B1 Higher Recall Questions:

1. Why is blood in arteries under pressure?

Its coming directly from the heart
2. What factors increase and decrease blood pressure?
Things such as: diet, stress, exercise, body mass and alcohol consumption
3. What things contribute to an increasing trend of heart disease in the UK?
Obesity, people smoking, lack of exercise
4. What is included in a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, fibre (in the right proportions
5. What part of the balanced diet is often missing in developing countries that cause
kwashiorkor disease?
Protein
6. How can you calculate a persons BMI?
Divide your weight in kilograms by your height in metres, then divide the answer by your
height again
7. How can you calculate a persons EAR for protein?
EAR in g = 0.6 body mass in kg
What blood cells defend the body against pathogens?
White blood cells
8. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity is long lasting as it is the persons cells that create the antibody, whereas
passive immunity is when readymade antibodies are given directly to the person. They can
be injected in and this means the person does not produce the antibody themselves.
9. What can a person do to reduce their risk of some cancers?
Have a healthy life style. e.g. don't smoke, eat a balanced diet, maintain a healthy
weight, drink less alcohol, protect your skin from sun damage
10.Why can damage to the cilia cause a smokers cough?
Cilia are used to shift things such as dirt and phlegm out of the throat, if they are
damaged they cannot do this, so your body has to get rid of whats in your throat in
another way.
11.Can you label the parts of the eye?

Scler
a
Corn
ea

Optic
nerv

Pupi
l
Retin
a

12.What is the difference between monocular

and binocular vision?
Monocular is when
on the sides of the
a 360 degree view.
when the eyes are at
the head, like on

Ciliar
y

the eyes are

head, giving
Binocular is
the front of
humans

13.Show the pathway of a nerve impulse from

the stimulus to the effector?
stimulus-> receptor-> sensory neurone-> central
nervous system-> motor neurone-> effector
14.What is the difference between a reflex
action and conscious action?
Reflex actions are your natural reactions e.g. if you touch something too hot you
automatically jump away. whereas, with conscious actions you've made the conscious
effort to do something.
15.What are 5 different categories of drug? Name a general effect of each?
Depressants-slow down the nervous system and reactions.
Painkillers- block nerve impulses from the painful part of the body
Stimulants-increase the transmission of signals from one nerve cell to the next
performance enhancers- main anabolic steroid in body=testosterone it has two main
effects. anabolic effects promote muscle building, androgens effects are responsible for
male traits such as facial hair and deeper voice
Hallucinogens- change the way our brains work, distorting our senses
16.What are the long term and short term effects of drinking alcohol?
short term- sleepiness and impaired judgement, balance and muscle control
long term- liver and brain damage
17.What are the things that your body needs to keep constant through homeostasis?
amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, blood sugar level, body temperature and bodys
water content
18.How is heat gained, retained or lost from the body?
heat gained- respiration, shivering, exercise or reducing blood flow to the skin

lost- sweating, reducing blood flow to the skin

19.What are the dangerous effects of high and low temperatures on the body?
high- dehydration and heat stroke which could lead to death if untreated
low- hypothermia and again death if untreated
20.What is the difference in the way Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are controlled?
Type one is treated with injections of insulin and a good diet, but if you have type 2
youve stopped responding to insulin so treatment involves exercise and a good diet
21.What type of chemicals control plant growth?
Auxins
22.What does positively phototropic mean?
When the stem tip of a plant grows towards the light
23.What does negative geotropic mean?
When the stem tips direction of growth is away from gravity
24.Give an example of a commercial use of plant hormones.
selective weedkillers
25.Where within a cell do you find chromosomes?
Nucleus
26.Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of..?
DNA
27.A female has the sex chromosomes..? and male has ..?
female=x male=y
28.Name two conditions that can be inherited?
cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia
29.What ethical issues can be raised linked to genetically inherited conditions?
If you test an unborn baby for a inherited condition and it has it, some people would opt
for an abortion. What if it was a false positive?