Math 1011 - Final Exam

Name: _____________________________
Student ID: _________________________

Instructions:
You will have 120 minutes to complete the exam. No calculators of any kind are allowed. The
test is worth 100 points, with a bonus question worth 2 additional points. Only attempt the bonus
once you are satisfied with the rest of the exam. Please show work where appropriate, else
partial credit will not be awarded.

(4 points) We find that the pressure (measured in PSI) of bike tires follows a normal distribution.
Suppose we also discover that approximately 95% of tires are within 80 PSI to 120 PSI. What is
the mean and standard deviation of the bike tire pressures?

We are using a ruler to measure the height of a dog, and we are given the probability histogram
for the error in our measurement.

(3 points)(a)

What is the probability of getting a measurement error of greater than or

equal to 3 centimeters?

(3 points)(b) We use the same ruler to measure the dog once. Using the information in
the probability histogram, what is the likely size of the error going to be
for my measurement? Explain.

I am trying to decide between buying three scales. The only information I know about these
scales is the histogram of the errors in their measurements. The three histograms are:

(5 points) Which scale should I buy? Explain.

Recall the histogram of the errors in measurement for Scale #3 from the previous problem:

Suppose I use Scale #3 to measure my prize winning cabbage 100 times and find the average of
the results. I do this process of taking 100 measurements and finding their average a total of 500
times, and create a histogram of my results. [Note that my histogram has 500 averages, each of
which is a result of averaging 100 measurements.]

(4 points)(a) Will my histogram of the 500 averages follow a normal curve? Explain.
[No computation should be necessary.]

(4 points)(b) Should I expect my histogram of the 500 averages to be centered on the

weight of my cabbage? Explain. [No computation should be necessary.]

We are given the following graph with 4 data points and the regression line drawn:

(4 points) Compute the root mean square error.

(4 points) Suppose Dataset A has 500 data points, and Dataset B has 10,000 data points, and
both have a correlation coefficient of r 0.5 . Which is more likely to have a larger root mean
square error? Explain.

Suppose we perform three coin flips with a fair coin.

(4 points)(a) Compute the probability of getting the same result for all 3 coin flips (all
"heads" or all "tails").

(4 points)(b) Compute P 3 "heads" or 3 "tails" | first toss landed on "heads" .

(4 points)(c) Let us call getting all "heads" or all "tails" on the three coin flips Event A.
Let us call getting a "heads" on the first flip Event B. Are Event A and Event B
independent? Are Event A and Event B mutually exclusive? Explain.

(5 points) We roll a die one time.

Compute P getting a "3" OR getting an even number of spots Can we use the multiplication
rule to compute this probability? Can we use the addition rule to compute this probability?
Explain.

(4 points) You are taking a multiple choice final exam in statistics with 50 questions, and you
have decided to rely on luck and randomly answer each question. Each question has 4 possible
answers, one of which is correct. Select the probability of correctly answering 48 or fewer of the
50 questions:
a.)

49
50
49
1
50
1 0.25 0.75 0.25
50
50

b.)

49
50
49
1
50
5049
1 0.25 0.75 0.25 0.75

50
50

c.)

0.25 0.75 0.25 0.75

d.)

0.25

e.)

48
48
2
50 0.25 0.75

f.)

48
49
50
48
2
49
1
50
0
1 0.25 0.75 0.25 0.75 0.25 0.75
50
50
50

49

50

48

7
(3 points) Compute
3

12345
(3 points) Compute

Suppose we perform a study to determine the percent of the population in the U.S. who eat
breakfast. We select a 100 person simple random sample and find that 75 people do eat
breakfast.

(3 points)(a)

What is the population? What is the parameter?

(5 points)(b) Find the 95% confidence interval for the parameter. [Hint:
0.75 0.25 0.4 ]

(3 points)(c) Suppose we perform the same study with 100 different people (still a
simple random sample) and find the 95% confidence interval. Should we expect the
parameter to change? Explain.

(8 points) We perform 100 draws with replacement from a box with cards that are numbered:
1, 1, 2, 2, 4. Estimate, using the Central Limit Theorem, the probability of getting a sum of the
100 draws to be from 185 to 215 (endpoints included). You may approximate the standard
deviation of the cards in the box to be 1.

I am working for Dell and I am trying to convince my boss that more than half of the U.S.
population owns laptops. I select a simple random sample of 10 people, and find that 6 of them
own laptops.
(2 points)(a)

What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis?

(2 points)(b) Compute the test statistic given that

(2 points)(c)

s N 0.51 10

2%
N
10

Compute P, the observed significance level.

(2 points)(d) Should my boss believe me that half the population owns laptops, if we
compare with a 5% significance level?

Suppose we want to see if our random number generator program is working correctly. We have
our program select a random integer from 1-4, and record the results in the table below:
Number generated

Observed Frequency

15

15

(8 points) Perform the appropriate test, showing all steps, to determine if our program is
working correctly. Compare with a 10% significance level. Be sure to include the null and
alternative hypotheses, test statistic, and P.

Suppose we want to test the independence of cell phone providers and gender. We collect our
data which is displayed in the table below:

Male

Female

AT&T

50

40

Verizon

30

80

T-Mobile

60

90

Sprint

40

30

(3 points)(a) We use a Chi-Squared test to determine if the variables are independent.

What is the degree of freedom of the curve we would choose?

(4 points)(b) Write down an expression (you do NOT need to simply) for the expected
frequency of females who use Sprint as their cell phone provider.

BONUS - Do only if you are satisfied with the rest of the exam.
[Two Envelope Paradox] Suppose we play a game where you have the choice between two
envelopes, both containing money. One envelope contains twice the amount of money as the
other. [For example, one envelope contains $1 and the other $2.]
You select one of the envelopes, and open it to find $10. I now offer you the chance to choose
the other envelope and keep the money. You quickly compute the expected value for switching:
1
1
E switching envelopes $5 $20 $2.50 $10 $12.50
2
2

Since $12.50 is greater than $10, you decide to switch.

(2 points) Do you agree with the expected value calculation? Should you have switched
envelopes? Explain.