Welcome to:

Trasnfer Skill Systems Storage

Agenda:

( Agenda times are just estimates )

Day1
Unit 1: (1:30)
(1:30)

Systems Storage Review Concepts

Exercise1

Day2
Unit 2: (1:00)

Performance Review

(0:30)

Exercise2

(1:00)

Systems Error Log Review

(0:30)

Exercise2
3.1
3.1

Unit Objectives
After completing this unit, you should be able to:

Describe the terminology and concepts associated with:

Physical Volumes
Volume Groups
Logical Volumes
Physical Partitions
Logical Partitions
Describe how file systems and logical volumes are
related

Components of AIX Storage

Files
Directories
File Systems
Logical Storage
Physical Storage
Logical Volume Manager

Traditional UNIX Disk Storage

Partition 3

Partition 1

Partition 2

Free space

Free space

PROBLEMS:
Fixed partitions
Expanding size of the partition
Limitation on size of a file system and a file
Contiguous data requirement
Time and effort required in planning ahead
Copyright IBM Corporation 2004

Benefits of the LVM

Logical volumes solve noncontiguous space problems
Logical volumes can span disks
Dynamically increase and decrease logical volume size
Logical volumes can be mirrored
Hard disks easily added to a system
Logical volumes can be relocated
Volume group and logical volume statistics can be collected

These tasks can be performed dynamically!

Physical Storage
Volume
Group A

PV1

Volume
Group B

PV2

PV3

PV4

PV5

PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
Physical
Partitions:
4 MB Default size
1016 max per PV
(on a 4 GB disk)

PP5
PP
PP

PPn

Physical
Volume
/dev/hdiskn

Volume Groups
rootvg
PV1

datavg
PV2

PV4

New PVs:
Add to existing VGs
Create new VG

Why create new volume groups?

Separate user data from operating system files
Disaster recovery
Data portability
Data integrity and security

PV3

Volume Group Descriptor Area

One disk VG

VGDA
VGDA

Two disk VG

VGDA
VGDA

Three disk or more

VG

VGDA
VGDA

VGDA

VGDA

VGDA

Volume Group Limits

VG Type

Maximum
PVs

Maximum
LVs

Maximum
PPs per VG

Maximum
PP size

Normal
(mkvg)

32

256

32512
(1016*32)

1 GB

BIG VG
(mkvg -B)

128

512

130048
(1016*128)

1 GB

Scalable VG
(mkvg -S)

1024

4096

2097152

128 GB

Logical Storage
Physical Volumes
1
7
13
19
25
31
35
41
47

2
8
14
20
26
32
36
42

3
9
15
21
27
33
37
43

48

49

4
10

7
13
19
25
31
35
41
47

16
22
28
34
38
44
50

2
8
14
20
26
32
36
42

3
9
15
21
27
33
37
43

48

49

4
10
16
22
28
34
38
44
50

Logical Volume Manager

Logical
Volume

4 5

Logical
Volume

9 10 .

Logical
Partitions

.n

Uses of Logical Volumes

A logical volume may contain one of the following, and only one at a
time:
Journaled or Enhanced journaled file system (for example:
/dev/hd4)
Paging space (/dev/hd6)
Journal log (/dev/hd8)
Boot Logical Volume (/dev/hd5)
Nothing (raw device)

What Is a File System?

A file system is:
Method of storing data
Hierarchy of directories
Four types supported:
Journaled File System (jfs)
Enhanced Journaled File System (jfs2)
CD-ROM File System (cdrfs)
Network File System (nfs)
Different file systems are connected together via directories to form
the view of files users see

VOLUME GROUP
Logical Volume

Logical Volume

File System

File System

Directory

Directory

File

File

Why Have File Systems?

Can strategically place it on disk for improved performance
Some tasks are performed more efficiently on a file system than on
each directory within the file system, for example, back up, move,
secure an entire file system
Can limit disk usage of users by file system (quotas)
Maintain integrity of the entire file system structure, for example, if
one file system is corrupted, the others are not affected
Special security situations
Organize data and programs into groups for ease of file
management and better performance

Standard File Systems in AIX

hd4
/ (root)

home

sbin

hd1

/
bin

lib

usr

lpp

bin

dev

var

hd2

hd9var

lib lpp share sbin

spool adm

mnt

opt

hd10opt

/
tmp

NOTE: The drawing depicts logical not physical devices

etc tmp

hd3

Mount
mount: the glue that logically connects file systems to the directory
hierarchy
File systems are associated with devices represented by special
files in /dev - the logical volume
When a file system is mounted, the logical volume and its contents
are connected to a directory in the hierarchical tree structure

# mount

/dev/lv00

What to
mount

/home/patsie

Where to
mount it

Listing File Systems

Example 1
# lsfs

Nodename
Name
-/dev/hd4
/dev/hd2
-/dev/hd9var
--/dev/hd3
/proc
-/dev/hd10opt -/dev/hd1
-/dev/lv00
--

Mount Pt
VFS
Size
/
jfs
65536
2031616
/usr
jfs
65536
/var
jfs
/tmp
jfs
131072
procfs -/proc
jfs
65536
/opt
/home
jfs2
65536
/home/john jfs2
65536

Options Auto Accounting

-yes no
-yes no
-yes no
yes no
--yes no
yes no
-yes no
--yes no

Listing Logical Volume Example 2

List all Logical Volumes by Volume Group:
# lsvg -l rootvg

MOUNT POINT

LVNAME

TYPE

LPs

PPs

PVs

LV STATE

hd6

paging

64

64

open/syncd

N/A

hd5

boot

closed/syncd

N/A

hd8

jfslog

open/syncd

N/A

hd4

jfs

open/syncd

hd2

jfs

156

156

open/syncd

/usr

hd9var

jfs

open/syncd

/var

hd3

jfs

open/syncd

/tmp

hd1

jfs2

open/syncd

/home

lv00

jfs2

open/syncd

/home/john

 Relationated commands

lsvg l rootvg
lsvg p rootvg
lsvg o
lsvg
df
lsvg o | lsvg il
lspv
lsdev Ccdisk
lsdev Ccadapter
lspv hdisk(x)

Practical Exercise

lsvg l rootvg
lsvg p rootvg
lsvg o

( Despliega los lvs del vg rootvg )

( Despliega los discos del rootvg )
( Despliega vgs activos )
( Despliega vgs inactivos de data )
( Despliega estado de filesystems )
( Despliega estructura de datos )
( Despliega discos del sistema )
( Despliega tipos de discos )
( Despliega adaptadores de sistema )
( Propiedades del disco )

hlsvg
lsvg o | lsvg il
lspv
lsdev Ccdisk
df
lsdev -Ccdapter
lspv hdisk (x ) x: numero lgico del disco