Noise

Noise Suppression
Suppression Technology
Technology
How to suppress Noise

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

Table of contents

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

[1] Basic knowledge

(1-1) The concept of EMC
(1-2) The propagation path & kind of noise
(1-3) The kind of conduction noise
(1-4) The kind of radiation noise
(1-5) Electrostatic & Electromagnetic combination

[2] The measure method

(2-1) Importance in a product development stage
(2-2) A fundamental method and a procedure
(2-3) Method 1 : Reexamination of GND arrangement
(2-4) Method 2 : Use of a electromagnetic shield
(2-5) Method 3 : Use of noise suppression devices
(ex.) The noise suppression effect by various Noise Filters

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

[1] Basic knowledge

(1-1) The concept of EMC
(1-2) The propagation path & kind of noise
(1-3) The kind of conduction noise
(1-4) The kind of radiation noise
(1-5) Electrostatic & Electromagnetic combination

[1] Basic knowledge

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(1-1) The concept of EMC

radiation

EMI

Emission

Noise

Electromagnetic

EMC

conduction

Interference
radiation

Electromagnetic
Compatibility

EMS
Electromagnetic

Immunity

Noise
conduction

Susceptibility

Noise generating factor

Inner factor

: Harmonic wave, Ringing, Mismatching reflection, Oscillation, Switching, etc.

External factor : Surge, Electrostatic discharge, Voltage change, Harmonic distortion, etc.

[1] Basic knowledge

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(1-2) The propagation Path & kind of noise

Noise propagation path

The kind of noise

B
Noise generating

Conduction

Noise receiving
equip. or circuit

equip. or circuit

noise

Normal mode noise

Common mode noise

A
Electrostatic

Propagation path

combination noise
A

Conductor

Radiation
B
C

Air
Conductor

noise

Electromagnetic
combination noise

Air
Emission noise

Air

Conductor

< Example >

Conductor : Cable, Circuit pattern
Air

: Radio wave,
Electrostatic & Electromagnetic combination

Differential mode
Common mode

[1] Basic knowledge

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(1-3) The kind of conduction noise

Normal mode noise

Common mode noise

electronic equip.

Power or

Noise current

Circuit

Signal

electronic equip.
Power or

Noise current

Circuit

Signal

source

Vn Noise

source

Vn

source

source
stray cap.

Ground

Noise current occurs in the same

course as Power or Signal sources
current.

Noise

stray cap.

Ground

Noise current occurs between loopline and the ground.

[1] Basic knowledge

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(1-4) The kind of radiation noise

Differential (normal) mode noise

Common mode noise

Unipole antenna

Electrical intensity (Ed)

Ed = Kd * ( ( A * ld * f2 ) / d ) [V/m]

IC
ln

Emission
noise

IC

Electrical intensity (Ec)

Ec = Kc * ( ( L * lg * f ) / d ) [V/m]

IC
IC

A : Area of an loop antenna

lg

Vg

L : Length of unipole antenna

ld : High frequency current

Loop antenna

f : Frequency of current

lg : High frequency current

Ground pattern

d : Distance from the radiation source

Circuit
Ground

Circuit

to a receiving antenna
Kd : Constant (2.63 * 10-14)
: Wavelength of high frequency current

Ground

f : Frequency of current
d : Distance from the radiation source
to a receiving antenna
Kc : Constant (1.26 * 10-6)
: Wavelength of high frequency current

l : Length of loop

*** When the following formula is materialized.

l < ( / 10 ) , ( / 2d ) << 1

*** When the following formula is materialized.

L < ( / 10 ) , ( / 2d ) << 1

[1] Basic knowledge

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(1-5) Electrostatic & Electromagnetic combination

Electrostatic combination noise

Electromagnetic combination noise

Cs

ln
magnetic flux

Signal or
Noise

Signal or

Rl

Vi

Vn

source

Noise

Rl

Vi

Vn

source

Cs

ln
Lm

Vi

Rl

Vn

Vn = 2
f Cs Rl Vi

Vi

Rl

Vn

Vn = 2
f Lm Rl ln

attention
Usually, electrostatic combination and electromagnetic combination lives together.
Keep in mind that a cross talk increases so that load impedance (Rl) is so large that the distance between 2 lines is near.

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

[2] The measure method

(2-1) Importance in a product development stage
(2-2) A fundamental method and a procedure
(2-3) Method 1 : Reexamination of GND arrangement
(2-4) Method 2 : Use of a electromagnetic shield
(2-5) Method 3 : Use of noise suppression devices
(ex.) The noise suppression effect by various Noise Filters

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(2-1) Importance in a product development stage

Relation between measure cost and design flexibility for Noise reduction

Large

Design flexibility
Measure cost

Small

develop
ment

design trial
ing
production

mass
production

Stage

Achievement of the optimal cost performance is expectable by

performing measure sufficient in a development stage.

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(2-2) A fundamental method and a procedure

Fundamental method
[1] Subject recognition to regulation
(development stage)

Procedure
Step
1

Measurement
Measurement of
of aa noise
noise level
level

Step
2

Investigation
Investigation of
of aa noise
noise generation
generation
source
source and
and aa propagation
propagation course
course

Step
3

Implementation
Implementation of
of
aa noise
noise suppression
suppression

Step
4

The
The check
check of
of an
an effect
effect

Step
5

The
The check
check of
of operation
operation of
of equip.
equip.

Suppression of noise generating

Suppression of noise propagation

[2] The measure method

(1) Reexamination of GND arrangement
(2) Use of a electromagnetic shield
(3) Use of noise suppression devices

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(2-3) Method 1 : Reexamination of GND arrangement

Relation between GND intensity
[1] Single-sided board

and a noise level

Test condition
GND intensity

PCB
Vcc

GND is extended.

Single-sided
board

: Single-sided board

Strong

: Double-sided board

IC

IC

[2] Double-sided board

Weak

GND

The whole back surface is GND.

[3] Multilayer board

The inner layer is GND.

Emission noise level [Db uV/m]

GND

Weak

Frequency (MHz)

Strong

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(2-4) Method 2 : Use of a electromagnetic shield

Reflection, Absorption

Reflection, Absorption

Noise generating

Noise receiving
equip. or circuit

equip. or circuit
Filter
Shield

A electromagnetic shield absorbs and reflects a radiation noise.

When a slit is in a shield, be careful of the following contents.
>>> The length of a slit becomes a slot-antenna to the frequency
of the wavelength used as the integral multiple of /4.

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(2-5) Method 3 : Use of noise suppression devices

1. Suppression by frequency ~ Harmonic noise suppression
Signal area

Noise area

EMI Filter
Inductors, Bead core

Voltage

Noise area

Voltage

Signal area

Capacitor
RC-networks, LC/LR-filter

Frequency

Frequency

2. Suppression by noise mode ~ Common mode noise suppression

Flux by Load current

Flux by Load current

Line Filter
load

Flux by Common mode current

Load current
Normal mode noise current

Load

Common mode noise filter

Flux by Normal mode current

Load current
Common mode noise current

Voltage

Voltage

3. Suppression by electricpotential ~ ESD & Surge noise Suppression

Time

Multilayer Varistor

VB

ZNR Transient/Surge Absorber

Time

[2] The measure method

Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd.

(ex.) The noise suppression effect by various Noise Filters

Comparison of the effect by various devices
Not use

(2) 3-Terminal Capacitor

(3) EMI Filters
~ 2Beads + 1Capacitor

(4) EMI Filters

Noise level (dB uV)

(1) Bead core

~ 2Coils + 1Capacitor

Frequency (MHz)

The measure effect changes with devices.

Therefore, please check a noise level and select an effective device.