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A.

#
p #
q
#
p + #
q

(m)


 =

d tot
t tot



 v avg =

m s1

s tot
t tot

t = 2 s
= 4 m s1

v avg = 4/2 = 2 m s1
+

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a=

v u
t

m s2

s = v avg t =

v = u + at

(u +v )
2

1
2
v 2 u 2 = 2as

s = ut + at 2

( ) s =
u+v
t
2

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v = > 0

v = < 0

a = > 0

a = < 0

(a = g = 9.81 m s2 )

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B.

CE-

- Q

CE-

- Q

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C.

(a) t = 0 30 s

(b) t = 0 30 s (i) (ii)

(4 )
(3 )

(a)

. t = 10 s
. s
. s t v t

80
= 8 m s1
10 0
40 80
v2 =
= 6 m s1
30 10
v1 =

(2A)

t = 0 10 s 8 m s

t = 10 30 s 6 m s

(b) (i)

= 40 m

t = 30 s s t

(ii)

(2 80) + 40
6.67 m s1
=
=
30

(1A)
(1A)
(1A)

(1M+1A)

t = 30 s

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30 m s1 80 m

v
t

(a)
(i)

(ii)

(1 )

(1 )

(b)

(c)

(1 )
(2 )

(a)

 t = 0 0.2 s
 t = 0.2 5 s

 = t = 0 0.2 s
 = t = 0.2 5 s

(i)

= (30)(0.2) = 6 m

(30)(5 0.2)
= 72 m
(ii) =
2
(b) = 6 + 72 = 78 m < 80 m

(c)

t = 0.2 5 s =

a=

0 30
= 6.25 m s2
5 0.2

(1A)

(1A)

(1M+1A)

(1A)

= 6.25 m s2

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90 m P Q

5 m s1

(a) P

(2 )

(b) P
(i)

(ii)

(2 )

(2 )

.
.
.
.

(a)

s u a

1
2

s = ut + at 2
1
90 = 0 + (9.81)t P2
2

(1M)

t P = 4.284 4.28 s

(b) (i)

(ii)

u a t

vQ = 5 + (9.81)(4.284) = 37.02 37.0 m s

1
2

1
sQ = (5)(4.284) + (9.81)(4.284)2 = 68.58 m
2

v 2 u 2 = 2as

v s
v = u + at

u a t v
s

s = ut + at 2

(37.02)2 52 = 2(9.81)sQ

(1M+1A)

Q 37.0 m s1

= 90 68.58 21.4 m

(1A)

v = u + at

t v
1
s = ut + at 2

(1M)

s = ut +

1 2
at v 2 u 2 = 2as
2

(1A)

sQ = 68.58 m

= 90 68.58 21.4 m

P Q

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A.

N
mg








F = f < f max

F f = f max

F = f
F < f
F > f

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R mg

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B.

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C.

3
F = ma

(a)

(b)

(3 )

(1 )

(a)

(2A)

F F

(b)

(1A)
(1A)

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500 g

(a)

(2 )

(b)
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

t = 0 1.0 s

t = 1.0 1.6 s

t = 1.6 2.0 s

(3 )

(a)

(2A)

(b)

T = mg =
.
.
.
.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

v t a
F = ma

a1 =

0.5 0
= 0.5 m s2
10

T1 mg = ma 1

a2 = 0
T2 mg = ma 2
a3 =

T1 = (0.5)(0.5 + 9.81) = 5.155 N

T2 = (0.5)(9.81) = 4.905 N

(1A)

T3 = (0.5)(1.25 + 9.81) = 4.28 N

(1A)

0 0.5
= 1.25 m s2
2 1.6

T3 mg = ma 3

(1A)

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600 g 2 s

10 m s
1

(a)

(3 )

(b) 2 s

(3 )

(c)
(i)

(ii)

(1 )

(1 )

(a)

(1A)

(1A)

(b)

(1A)

.
. F = ma
.

a =

v u 10 0
=
= 5 m s2
t
2

(1M)

F =

mg =

F mg = ma
F = ma + mg = (0.6)(5) + (0.6)(9.81) = 8.886 N

(c) (i)

(ii)

v = 0

(1A)

= 0 =

(1M+1A)

(1A)

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A.

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= F d = F sin
N m

mg

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B.

y
y

V a

AL-

- Q

A B C

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C.

i

1

3
F = ma

3
F = ma

A B C
C A B 6 kg C

4 kg 5 N
(a)

(b)

(2 )
(4 )

(a)

mC g f A f B = (m A + m B + mC )a

(4)(9.81) 5 5 = (6 + 6 + 4)a

a = 1.8275 m s2

(1M)
(1A)

(b) AT AB = A B

T AB f A = m A a

T AB 5 = (6)(1.8275)
T AB 16.0 N

(1M)
(1A)

CTBC = B C
mC g TBC = mC a
(4)(9.81) TBC = (4)(1.8275)

(1A)

C A B

TBC 31.9 N

(1M)

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F B A B 30
1 m s1 A B 250 g 500 g
(a) B R F
(b) A B f

(4 )
(2 )

(a)

.
.
.
.

F = ma

B B

R = B

Mg =

(M = m A + m B )
y

R M g cos 30 = 0

R = M g cos 30 = (0.25 + 0.5)(9.81) cos 30 6.37 N

x

(1M+1A)

F M g sin 30 = M a

F = M a + M g sin 30 = (0.25 + 0.5)(1) + (0.25 + 0.5)(9.81) sin 30 4.43 N

(1M+1A)

(b)

.
.
.
.

F = ma

B B

f B A = B A

m A g = A

R B A = B A
x

f B A m A g sin 30 = m A a

f B A = m A a + m A g sin 30 = (0.25)(1) + (0.25)(9.81) sin 30 1.48 N

(1M)

A B 1.48 Nx

(1A)

R f

R f ( = 0)

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2 kg

O A 12 N P B 4 N

Q O A 0.25 m

(a) OB

(2 )

(b) O

(2 )

(c) A B

(2 )

(a)

= 0

O
=
4dOB = (12)(0.25)

(b)

dOB = 0.75 m

= 0

T = 12 + 2 + 4 = 18 N

(1M)
(1A)

(1M+1A)

(c) A

(4)(0.25 + 0.75) + (2)(0.25) = TB (0.25 + 0.75)

TB = 4.5 N

(1A)

T A + TB = 18

T A = 18 4.5 = 13.5 N

(1A)

(a)

B
T A

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page

9

A.

W
W =

W = F s cos

= F -s

= 90 F s W = 0

(KE)
KE =
1
2

KE = mv 2

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(PE)
PE =

= KE + PE

PE = mg h

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EPE

EL

P
P =

P=

E W
=
t
t

W J s1
P =Fv

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B.

CE-

- Q

CE-

- Q

V v P = F v

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C.

0.5 kg 2 m s1

A B C D A
D 2 m 1 m

(a) A C

(b) A D
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(3 )

(1 )

(1 )

(1 )

(a)

 A B PE KE
 B C KE PE

A B

(1A)

B C

(1A)

(1A)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

1
1
1
= mv A 2 mv D 2 = (0.5)(2)2 0 = 1 J
2
2
2

= mg (h A hD ) = (0.5)(9.81)(2 1) = 4.905 J

= + = 4.095 + 1 = 5.905 J

(1A)
(1A)
(1A)

1
1
1
m(v A v D )2 = mv A 2 mv D 2
2
2
2

F AD
W = F s
C

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250 kg 20 m

30 kg 2 m

(a)

(b)

(2 )
(2 )

(a)

v 2 u 2 = 2as

=
1
v 2 =
g h 1
M
M

2
1 2
v = (9.81)(20)
2

v 19.8 m s1

(b)

(1M)
(1A)

19.8 m s1

F
F = +
F s = [M g (h 1 + h 2 ) + mg h 2 ] + 0
F (2) = (250)(9.81)(20 + 2) + (30)(9.81)(2)

F 27 300 N

(1M)
(1A)

( v 2 h )

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10 m s1
20 N 100 kg

(a)

(2 )

(b)

(c) 5 s 10 m s

(1 )

20 m s
1

(4 )

(a)

v F P = F v P

P = F v = (20)(10) = 200 W

(b)

(c)

P =

(1M+1A)
(1A)

W
Fs
=
P
t
t

a=

v u 20 10
=
= 2 m s2
t
5

F = f =

F f = ma

F = ma + f = (100)(2) + 20 = 220 N

1
1
s = ut + at 2 = (10)(5) + (2)(5)2 = 75 m
2
2

(1M)

(1M)

P=

F s (220)(75)
W
=
=
= 3300 W
t
t
5

(a)

(1M+1A)

a = 0 F = f =
P v

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10

A.

p
p = mv

kg m s1

F = ma = m

(v u )
t

mv mu
t

= F t

= F t

p = mv mu = F t

N s kg m s1

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=
m A u A + mB uB = m A v A + mB v B

= (4)(2) + (3)(2) = 2 kg m s1
= (4)(1) + (3)(2) = 2 kg m s1




 v


= =

= >

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10

A B B x

uB = 0 m A = mB A +B = 90
B

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B.

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10

C.

1600 kg

F t
(a)

(2 )

(b)

(2 )

(c)
F t

(2 )

(a)

= F t

1
2

(3 0.5)(1.8 104 ) = 22 500 kg m s1

0

v mu = 22 500
m
1600u = 22 500

u 14.1 m s1

14.1 m s
1

(b) =
(c)

22 500
=
= 9000 N
3 0.5

(1M)
(1A)

(1M+1A)

A
A
(2A)

(b)

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2 kg 100 g

150 m s1

(a)
(i)

(ii)

(2 )

(b)

(2 )
(3 )

AL-

- B Q (b)

(a)

(i)

(1A)

(ii)

(1A)

(1A)

(1A)

(b)

m A u A + m B u B = (m A + m B )v
(0.1)(150) + 0 = (0.1 + 2)v

v = 7.143 m s1

1
2
1
= (0.1 + 2)(7.143)2
2

(1M)

= = (m A + m B )v 2

= 53.57 53.6 J

(b)

(1M)
(1A)

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10

1.5 kg

0.5 kg 2 m s1

15 2 m s1
30 0.02 s

(a)

(3 )

(b)

(2 )

(c)

(2 )

(a)

x y

x
m A u A = m A v A cos A + m B v B cos B
(1.5)(2) = (1.5)v A cos 15 + (0.5)(2) cos 30
v A = 1.473 1.47 m s

(1M)
(1A)

1.47 m s1

(b)
F=

(c)

m B v B m B u B (0.5)(2) 0
=
= 50 N
t
0.02

50 N

(1M)
(1A)

0
1
1
1

2
= (1.5)(2)2 = 3 J
u B
= m A u A 2 + mB
2
2
2

(1M)

1
1
1
1
= m A v A 2 + m B v B 2 = (1.5)(1.473)2 + (0.5)(2)2 2.63 J
2
2
2
2

(1M)
(1A)

30

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page

11

A.

v x

a y = g

 x = ux t

 y = u y t + (g )t 2

 v x = ux

 v y = u y + (g )t

x y

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page

11

T
 0 = u y + (g )
2
( )
T
uy = g
2

 0 u y 2 = 2(g )H
u y 2 = 2g H

(90 )

 R = ux T
R=

uy = g

T
2

2u x u y
g

 = 45

60 = 90 30

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B.

V F

AL-

- Q

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11

C.

A B
2 m C
h A 1 m

(a) B

(b)

(c) h

(2 )
(2 )
(2 )

(a)

(b)

1
mg h
mv2 =

p
v = 2g h = 2(9.81)(1) = 4.429 4.43 m s1

x = ux t

T =

x
2
=
= 0.4515 0.452 s
u x 4.429
1
y = u y t + (g )t 2
2

(c)

1
y = 0 + (9.81)(0.4515)2 = 1 m
2

h=1m

+x

(1M+1A)

(1M)

+y

B u y = 0 = 4.43 m s1

(1A)

(1M+1A)

( u y > 0)

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10 m s1 30 5 m A

B 5 m C D E

(a) B

(b) B D

(c) E

(3 )
(3 )
(2 )

(a) A

+x

u x = u cos = 10 cos 30 = 8.660 m s

(1M)

+y

B C

v y 2 u y 2 = 2(g )s
0 u y 2 = 2(9.81)(5)
u y = 9.905 m s1

(1M)

B
u=

ux 2 + u y 2 =

p
8.6602 + 9.9052 = 13.16 13.2 m s1

(1A)

(b) B D

1
y = u y t + (g )t 2
2

1
0 = 9.905t + (9.81)t 2
2

t = 1.421 1.42 s

x = u x t = (8.660)(1.421) 12.3 m

(1M)
(1M+1A)

(c)

A C = 0

C E = 0

A C = C E
1
1
m g hC
m g hE
mv A2
m vC 2 =

2
2
1
1
(102 ) (8.6602 ) = (9.81)(5) (9.81)(h E )
2
2

h E 3.73 m

t = 0

(1M)
(1A)

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11

(a) A 20 m s1 40 B 38 m

(i)

(ii)

(2 )

(3 )

(b) B 16 m s1 1.8 m
B

(2 )

(a) (i)

v y 2 u y 2 = 2(g )s
0 (20 sin 40 )2 = 2(9.81)H

(ii)

H 8.42 m

(1M)

+x

+y

(1A)

x = ux t
38 = (20 cos 40 )t
t = 2.480 2.48 s

(1M)

1
y = u y t + (g )t 2
2

1
= (20 sin 40 )(2.480) + (9.81)(2.480)2
2

(b)

1.71 m

(1M)
(1A)

1
1
2
2
1 2 1
(9.81)(1.8) = u (16)2
2
2

mu2
mv2
mg h =

u 17.1 m s1

(1M)
(1A)

A 50 (a)(ii)

(90 )

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page

12

A.

s
r

rad

x
180

1
12

1
8

1
6

1
4

1
2

30

45

60

90

180

360

rad s1 s1

T =

2
T

v
r

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page

12

a
a =

a=

m s2

a=

v2
= r 2
r

F
F =

F = ma =

mv 2
= mr 2
r

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B.

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page

12

C.

= mv 2 /r

mr 2

1200 kg 25 m s1 200 m

(4 )

R = mg =
& .

(1A)

= mv 2 /r
= 0

mv 2
r

(1)

(1M)

R cos = mg

(2)

(1M)

R sin =

R sin

( )/( ):

R cos

tan =

mv2
1

mg
r

tan =

252
v2
=
g r (9.81) (200)

17.7

(1A)

sin
cos

v = 25 m s1 g = 9.81 m s2 r = 200 m

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page

0.2 kg

0.8 m 30

(4 )

T = mg =
& .

= mv 2 /r
= 0

L sin

r 2
T sin = m

T = mL2

(1)

(1M)

T cos mg = 0

T cos = mg

(2)

(1M)

( )/( ):

T
T cos

g = 9.81 m s2 L = 0.8 m
= 30m = 0.2 kg

m L2

mg

g
=
L cos

9.81
0.8 cos 30

= 3.763 3.76 rad s1

T = mL2 = (0.2) (0.8) (3.763)2 2.27 N

(1A)
(1A)

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page

13

A.

F=

GMm
r2

G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2

g =

g=

F
GM
= 2
m
r

N kg1

G M m mv 2
GMm
=
= mr 2

r2
r
r2

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B.

V r

g = 9.81 m s2

V r

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page

13

C.

1000 kg

(a)
3.82 108 m

(i)

(ii)

(2 )

(1 )

(b) 100 m 20 m s1

(3 )

= 5.97 1024 kg = 7.35 1022 kg

= 1.74 106 m

(a) (i)

FE =

G M E m (6.67 1011 ) (5.97 1024 ) 1000

= 10.92 N
=
r2
[0.5 (3.82 108 )]2

FM =

G M M m (6.67 1011 ) (7.35 1022 ) 1000

=
= 0.1344 N
r2
[0.5 (3.82 108 )]2

(1M)

(ii)
(b)

(1M)

F = F E F M = 10.92 0.1344 10.8 N

(1A)

gM =

G MM
RM

(6.67 1011 ) (7.35 1022 )

(1.74 106 )2

1
2

= 1.619 m s2

(1M)

s = ut + at 2
1
100 = 20t + (1.619)t 2
2

t 4.26 s

28.8 s

(b)

(1M+1A)

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page

24

= 6.37 106 m

(a)

(b)

(c)

(2 )

(1 )
(4 )

(a)

(2A)

(b)

(c)

(1A)

GMm
= mr 2
r2
( )2
2
G M
m
mr
=
r2
T
)1
(
GMT 2 3
r=
42

(1M)

g=

GM
RE 2

g RE 2 T 2
r=
42
(

G M = g RE 2

) 31 [

(1M)

(9.81)(6.37 106 )2 (24 60 60)2

42

] 31

= 4.222 107 m

h = r R E = (4.222 10 ) (6.37 10 ) 3.59 10 m

7

(M )

(1M)
(1A)

12
T r