CHAPTER 7WELDABILITY, WELDING METALLURGY, AND WELDING CHEMISTRY

Review Chapter7Weldability, Welding Chemistry, and Welding Metallurgy

Q7-1

As a metal is heated:
a. energy is added to the structure
b. the atoms move farther apart

c.

the atoms vibrate more vigorously

d.

the metal expands

e.

all of the above

Q7-2 The state of matter whichexhibits the leastamount of energy is:

a.

solid

h.

liquid

c.

gas

d.

quasi-liquid

e.

none of the above

Q7-3 Aproblem occurring in weldments caused by the nonuniform heating produced by the welding operation is:
a.

porosity

b.

incomplete fusion

c.

distortion

A. slag inclusions
e.

none of the above

Q7-4 Afl but which of the following will result in the elimination or reduction of residual stresses?
a.

vibratory stress relief

b.

external restraint

c.

thermal stress relief

d.

peening

e.

postweld heat treatment

Q7-5 Rapidcooling of a steel from the austenitic range results in a hard, brittle structure known as:
a.

pearlite

b.

carbide

c.

cementite

&

bainite

e.

martensite

Q7-6 Very slow cooling of steel, may result in the production ofa soft, ductile microstructuie that has a lamellar ap
pearance when viewed under high magnification. This structure is referred to as:
a.

martensite

b.

pearlite

c.

bainite

d.

ferrite

e.

cementite

Q7-7 When rapid cooling produces a martensitic Structure, what nonaustenitizing heat treatment may beapplied toim
prove the ductility of the steel?
a. quenching
b. tempering
c. annealing
d. normalizing
e.

none of the above

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CHAPTER 7WELDABILITY, WELDING METALLURGY, AND WELDING CHEMISTRY

Q7-8 The use of preheat will tend to:

a.

result in a wider heat-affected zone

b.
c.
d.

produce a lower heat-affected zone hardness

slow down the cooling rate
reduce the tendency of producing martensite in the heat-affected zone

e.

all of the above

Q7-9 Which of the following changes will warrant the addition of orincrease inthe required preheat?
a.
b.

decreased carbon equivalent

increased carbon equivalent

c.

increased base metal thickness

d.

both a and c above

e.

both b and c above

Q7-10 What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part attheaustenitizing temperature for some timeand then
slow cooling in the furnace?
a. normalizing
b. quenching
c. annealing
& tempering
e.

stress relief

Q7-11 What heat treatment is characterized by holding the part atthe austenitizing temperature for some time and then
slow cooling in still air?
a. normalizing
b. quenching
c. annealing
d. tempering
e.

stress relief

Q7-12 Increasing the heat input:

a.
b.
c.
d.

decreases thecooling rate and increases thelikelihood of cracking problems

decreases thecooling rate and decreases thelikelihood of cracking problems
increases thecooling rate and increases thelikelihood of cracking problems
increases thecooling rate and decreases thelikelihood of cracking problems

e.

none of the above

Q7-13 Increasing preheat:

a.
b.
c.
d.

decreases thecooling rate and increases thelikelihood of cracking problems

decreases thecooling rate and decreases thelikelihood of cracking problems
increases thecooling rate and increases thelikelihood of cracking problems
increases thecooling rate and decreases thelikelihood of cracking problems

e.

none of the above

Q7-14 Increasing the carbon content:

a. decreases the likelihood of cracking problems

b. increases the likelihood of cracking problems
c. has nothing to do withthe likelihood of cracking problems
d.

all of the above

e.

none of the above

Q7-15 Which of the following generally follows quenching?

a.
b.
c.
d.

annealing
normalizing

quenching
tempering

e.

stress relief

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CHAPTER 7WELDABILITY, WELDING METALLURGY, AND WELDING CHEMISTRY

Q7-16 Which ofthe following can be accomplished using either thermal or mechanical techniques?
a.
b.
c.

annealing
normalizing
quenching

d.

tempering

e.

stress relief

Q7-17 Which of the following results in the softest structure for steel?
a.
b.
c.
d.

annealing
normalizing
quenching
tempering

e.

stress relief

Q7-18 For a steel having the following composition: 0.11 carbon, 0.65 manganese, 0.13 chromium, 0.19 nickel, 0.005
copper, and 0.07 molybdenum, what isits caibon equivalent using the following formula?

CF-%C i (%Mn) i (%Ni) i (%Cr) i f^guK^^Moj

6
a.

15

14

0.15

b.

0.23

c.

0.28

d.

031

e.

0.42

Q7-19 For a steel having the following composition: 0.16 carbon, 0.85 manganese, 0.25 chromium, 0.09 nickel, 0.055
copper, and 0.41 molybdenum, what is itscarbon equivalent using the following formula?

cs=%c+GMsl +Ga +Q^

6
a.

15

13

023

b.

0.31

c.

0.34

d.

0.41

e.

0.46

Questions Q7-20through Q7-23referto the Heat Input formula below:

Heat Input (J/in.) =A^P^^ xVoltage x60

r

Travel Speed (inVmin.)

Q7-20 The FCAW process is being utilized to weld a1in. thick structural steel member to abuilding column. The weld
ing isbeing done with a3/32 in. diameter self-shielded electrode with a150 minimum preheat and inteipass tem
perature. The welding parameters are adjusted to30 volts, 250 amperes and 12 in./min. What isthe heat input?
a.

375 J/in.

b.

37 500 J/in.

c.

375 kJ/m

d.

both a and b above

e.

both b and c above

Q7-21 GMAW (short circuiting) welds are produced at 18 volts, 100 amperes and 22 inVmin. What is the heat input?
a.

238 J/in.

b.

7333 J/in.

c.

4909 J/in.

d.

30 J/in.

e.

none of the above

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CHAPTER 7WELDABILtTY, WELDING METALLURGY, AND WELDING CHEMISTRY

Q7-22 The GMAW process is mechanized for welding 1/8 in. thick stainless steel sheets against a copper backing bar.
The process is operated at 300 amperes, 28 volts and 15 in7min. What is the resulting heat input?
a.
b.
c.

650 kJ/in.
650 000 J/in.
165 000 J/in.

d.

16,500 J/in.

e.

none of the above

Q7-23 The GTAW process is being used for welding 1/16 in. thick titanium using DCEN at 110 amperes, 15 volts and 6
inVmin. What is the heat input?
a.

21 000 J/in.

b.

21 kJ/in.

c.

16,500 J/in.

d.

both a and b above

e.

both b and c above

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