Karl Lagerfeld

Karl Lagerfeld (born Karl Otto Lagerfeldt, 10

September 1933) is a German fashion designer, artist,
and photographer based in Paris. He is the head designer
and creative director of the fashion house Chanel as well
as the Italian house Fendi and his own label fashion house.
Over the decades, he has collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects. He is well recognized around
the world for his trademark white hair, black glasses, and
high starched collars.[5]

1962, reporters began referring to him as Karl Lagerfelt or Karl Logerfeld. The rst collection was poorly
received. Carrie Donovan, an American fashion journalist, wrote that the press booed the collection. The
UPI noted: The rms brand new designer, 25-year old
Roland Karl, showed a collection which stressed shape
and had no trace of last years sack. The reporter went
on to say: A couple of short black cocktail dresses were
cut so wide open at the front that even some of the women
reporters gasped. Other cocktail and evening dresses feature low, low-cut backs. Most interestingly, Karl said
that his design silhouette for the season was called by the
1 Early life
letter K for Karl, which was translated into a straight
line in front, curved in at the waist in the back, with a low
Lagerfeld was born in Hamburg. He has claimed he fullness to the skirt.
was born in 1938 to Elisabeth of Germany (18971978, His skirts for the spring 1960 season were the shortest
ne Bahlmann) and Otto Ludwig Lagerfeldt from Swe- in Paris, and the collection was not well received. Carden. [6] He is known to insist that no one knows his real rie Donovan wrote that it looked like clever and imbirth date; interviewed on French television in February mensely salable ready-to-wear, not couture. For his late
2009, Lagerfeld said that he was born neither in 1933 1960 collection, he designed special little hats, pancake
nor 1938.[7] In April 2013 he nally declared that he shaped circles of satin, which hung on the cheek. He
was born in 1935.[8] A birth announcement was, how- called them slaps in the face. Karls collection was said
ever, published by his parents in 1933, and the baptismal to be well received but not groundbreaking. I became
register in Hamburg also lists him as born in that year.[9] bored there, too, and I quit and tried to go back to school,
His older sister, Martha Christiane (a.k.a. Christel), was but that didn't work, so I spent two years mostly on
born in 1931. Lagerfeld has an older half-sister, Thea, beachesI guess I studied life."' In 1963, he began defrom his fathers rst marriage. His original name was signing for Tiziani, a Roman couture house founded that
Lagerfeldt (with a t), but he later changed it to Lager- year by Evan Richards (b. 1924) of Jacksboro, Texas.
feld as, in his words, it sounds more commercial.[10]
It began as couture and then branched out into ready-toPurportedly, he grew up as the son of a businessman wear, bearing the label Tiziani-RomaMade in Engat Carnation Company. His family was mainly shielded land. Lagerfeld and Richards sketched the rst collection
from the deprivations of World War II due to his fa- in 1963 together. When they wound up with 90 outts,
thers business interests in Germany through the rm Tiziani threw caution and invitations to the winds, borGlcksklee-Milch GmbH.[11][12] His father was in San rowed Catherine the Great's jewels from Harry Winston,
Francisco during the 1906 earthquake.[13] His mother is and opened his salon with a three-night wingding, acfrom Berlin;[14] according to Alicia Drake, she was a lin- cording to one report in 1969. Lagerfeld designed for the
gerie saleswoman there when she met her husband and company until 1969. Elizabeth Taylor was a fan of the
label; she referred to Evan as Evan Tiziani, which was, of
married him in 1930.
course, not his family name, and began wearing the outAfter attending a private school, Lagerfeld nished his ts in August 1966. Gina Lollobrigida, Doris Duke, and
secondary school at the Lyce Montaigne in Paris, where Princess Marcella Borghese were also customers while
he majored in drawing and history.[15]
Lagerfeld was designing the line. He was replaced in
Lagerfeld was hired as Pierre Balmains assistant after 1969 with Guy Douvier (19281993).
winning the coats category in a design competition spon- Lagerfeld began to freelance for French fashion house
sored by the International Wool Secretariat in 1955. In Chlo in 1964, at rst designing a few pieces each sea1958, after three years at Balmain, he moved to Jean son. As more and more pieces were incorporated, he
Patou where he designed two haute couture collections soon designed the entire collection. In 1970, he also
a year for ve years. His rst collection was shown in a began a brief design collaboration with Roman hautetwo-hour presentation in July 1958, but he used the name couture house Curiel; its head was Gigliola Curiel, who
Roland Karl, rather than Karl Lagerfeld. Although, in
1

2 INTERNATIONAL FAME (1982PRESENT)

died in November 1969. Lagerfelds rst collection there

was described as having a drippy drapey elegance designed for a 1930s cinema queen. The Curiel mannequins all wore identical, short-cropped blonde wigs. He
also showed black velvet shorts, worn under a black velvet
ankle-length cape.
His Chlo collection for spring 1973 (shown in October 1972) garnered headlines for oering something both
high fashion and high camp. He showed loose Spencer
jackets and printed silk shirt-jackets. He designed something he called a surprise skirt, which was in an anklelength, pleated silk, so loose that it hid the fact it was actually pants. It seems that wearing these skirts is an extraordinary sensation, he told a reporter at the time. He
also designed a look inspired by Carmen Miranda, which
consisted of mini-bra dresses with very short skirts, and
long dresses with bra tops and scarf shawls.
From 1972, he collaborated with Italian fashion house
Fendi, designing furs, clothing, and accessories.
Starting in the 1970s, Lagerfeld has occasionally worked
as a costume designer for theatrical productions. He
collaborated with stage directors such as Luca Ronconi
and Jrgen Flimm, and designed for theaters such as La
Scala in Milan (Les Troyens by Hector Berlioz, 1980; directed by Ronconi), the Burgtheater in Vienna (Komdie
der Verfhrung by Arthur Schnitzler, 1980; directed by
Horst Zankl), and the Salzburg Festival (Der Schwierige Lagerfeld at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival
by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, 1990; directed by Flimm).

International
present)

fame

(1982

Diesel for this collaboration is a great gift and acknowledgement of our reputation as the prt--porter of casual
wear.[17]

Lagerfeld designed the costumes for the Carmen sequences in the 2002 lm Callas Forever; in 2004, some
At the time, he was maintaining a design contract with outts for singer Madonna for her Re-Invention tour, and
Japanese rm Isetan to create collections for both men recently outts for Kylie Minogue's Showgirl tour.
and women through 30 licenses, had a lingerie line in the
Lagerfeld collaborated with H&M, which, on 12 NovemU.S. produced by Eve Stillmann, was designing shoes for
Charles Jourdan and sweaters for Ballantyne, and worked ber 2004, oered a limited range of Lagerfeld clothes for
men and women, in certain outlets. Only two days after
with Trevira as a fashion adviser.
having supplied its outlets, H&M announced that almost
In 2002, Karl Lagerfeld asked Renzo Rosso, the founder all the clothes were sold out. However, Lagerfeld has
of Diesel, to collaborate with him on a special denim expressed some fear that working with lower-end brands
collection for the Lagerfeld Gallery.[16] The collection, will taint his image; although, in the past he has worked
Lagerfeld Gallery by Diesel, was co-designed by Lager- closely with the hosiery designer Wolford.
feld and then developed by Diesels creative team, under the supervision of Rosso. It consisted of ve pieces Lagerfeld is also a photographer. He produced Visionthat were presented during the designers catwalk shows aire 23: The Emperors New Clothes, a series of nude
during Paris Fashion Week[17] and then sold in highly pictures of models and celebrities. He also personally
limited editions at the Lagerfeld Galleries in Paris and photographed Mariah Carey for the cover of V magazine
Monaco and at the Diesel Denim Galleries in New York in 2005. In addition to his editorial work for Harpers
and Tokyo. During the rst week of sales in New York, Bazaar, Numro, and Russian and German editions of
more than 90% of the trousers were sold out, even though Vogue, Lagerfeld photographs advertising campaigns for
prices ranged from $240 to $1,840.[18] In a statement af- the houses under his directionChanel, Fendi, and his
ter the show in Paris, Rosso said: I am honored to have eponymous line.
met this fashion icon of our time. Karl represents creativ- In the 1980s, Hans Christian Andersen tale The Emity, tradition and challenge, and the fact that he thought of perors New Clothes was published with drawings by

3
Lagerfeld.

On 10 November 2010, Lagerfeld and Swedish crystal manufacturer Orrefors announced a collaboration to
design a crystal art collection.[24] The rst collection
was launched in spring 2011, called Orrefors by Karl
Lagerfeld.[25]

The designer was also the subject of French reality-TV

series Sign Chanel in 2005. It covered the creation of
his fall/winter 20042005 Chanel couture collection and
aired on Sundance Channel in the United States during
the fall of 2006.
Lagerfelds apartment in Paris was published in the
French issue of Architectural Digest in May 2012.[26]
He has also supported and encouraged the work of upand-coming designers including Philip Colbert of Rod- He also revealed his vast collection of Suzanne Belperron's pins and brooches and used the color of one of her
nik.
blue chalcedony rings as the starting point for the Chanel
On 18 December 2006, Lagerfeld announced the launch spring/summer 2012 collection.[27]
of a new collection for men and women dubbed K Karl
Lagerfeld, which included tted T-shirts and a wide range In 2013, he directed the short lm Once Upon a Time...
in the Cit du Cinma, Saint-Denis, by Luc Besson, feaof jeans.[19]
turing Keira Knightley in the role of Coco Chanel and
Lagerfeld has signed a deal with Dubai Innity Holdings Clotilde Hesme as her aunt Adrienne Chanel.
(DIH); an investments enterprise that focuses on rst-ofIn 2014, an auction house in Florida announced that many
its-kind projects in non-conventional growth sectors, in
for the House of Tiziani in
line with its mandate to full unmet market needs. Lager- of Lagerfelds early sketches
Rome would be sold.[28][29]
feld is to design limited edition homes on Isla Moda, the
worlds rst dedicated fashion island, The World. This
is a collaboration between Dubai Innity Holdings and
Lagerfeld across the Cooperative Council of Arab States 3 Controversies
and India.
A feature-length documentary lm on the designer, In 1993, he caused U.S. Vogue editor-in-chief Anna WinLagerfeld Condential, was made by Vogue in 2007.
tour to walk out of his Milan Fashion Week runway
Lagerfeld is the host of ctional radio station K109The show, when he employed strippers and adult-lm star
Moana Pozzi to model his black-and-white collection for
Studio in videogame Grand Theft Auto IV.[20]
Fendi.[30]
In 2008, he created a teddy bear in his likeness produced
by Stei in an edition of 2,500 that sold for $1,500.[21] There was much controversy from Lagerfelds use of a
and has been immortalized in many forms, which include verse from the Qur'an in his spring 1994 couture colpins, shirts, dolls, and more. In 2009, Tra Tutti began lection for Chanel, despite apologies from the designer
selling Karl Lagermouse and Karl Lagerfelt, which are and the fashion house. The controversy erupted after the
mini-Lagerfelds in the forms of mice and nger puppets, 1994 couture show in Paris, when the Indonesian Muslim
Scholars Council in Jakarta called for a boycott of Chanel
respectively.[22]
and threatened to le formal protests with the government
of Mr. Lagerfelds homeland, Germany. The designer
apologized, explaining that he had taken the design from
a book about the Taj Mahal, thinking the words came
from a love poem.[31]
Lagerfeld was the target of a pieing by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2001 at a fashion
premiere at Lincoln Center in New York City. The tofu
pies hurled by animal rights activists in protest of his use
of fur within his collections, however went astray and hit
Calvin Klein. A PETA spokesperson described the hit on
Klein as "friendly re, calling Klein, who doesn't use fur,
a great friend to the animals and Lagerfeld a designer
dinosaur, who continues to use fur in his collections.[32]
Lagerfeld with Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene of
Monaco, 2011

On 10 September 2010, the Couture Council of The Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology presented
Lagerfeld with an award created for him, The Couture
Council Fashion Visionary Award, at a benet luncheon
at Avery Fisher Hall, New York.[23]

Lagerfeld is attempting to defend the fur industry and the

use of fur in fashion. He himself doesn't wear fur and
hardly eats meat. In a BBC interview in 2009, he claimed
that hunters make a living having learnt nothing else than
hunting, killing those beasts who would kill us if they
could and maintained: In a meat-eating world, wearing leather for shoes and clothes and even handbags, the
discussion of fur is childish. Spokespersons for PETA

called Lagerfeld a fashion dinosaur who is as out of step

as his furs are out of style.[33] and particularly delusional with his kill-or-be-killed mentality. When was
the last time a persons life was threatened by a mink or
rabbit?"[34]
In 2010, PETA cites Lagerfeld, who used fake fur in his
2010 Chanel collection, on its website as saying: Its
the triumph of fake fur because fake fur changed so
much and became so great now that you can hardly see a
dierence.[35]

REFERENCES

ment in the Rue de l'Universite in Paris, decorated in the

Art Deco style, from the 1970s to 2000 the 18th-century
Chateau de Penhot in Brittany, decorated in the Rococo
style, from the early 1980s an apartment in Monte Carlo
decorated until 2000 in 1980s Memphis style, from the
mid-1990s to 2000 Villa Jako in Blankenese in Hamburg,
decorated in the Art Deco style, from the 1990s to 2000
the Villa La Vigie in Monaco, between the 1980s and
the 2000s he rented a 17th-century mansion (htel particulier) in the Rue de l'Universite in Paris, decorated in
the Rococo and other styles, from 2006 to 2012 an apartment in Manhattan in New York (but never moved into
or decorated it), 1990s2006 the summer villa El Horria
in Biarritz, decorated in the modern style, and from the
2000s on a house dating from the 1840s in Vermont in
the US. Since 2007 Lagerfeld has owned a 1820s house
in Paris in Quai Voltaire decorated in modern and Art
Deco style.[45]

Lagerfeld in 2009 joined critics of supermodel Heidi

Klum. After German designer Wolfgang Joop called
Klum, who had posed naked on the cover of the German
edition of GQ magazine, as being[36] no runway model.
She is simply too heavy and has too big a bust.[37] Lagerfeld retorted that neither he nor Claudia Schier knew
Klum as she has never worked in Paris and is insignicant in the world of high fashion, being more bling bling
Lagerfeld owns a red point Birman cat named Choupette,
and glamorous than current fashion.[38]
which, on 1 June 2013, he indicated he would marry,
Lagerfeld created an international furore on 9 February were it legal.[46]
2012, when he called the singer Adele a little too fat.[39]
This caused instant fury throughout the United Kingdom, and Lagerfeld responded with a statement of apol6 References
ogy. Adele hit back by saying she is like the majority of
women, and she is very proud of that fact.[40][41] Lager[1] Karl Lagerfeld Biograe WHO'S WHO.
feld later caused another controversy, on 31 July 2012,
Whoswho.de. 10 September 1938. Retrieved 26
when he criticized Pippa Middleton, sister of Catherine,
April 2012.
Duchess of Cambridge, for her looks. The comment was
made when Lagerfeld was praising Catherine, Duchess [2] Karl Lagerfeld: Der Strichjunge von Chanel
Lifestyle. Stern.De. 3 May 2005. Retrieved 26 April
of Cambridge, for her romantic beauty before adding:
2012.
I don't like the sisters face. She should only show her
back.[42][43][44]
[3] Fendi Fashion Modedesigner 2010.
edesigner.jimdo.com. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

4
4.1

Image
Weight loss

When Lagerfeld lost 42 kg (about 92.6 lbs.) in 13 months

in 2001, he explained: I suddenly wanted to dress dierently, to wear clothes designed by Hedi Slimane.... But
these fashions, modeled by very, very slim boysand not
men my agerequired me to lose at least 40 kg. It took
me exactly 13 months. The diet was created specially for
him by Dr. Jean-Claude Houdret, which led to a book
called The Karl Lagerfeld Diet. He promoted it on Larry
King Live and other TV shows.[10]

Personal life

Lagerfeld had a long term relationship from early 1970s

with socialite Jacques de Bascher (19511989) until his
death in 1989.[45]
Lagerfeld has owned numerous homes: in 1970s apart-

Mod-

[4] http://de.kisswu.de/wordpress/2010/10/12/label-chloe/
[5] The ways in which Lagerfeld has carefully crafted his
iconic image is explored in the 2007 documentary, Lagerfeld Condential
[6] Colapinto, John (19 March 2007). Proles In the now,
where Karl Largerfeld lives. The New Yorker. Retrieved
8 September 2011.
[7] Interview on On n'est pas couch, France2, 21 February
2009
[8] http://fr.news.yahoo.com/karl-lagerfeld-r%C3%
A9v%C3%A8le-%C3%A2ge-premi%C3%
A8re-fois-064500963.html
[9] Der grosse Karl wird schon 80 Die Welt, 7 July 2013 (German)
biography at Munzinger-Archiv (German)
[10] Lagerfeld, Karl; Houdret, Jean-Claude (2005). The Karl
Lagerfeld Diet. PowerHouse Books. ISBN 978-1-57687251-2.
[11] Sahner, Paul (2009). Karl (in German). mvg verlag. p.
15. ISBN 978-3-86882-015-7.

[12] Encyclopedia of World Biography 9. Gale Research.

1998. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7876-2221-3. Retrieved 7
January 2012. Fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld was born
on September 10, 1935, in Hamburg, Germany.

[32] Calvin Klein Pie-Faced. CBS news. 11 February 2009.

Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[13] Horyn, Cathy, Why Fashion Films Are Usually Cartoons, New York Times, Sun. Oct. 6, 2013, p. 13

[33] Adams, Stephen (2 January 2009). Karl Lagerfeld defends fur industry saying 'beasts would kill us if we didn't
kill them. The Telegraph (London). Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[14] According to Lagerfeld

Rodolphe, 2006.

Marconi

[34] Delner, Rita (3 January 2009). Designer Gone 'Wild'".

New York Post. Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[15] Biography News, Volume 1. Gale Research Company.

1974.

[35] Karl Lagerfelds 'Triumph of Fake Fur'". PETA. 10

March 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[16] Tungate, Mark: Fifty. Gestalten Verlag; 2005. ISBN

978-3-89955-095-5

[36] Heidi Klum nackt in GQ (in German). GQ Magazine.

Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[17] Pop Goes the Diesel. Vogue. 10 May 2002. Retrieved

24 October 2011.

[37] German designer Wolfgang Joop lashes out at supermodel. Bild.de. 17 April 2009. Retrieved 8 September
2011.

Condential,

[18] Bailly, Jenny (9 August 2002). Diesel Gets 'Experimental' As Lagerfeld Gallery Takes Soho Store by Storm.
Fashionwindows.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
[19] Karl Lagerfeld Launches New Denim Collection. Designer Denim News. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 8
September 2011.

[38] Heidi Klum attacked by Karl Lagerfeld. Fashion designer

thinks supermodel is too bling bling"". Bild.de. 23 April
2009. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
[39] Karl Lagerfeld on Adele, the Greek crisis and M.I.A.s
middle nger (UPDATED)". Metro.

[20] Karl Lagerfeld Becomes a Video-Game Character. Nymag.com. 8 April 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[40] Adele hits back at Lagerfelds 'too fat' comment. CTV

News. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

[21] Get Your Karl Lagerfeld Teddy Bear for Just $1,500!".
New York Magazine. 22 August 2008.

[41] What right does Karl Lagerfeld have to criticise Adeles

weight?". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 20 February
2012.

[22] Karl LagerFELT the nger puppet. Sassybella.com. 26

January 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
[23] 2010 Couture Council Fashion Visionary Award: Karl
Lagerfeld. Museum at FIT. Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[42] Fitzmaurice, Sarah (31 July 2012). "'I don't like her face.
She should only show her back': Karl Lagerfelds cutting
verdict on Pippa Middletons looks. Daily Mail (London).

[24] Orrefors och Karl Lagerfeldt inleder designsamarbete.

Orrefors. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 8 September
2011.

[43] Furness, Hannah (1 August 2012). Karl Lagerfeld: I

don't like Pippa Middletons face. The Daily Telegraph
(London).

[25] Milligan, Lauren (8 June 2011). Raise A Glass. Vogue.

Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[44] Karl Lagerfeld blasts Pippa Middleton: 'She should only

show her back'". Daily News (New York). 1 August 2012.

[26] Architectural Digest Special issue by Karl Lagerfeld.

AD / Architectural Digest (in French) (180). May 2012.
ISSN 0990-977X.

[45]

[27] Ownens, Mitchell (May 2012). Daily AD The aesthete : collecting the singular jewelry of french designer
Suzanne Belperron. AD / Architectural Digest.
[28] KARL
LAGERFELD'S
EARLY
SKETCHES TO BE AUCTIONED.
Reporter.

FASHION
Hollywood

[29] Bergin, Olivia (2 January 2014). Early sketches by Karl

Lagerfeld go up for auction in Florida. London: Telegraph.
[30] Karl Lagerfelds strippers has Anna Wintour heading towards the exit, on. Sassybella.com. Retrieved 26 April
2012.
[31] Brozan, Nadine (25 January 1994). Style Chronicle.
The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2011.

[46] Video - Breaking News Videos from CNN.com. CNN.

7 External links
Karl Lagerfeld Ocial Website
New Yorker: John Colapinto: In The Now. Where
Karl Lagerfeld Lives Extensive prole (c. 10,000
words)
The Independent: Susannah Frankel: Being Karl
Lagerfeld: Whats it like being the most powerful
man in fashion? 5 November 2011
Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies. Victoria and Albert Museum.

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

Karl Lagerfeld Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Lagerfeld?oldid=650373329 Contributors: Magnus Manske, William Avery, KF, Fuzheado, Andrewman327, SatyrTN, Morn, Dimadick, Bearcat, Robbot, Damion, TMC1221, Academic Challenger, Rhombus,
Mervyn, JesseW, David Koller, Bobblewik, Sam, Sonett72, D6, YUL89YYZ, Speedway, Bender235, Pmcm, Mwanner, Triona, RobNS,
David Gale, Nsaa, Alansohn, Lectonar, Hoary, DreamGuy, Wtmitchell, Grenavitar, Dragunova, Dennis Bratland, Kenyon, Editor99,
Megan1967, Etacar11, Daniel Case, Kbdank71, Ted Wilkes, Rjwilmsi, Qaqaq, FlaBot, Pinkville, CrunchyCookie, Alphachimp, Bgwhite,
Sceptre, Kollision, RussBot, Muchness, Ecryder, Nucleusboy, Ipsenaut, Bobak, Dlyons493, Navstar, Notscott, Photodork, Zzuuzz, Closedmouth, Thiste, Saudade7, Curpsbot-unicodify, TheFearedMachina, One, Udimu, Sardanaphalus, LyndaLAX, Attilios, SmackBot, Pwt898,
Griot, Roue, Kintetsubualo, Edgar181, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Skizzik, Quadratic, Carl.bunderson, Calliopejen, Kevin Ryde, Kungming2, Baa, Tryggvia, Ww2censor, Huon, Nakon, Mtmelendez, Martijn Hoekstra, Weregerbil, Battamer, Lawsonrob, Airwolf, Ohconfucius, MartrtinS, JzG, John, Gobonobo, PubliusTacitus, Robosh, Ckatz, Booksworm, Genisock2, Blakegripling ph, Courcelles, LessHeard
vanU, Herfactor, JForget, Harlequin212121, Zarex, Wikifried, Toms2866, Morgansutherland, ShelfSkewed, Michal.Pohorelsky, Chicheley,
Samuell, Gogo Dodo, Bellerophon5685, Cristian Cappiello, Rogwan, Tkynerd, Delta Spartan, Thijs!bot, TonyTheTiger, Drewerd, Rrose
Selavy, Marek69, JYing, CZmarlin, Chill doubt, Shousokutsuu, Mugzilla, Ericoides, Sqone, Awien, Bencherlite, Xn4, Freefry, Jorgebarrios,
KJRehberg, Andypayne, FrF, Catgut, Theroadislong, Jocasta shadow, Bus stop, CommonsDelinker, J.delanoy, Thaurisil, FruitMonkey, Sfphotocraft, DMCer, Spellcast, VolkovBot, Piersons Puppeteer, Guthrum, Superpop, Technopat, Rei-bot, Lvivske, Una Smith, Falcon8765,
Jean-Frdric, El ninja de espaniol, Symane, Taylorjb, Euphi, Michellecrisp, Calliopejen1, Mangostar, Flyer22, Qst, Untogether, Fratrep,
Jack the Stripper, Dillard421, StaticGull, Aleksandrit, A21sauce, ImageRemovalBot, Couture 123, ClueBot, Dvl007, Violetbeau, The
Thing That Should Not Be, All Hallows Wraith, Cambrasa, Inez Korczyski, Christophschaefer, Mild Bill Hiccup, Excirial, Sainnomine,
Alexbot, John Nevard, MovieMadness, Fbeauregard, Eddaido, SchreiberBike, Johnuniq, Sanjiovani, DumZiBoT, XLinkBot, GLGermann,
Werdnawerdna, MystBot, Tomjacoby, Addbot, Yobmod, This is Paul, Aryevi, Tomtheeditor, Couturelink, Mbinebri, Numbo3-bot, Robomod, Lightbot, Kiril Simeonovski, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, Fraggle81, Julia W, The Earwig, AnomieBOT, RiverFattieRCool,
Jim1138, Tamsen68, Materialscientist, GB fan, LilHelpa, Zad68, 5464536, Nygirl410027, GrouchoBot, Philosophy.marks.V.I. Lennin,
Kyng, Jean-Jacques Georges, Ajnem, Kathrynkmd, Erik9, Fashionistas1, Catsue, Vlad858, Crystal Clear x3, Olivier BETTI, Jonesey95,
Chewbacca66, Moonraker, Tonks.david, Stylemaven1, RedBot, Lauren Milligan, Whosyou?, Evenrd, WoodsPlaceGnome, Full-date unlinking bot, Diorissima, WP addict 0, Horst-schlaemma, Kgrad, EUvin, Peacedance, Tstormcandy, PleaseStand, RjwilmsiBot, Bento00,
Rayman60, EmausBot, John of Reading, GoingBatty, Jim Michael, Sohauterightnow, Poulit, ZroBot, F, Brianshiau, Stemoc, IIIraute,
Erianna, Cypherbrahiton, JosephMurillo, DASHBotAV, ClueBot NG, Mewanir, Jess2234, Stantonjones, Fashiongroupie, Mohkalb, Wellescorp, Tesor Jambou, Rodion88, Ashleygoldxo, Oddbodz, Helpful Pixie Bot, Cave felem, Dr. Whooves, JMS123, BattyBot, Mdann52,
DemirBajraktarevic, Bluepict11, The Illusive Man, ChrisGualtieri, AnotherWeeWilly, Olivier.Baroin, Faeaeererergf, Nick Fisher, SFK2,
Jamesx12345, Ultradash15, Melonkelon, TRGUY, Worsepainting, Alicesmartise, Claritybones, Thequartzcat, Jdaws125, Mikachi613,
Synthwave.94, Pepeelgrillo, Niguda design, JaconaFrere, Yoshi24517, Monkbot, P-123, Sunshynes08, Dylanguirao, Vereas, ArturZ72
and Anonymous: 402

8.2

Images

File:Ambox_important.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs)
File:CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/CHANEL_No5_parfum.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors: The photo was taken in Vilnius, Lithuania Original artist: arz
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