)
0.734
0.266
0.968
52.0
9.3
1.11
15 (-9.4)
0.703
0.297
0.963
57.8
9.4
1.13
13 (-10.6)
0.673
0.327
0.959
63.4
9.5
1.14
10 (-12.2)
0.642
0.358
0.954
69.3
9.6
1.15
7 (-13.9)
0.612
0.388
0.949
75.4
9.7
1.16
4 (-15.6)
0.581
0.419
0.944
81.5
9.8
1.17
0 (-17.8)
0.550
0.450
0.939
87.4
9.9
1.19
-4 (-20.0)
0.520
0.480
0.934
93.2
10.0
1.20
-9 (-22.8)
0.489
0.511
0.929
99.3
10.1
1.21
-13 (-25.0)
0.459
0.541
0.923
105.4
10.2
1.22
-18 (-27.8)
0.428
0.572
0.918
111.3
10.3
1.23
-23 (-30.6)
0.398
0.602
0.912
117.6
10.4
1.25
-29 (-33.9)
0.367
0.633
0.908
123.5
10.5
1.26
-36 (-37.8)
0.336
0.640
0.902
129.8
10.6
1.27
-43 (-41.7)
0.306
0.694
0.895
136.3
10.7
1.28
-51 (-46.1)
0.275
0.725
0.891
142.0
10.8
1.29
-57 (-49.4)
0.245
0.755
0.885
148.3
10.9
1.31
-35 (-37.2)
0.214
0.786
0.878
155.0
11.0
1.32
-19 (-28.3)
0.183
0.817
0.872
161.3
11.1
1.33
-6 (-21.1)
0.153
0.847
0.866
167.6
11.2
1.34
7 (-13.9)
0.122
0.878
0.859
174.1
11.3
1.35
19 (-7.8)
0.092
0.908
0.853
180.4
11.4
1.37
27 (-2.8)
0.061
0.939
0.846
186.9
11.5
1.38
36 (2.2)
0.031
0.969
0.840
193.2
11.6
1.39
44 (6.7)
---
1.000
Table 1-4: Calcium chloride solution requirements. Dry calcium chloride or calcium
chloride brine can be used to produce the required crystallization point (CP).
1-11
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Completion Fluids
Brine density at
70F (21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
0.999
2.1
8.4
1.01
31 (-0.6)
0.996
7.6
8.5
1.02
30 (-1.1)
0.992
13.7
8.6
1.03
29 (-1.7)
0.989
19.2
8.7
1.04
29 (-1.7)
0.984
25.0
8.8
1.05
28 (-2.2)
0.979
31.0
8.9
1.07
26 (-3.3)
0.975
36.7
9.0
1.08
25 (-3.9)
0.970
42.6
9.1
1.09
24 (-4.4)
0.966
48.3
9.2
1.10
23 (-5.0)
0.961
54.2
9.3
1.11
22 (-5.6)
0.956
60.2
9.4
1.13
21 (-6.1)
0.950
66.4
9.5
1.14
20 (-6.7)
0.946
72.0
9.6
1.15
19 (-7.2)
0.941
77.9
9.7
1.16
18 (-7.8)
0.937
83.6
9.8
1.17
16 (-8.9)
0.933
89.2
9.9
1.19
15 (-9.4)
0.927
95.4
10.0
1.20
14 (-10.0)
0.923
101.1
10.1
1.21
12 (-11.1)
0.918
107.1
10.2
1.22
11 (-11.7)
0.914
112.6
10.3
1.23
10 (-12.2)
0.910
118.2
10.4
1.25
8 (-13.3)
0.905
124.1
10.5
1.26
6 (-14.4)
0.900
130.2
10.6
1.27
5 (-15.0)
0.895
136.0
10.7
1.28
4 (-15.6)
0.891
141.7
10.8
1.29
2 (-16.7)
0.886
147.6
10.9
1.31
0 (-17.8)
0.882
153.3
11.0
1.32
-2 (-18.8)
0.877
159.2
11.1
1.33
-3 (-19.4)
0.872
165.1
11.2
1.34
-5 (-20.6)
0.867
171.1
11.3
1.35
-7 (-21.7)
0.862
177.0
11.4
1.37
-9 (-22.8)
0.857
183.0
11.5
1.38
-11 (-23.9)
0.853
188.6
11.6
1.39
-14 (-25.6)
0.847
194.8
11.7
1.40
Fresh water,
bbl
-16 (-26.7)
(continued on next page)
1-12
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Brine density at
70F (21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
0.844
200.2
11.8
1.41
-19 (-28.3)
0.839
206.2
11.9
1.43
-10 (-23.3)
0.834
212.0
12.0
1.44
6 (-14.4)
0.831
217.3
12.1
1.45
14 (-10.0)
0.825
223.6
12.2
1.46
27 (-2.8)
0.823
228.5
12.3
1.47
34 (1.1)
0.816
235.1
12.4
1.49
43 (6.1)
0.812
240.7
12.5
1.50
50 (10.0)
0.807
246.7
12.6
1.51
57 (13.9)
0.804
252.0
12.7
1.52
63 (17.2)
Fresh water,
bbl
Table 1-5: Sodium bromide solution requirements. Dry sodium bromide can be used to
produce the required crystallization point (CP).
1-13
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Completion Fluids
10 lb/gal
NaCl, bbl
12.3
lb/gal
NaBr, bbl
95%
NaBr, lb
Brine
density at
70F
(21C),
lb/gal
0.982
---
0.018
---
8.4
1.01
31 (-0.6)
0.957
---
0.043
---
8.5
1.02
30 (-1.1)
0.932
---
0.068
---
8.6
1.03
29 (-1.7)
0.907
---
0.093
---
8.7
1.04
29 (-1.7)
0.882
---
0.118
---
8.8
1.05
28 (-2.2)
0.856
---
0.144
---
8.9
1.07
26 (-3.3)
0.831
---
0.169
---
9.0
1.08
25 (-3.9)
0.806
---
0.194
---
9.1
1.09
24 (-4.4)
0.781
---
0.219
---
9.2
1.10
23 (-5.0)
0.756
---
0.244
---
9.3
1.11
22 (-5.6)
0.730
---
0.270
---
9.4
1.13
21 (-6.1)
0.705
---
0.295
---
9.5
1.14
20 (-6.7)
0.680
---
0.320
---
9.6
1.15
19 (-7.2)
0.655
---
0.345
---
9.7
1.16
18 (-7.8)
0.630
---
0.370
---
9.8
1.17
16 (-8.9)
0.605
---
0.395
---
9.9
1.19
15 (-9.4)
0.579
---
0.421
---
10.0
1.20
14 (-10.0)
---
0.957
0.043
---
10.1
1.21
25 (-3.9)
---
0.913
0.087
---
10.2
1.22
26 (-3.3)
---
0.870
0.130
---
10.3
1.23
26 (-3.3)
---
0.826
0.174
---
10.4
1.25
27 (-2.8)
---
0.782
0.218
---
10.5
1.26
27 (-2.8)
---
0.739
0.261
---
10.6
1.27
27 (-2.8)
---
0.696
0.304
---
10.7
1.28
28 (-2.2)
---
0.652
0.348
---
10.8
1.29
28 (-2.2)
---
0.609
0.391
---
10.9
1.31
29 (-1.7)
---
0.565
0.435
---
11.0
1.32
29 (-1.7)
---
0.522
0.478
---
11.1
1.33
29 (-1.7)
---
0.478
0.522
---
11.2
1.34
30 (-1.1)
---
0.435
0.565
---
11.3
1.35
30 (-1.1)
---
0.391
0.609
---
11.4
1.37
31 (-0.6)
---
0.348
0.652
---
11.5
1.38
31 (-0.6)
---
0.304
0.696
---
11.6
1.39
31 (-0.6)
Specific
gravity,
sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
1-14
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10 lb/gal
NaCl, bbl
12.3
lb/gal
NaBr, bbl
95%
NaBr, lb
Brine
density at
70F
(21C),
lb/gal
---
0.261
0.739
---
11.7
1.40
32 (0.0)
---
0.217
0.783
---
11.8
1.41
32 (0.0)
---
0.174
0.826
---
11.9
1.43
32 (0.0)
---
0.130
0.870
---
12.0
1.44
33 (0.6)
---
0.087
0.913
---
12.1
1.45
33 (0.6)
---
0.043
0.957
---
12.2
1.46
33 (0.6)
---
---
1.000
---
12.3
1.47
34 (1.1)
---
---
0.996
6.6
12.4
1.49
43 (6.1)
---
---
0.993
12.2
12.5
1.50
50 (10.0)
---
---
0.989
18.2
12.6
1.51
57 (13.9)
---
---
0.986
23.5
12.7
1.52
63
Specific
gravity,
sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
1-15
Chapter
Table of
Contents
Exit
Handbook
Table of
Contents
Index
Topic Page
Completion Fluids
Brine density at
70F (21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
0.822
197
11.7
1.40
-19 (-28.3)
0.817
203
11.8
1.41
-23 (-30.6)
0.811
210
11.9
1.43
-25 (-31.7)
0.806
216
12.0
1.44
-28 (-33.3)
0.801
222
12.1
1.45
-30 (-34.4)
0.795
228
12.2
1.46
-34 (-36.7)
0.790
233
12.3
1.47
-36 (-37.8)
0.784
240
12.4
1.49
-40 (-40.0)
0.778
247
12.5
1.50
-44 (-42.2)
0.773
252
12.6
1.51
-47 (-43.9)
0.767
259
12.7
1.52
-52 (-46.7)
0.762
265
12.8
1.53
-55 (-48.3)
0.756
272
12.9
1.55
-61 (-51.7)
0.750
277
13.0
1.56
-63 (-52.8)
0.746
282
13.1
1.57
-66 (-54.4)
0.739
290
13.2
1.58
-71 (-57.2)
0.732
298
13.3
1.59
-76 (-60.0)
0.728
302
13.4
1.61
-79 (-61.7)
0.723
308
13.5
1.62
-81 (-62.8)
0.717
315
13.6
1.63
-81 (-62.8)
0.711
322
13.7
1.64
-81 (-62.8)
0.704
328
13.8
1.65
-81 (-62.8)
0.699
334
13.9
1.67
-80 (-62.2)
0.692
342
14.0
1.68
-50 (-45.5)
0.687
348
14.1
1.69
-40 (-40.0)
0.681
354
14.2
1.70
5 (-15.0)
0.676
360
14.3
1.71
10 (-12.2)
0.669
368
14.4
1.73
23 (-5.0)
0.662
376
14.5
1.74
35 (1.7)
0.655
383
14.6
1.75
37 (2.8)
0.651
388
14.7
1.76
44 (6.7)
0.645
394
14.8
1.77
51 (10.6)
0.640
400
14.9
1.79
56 (13.3)
0.637
405
15.0
1.80
Fresh water,
bbl
60 (15.6)
(continued on next page)
1-16
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Index
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Table of
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Topic Page
Brine density at
70F (21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
0.632
410
15.1
1.81
65 (18.3)
0.626
415
15.2
1.82
70 (21.1)
0.621
421
15.3
1.83
76 (24.4)
0.616
427
15.4
1.85
79 (26.1)
0.611
433
15.5
1.86
81 (27.2)
Fresh water,
bbl
Table 1-7: Calcium bromide solution requirements. Dry calcium bromide can be used to
produce the required crystallization point (CP).
1-17
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Index
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Table of
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Topic Page
Completion Fluids
14.2 lb/gal
CaBr2, bbl
Sacked CaCl2
(94-97%), lb
Brine
density at
70F
(21C),
lb/gal
0.9714
0.0254
2.86
11.7
1.40
45 (7.2)
0.9429
0.0507
6.06
11.8
1.41
51 (10.6)
0.9143
0.0768
9.09
11.9
1.43
52 (11.1)
0.8857
0.1016
12.13
12.0
1.44
54 (12.2)
0.8572
0.1269
15.15
12.1
1.45
55 (12.8)
0.8286
0.1524
18.18
12.2
1.46
55 (12.8)
0.8000
0.1778
21.22
12.3
1.47
56 (13.3)
0.7715
0.2032
24.24
12.4
1.49
56 (13.3)
0.7429
0.2286
27.28
12.5
1.50
57 (13.9)
0.7143
0.2540
30.31
12.6
1.51
57 (13.9)
0.6847
0.2794
33.34
12.7
1.52
58 (14.4)
0.6472
0.3048
36.37
12.8
1.53
58 (14.4)
0.6286
0.3302
39.41
12.9
1.55
59 (15.0)
0.6000
0.3556
42.44
13.0
1.56
59 (15.0)
0.5714
0.3810
45.47
13.1
1.57
60 (15.6)
0.5429
0.4064
48.49
13.2
1.58
60 (15.6)
0.5143
0.4318
51.53
13.3
1.59
60 (15.6)
0.4857
0.4572
54.56
13.4
1.61
61 (16.1)
0.4572
0.4826
57.59
13.5
1.62
61 (16.1)
0.4286
0.5080
60.62
13.6
1.63
62 (16.7)
0.4000
0.5334
63.66
13.7
1.64
62 (16.7)
0.3714
0.5589
66.69
13.8
1.65
63 (17.2)
0.3429
0.5842
69.72
13.9
1.67
63 (17.2)
0.3143
0.6069
72.75
14.0
1.68
64 (17.8)
0.2857
0.6351
75.78
14.1
1.69
64 (17.8)
0.2572
0.6604
78.81
14.2
1.70
64 (17.8)
0.2286
0.6858
81.84
14.3
1.71
65 (18.3)
0.2000
0.7113
84.88
14.4
1.73
65 (18.3)
0.1715
0.7366
87.90
14.5
1.74
65 (18.3)
0.1429
0.7620
90.94
14.6
1.75
66 (18.9)
0.1143
0.7875
93.97
14.7
1.76
66 (18.9)
0.0858
0.8128
96.99
14.8
1.77
67 (19.4)
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
1-18
Exit
Chapter
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Index
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Table of
Contents
Topic Page
14.2 lb/gal
CaBr2, bbl
Sacked CaCl2
(94-97%), lb
Brine
density at
70F
(21C),
lb/gal
Specific
gravity, sg
CP
(LCTD)
F (C)
0.0572
0.8382
100.03
14.9
1.79
67 (19.4)
0.0286
0.8637
103.06
15.0
1.80
67 (19.4)
0.0000
0.8891
106.10
15.1
1.81
68 (20.0)
Solids-enhanced fluids
A solids-enhanced fluid is recommended for completion
or workover operations when the use of a clear brine
would result in the loss of large fluid volumes to the
formation.
The additive BARACARB is used to enhance
completion fluid systems. BARACARB, a sized
calcium carbonate, is acid-soluble. It can be used in
systems with densities from 9.0 to 14.5 lb/gal (1.08 to
1.74 sg). Table 1-9 outlines the formulations of sizedcalcium carbonate systems that contain BARACARB.
1-19
Exit
Chapter
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Table of
Contents
Index
Topic Page
Completion Fluids
Additive
Function
Brine (monovalent)
Density
As needed
BARAZAN D PLUS
Suspension
0.5-1 (1.4-3)
DEXTRID
Filtration
4-6 (11-17)
PAC-R
Filtration
1 (3)
Caustic potash
pH
0.05 (0.15)
BARACARB
Plugging
min. of 30 (86)
Contaminants
Contaminants that can affect completion and workover
fluids include:
C
C
C
C
C
C
Iron
Solids
Hardness
Oil, distillate, grease, and pipe dope
Polymers
Surfactants
1-20
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Iron
Index
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Table of
Contents
Topic Page
Solids
1-21
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Chapter
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Contents
Topic Page
Completion Fluids
Hardness
Oil, distillate,
grease, and
pipe dope
Polymers
Surfactants
Handling fluids
A completion or workover fluid should be protected
from contamination while the fluid is prepared,
transported, and used at the rig; any contamination can
have costly results. Some brines are quite corrosive to
the skin and eyes. All rig personnel who might come in
1-22
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Topic Page
Transporting
fluids
C
C
Preparing the
rig and rig
housekeeping
1-23
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Index
C
C
C
C
C
C
Topic Page
Completion Fluids
1-24
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Personal safety
1-25
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Topic Page
Completion Fluids
1-26