Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Installation notes:
1. Orifice dia. As
specified to suit
required conditions.
2. Gaskets
furnished by vendor.
ITEM
MATERIAL: Monel
REV. QTY.
TAG. NO.
20FO-057
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
4/2
SCH.
ORIFICE
(IN.)
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
80
0.084
250
60
DP
(PSI)
57
M S
W G
a
17.00
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
100
300
SERVICE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. The actual flow of 20FO-057 is about 110 SCFH for a bore diameter of 0.084.
1 of 25
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
ITEM
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY.
Installation notes:
1. Unless otherwise specified, the only markings on the orifice tab shall be the orfice diameter
indicated by a decimal fraction as shown on the drawing with 1/16-in. figure stamping hand dies.
2. Where lines are to be insulated, the insulated material covering the union shall be applied in such
a
manner that the markings on the tab will be fully exposed.
3. No asbestos-bearing material is acceptable; vendor to provide TFE gaskets.
TAG. NO.
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
20FO-184
1-1/2
SCH.
ORIFICE
(IN.)
80
0.285
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
60
DP
(PSI)
57
M S
W G
a
0.586
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
100
3000
SERVICE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2 of 25
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
Installation notes:
1. Orifice dia. As
specified to suit
required conditions.
2. Gaskets
furnished by vendor.
ITEM
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY.
TAG. NO.
20FO-175
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
4/2
SCH.
ORIFICE
(IN.)
80
0.135
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
60
DP
(PSI)
M S
W G
55 a
17.00
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
100
150
SERVICE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3 of 25
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
ITEM
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY.
TAG. NO.
Installation notes:
1. Unless otherwise specified, the only markings on the orifice tab shall be the orfice diameter
indicated by a decimal fraction as shown on the drawing with 1/16-in. figure stamping hand dies.
2. Where lines are to be insulated, the insulated material covering the union shall be applied in such
a
manner that the markings on the tab will be fully exposed.
3. No asbestos-bearing material is acceptable; vendor to provide TFE gaskets.
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
4/2
SCH.
80
ORIFICE
(IN.)
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
DP
(PSI)
M S
W G
a
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
SERVICE
100
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4 of 25
Green is a calculation:
W=
11.12 PPH
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
Installation notes:
1. Orifice dia. As
specified to suit
required conditions.
2. Gaskets
furnished by vendor.
ITEM
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY.
TAG. NO.
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
4/2
SCH.
80
ORIFICE
(IN.)
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
DP
(PSI)
M S
W G
a
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
SERVICE
100
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7 of 25
Installation notes:
1. Orifice dia. As
specified to suit
required conditions.
2. Gaskets furnished
by vendor.
ITEM
MATERIAL: Monel
REV. QTY.
TAG. NO.
PIPE SIZE
(IN.)
4/2
SCH.
80
ORIFICE
(IN.)
FLOW QUANTITY
(SCFH)
UPSTREAM
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
DP
(PSI)
M S
W G
a
TEMP.
(F)
FLANGE
RATING
SERVICE
100
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8 of 25
Caution: this sheet calculates properties based on yellow-highlighted cells. The viscosities will change and
pressure and temperature, however, the NIST values for pure components will change so if T or P change
NIST.
Gas Properties
Vc,
Properties using
cm3/mol
coresponding states
y
Tc, K
Pc, atm
1
Zc
Hydrogen
0 33.20
12.80
65.00
0.31
-0.22
Methane
0.94 190.60
45.40
99.00
0.29
0.01
Ethane
0.05 305.40
48.17
148.00
0.29
0.10
Propane
0.01 369.80
41.95
203.00
0.28
0.15
Propylene
0 365.00
45.60
181.00
0.28
0.15
Butane
Average, Mixture: 1.0000 198.13
45.65
102.49
0.29
0.01
k=
R, atm-cm^3/(K-gmole):
Temperature, F:
Pressure, psig.:
Viscosity, cP:
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Propylene
Butane
8.21E+01
100
311
90
Use initial (1) properties.
From VISC Sheet - manual entry-- use NIST website for
0.01151
individual , then use Wilke's method in spreadsheet to cal
mixture .
, cP @ 78 psig
, cP @ 90 psig
100
120
100
120
0.011661 0.012008 0.011659 0.012006
0.00986 0.010179 0.009882 0.010201
0.00853 0.008836 0.008547 0.008853
0.009013 0.009347 0.009039 0.009372
0.009254 0.012779
Cpo,
cal/gmolK
6.91
8.66
12.98
18.30
15.78
8.98
1.28
M
2.02
16.04
30.07
44.10
42.08
17.02
, cP
0.00919
0.01167
0.00988
0.00855
0.00904
7
X
8
1/5
X (tp/0.125)
5440
Method assumes, implicitly, that gas is ideal gas mixture or perfect gas.
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore
diameter must be < 6. (Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement
Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996. Page 13-22 refers to the work
of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979).
Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow
(critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does not occur for thin orifice plates.
D, inches; Qg, gas flow in SCFH (60 F, 1 atm); DP, P1, P2, psia; Sg = Mg/Mair
T1, R; tp, plate thickness.
Qg:
P =
P1:
P2:
Mw:
Sg =
T:
Plate Rate
tp =
Z:
D1, nom:
250
57.00
60
3
17
0.59
100
300
2.50
1.00
2.00
11 of 25
SCFH @ 60 F, 1 atm
psig
psi
manual allowed
deg. F
k = 1.28
300, 600# ANSI
mm
From Fluor table
0.98
Calculated using virial equations
in.
Sch.:
80
#NAME? Test:
#NAME? #NAME?
0.433
#NAME?
0.135
Pr/Tr = 0.044
Z = 1.00
-0.014
Lemont, Illinois
Line Size
tp,mm
0.5
1.5
0.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
1.5
1.5
2
2.5
3
3
3
6
6
6
9
9
12
12
16
267382204.xls/RO1
Pcf = 40.98
12 of 25
psig
D2 =
0.106 in.
Lemont, Illinois
Beta =
0.055
267382204.xls/RO1
tb/db =
7.41
Thick plate method applies: choked flow.
Min. Pressure is:
40.98
Choked Flow: eq. 4-40, pg. 100, Daniel Crowl, Joseph Louvar, "Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications,
Prentice-Hall, 1990.
P1:
4-40
Crowl & Louvar assume a thick orifice plate, or flow nozzle, not a thin plate.
A =
Co P1
k gc M
RT1
psig
2
k+1
(k+1)/(k-1)
Also found in Perry's 6th edition of "Chemical Engineering Handbook," pg. 5-14, equation 5.27.
Assumes Beta < 0.2. (Ideal gas also assumed and implicite in solution using isentropic expansion).
A: throat cross-sectional area, sq. ft; W: #/s; Co = 0.72; P1: inlet pressure, psf; gc = 32.174
T1: inlet temperature, F; R = 1545.3 ft-#f/#mole-R.
This sheet is most useful in estimating flow from nozzles and holes in vessels or
pipe.
Qg:
W=
=
D1:
P1:
250
11.22
0.04
1.939
60
SCFH @ 60 F, 1 atm
PPH
lbs./cf
in.
psig
Mw:
17.02
Property Sheet
St. T =
Co:
60
14.696
0.72
k = 1.28
exp. = 8.03
Pcf = 40.98
T:
100
deg. F
A=
0.004
sq. in.
D=
Beta =
tp =
0.067
0.0348
0.50
in.
13 of 25
in.
F
psia
Crowl/Louvar recommends 1.0 for Co with sharp-edged orifices
with Re1 >30,000; seldom does this occur.
Property Sheet
psig
Choked Flow
Lemont, Illinois
267382204.xls/RO2
Z = 1.00
14 of 25
Lemont, Illinois
267382204.xls/RO2
04/21/2015
Standard
None
40 IWC
10,000 PPH
Y-Equation?
11,589 PPH
152,400 SCFH
7.45 IWC
5,000 PPH
65,750 SCFH
131,510 SCFH
29.78 IWC
0.30 IWC
1,000 PPH
=
=
0.895
1.35 PSIG
37.53 IWC
1,050,626
Pipe Diameter?
13,150 SCFH
10,000
Orifice Re?
Re--tubulent--O.K.
Safe Min. Rate?
Min.---O.K.
Mach No. OK?
Gas Orifice velocity is O.K.
Change in Physical Properties?
Change in properties --O.K
FLUID:
INITIAL GAS TEMPERATURE
70 F
30 psig
1.000
1.3981784205
0.0163455501 cP
60 F
14.696 psig
BASE TEMPERATURE
BASE PRESSURE
1.000
24" CS Pipe
23.5 Inches
4.2622252739 Inches
0.1814
SS
0.0000097 1/F
0.0000089 1/F
-0.94%
-4.9
0.126
ORIFICE BETA
PLATE MATERIAL
= 274.091
= 1.003
Fm
Fa
= 1.000
= 1.000
K = 0.5972
C' (SCFH) = 3604.474
FG = 0.99857
FTf = 0.9896
Y1 = 0.9905
Fpv = 1.0000
FPb = 1.0000
Fl = 0.9998
Flowing conditions were used to calculate the discharge rate of the orifice.
D. Willard
267382204.xls
04/21/2015
Integral
None
60.2 IWC
Pipe Diameter?
172 PPH
2,320 SCFH
60.20 IWC
171 PPH
2,320 SCFH
1.56 PSIG
43.30 IWC
Y-Equation?
hw-O.K. Turndown O.K
Y-O.K.
176,990
Orifice Re?
Re--tubulent--O.K.
Safe Min. Rate?
1,160 SCFH
0.60 IWC
Min.---O.K.
15.03 IWC
86 PPH
17 PPH
230 SCFH
10,000
FLUID:
INITIAL GAS TEMPERATURE
INITIAL GAS PRESSURE
70 F
130 psig
1.000
1.3
0.018 cP
=
=
60 F
BASE TEMPERATURE
BASE PRESSURE
14.696 psig
1.000
1/2" Sch-40 CS
0.664 Inches
0.34 Inches
PLATE MATERIAL
0.5120
SS
0.0000097 1/F
0.0000089 1/F
-0.35%
-1.8
0.096
D. Willard
0.416
tb/bore diameter =
0.67
Thin plate, no choked flow.
P1:
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6.
(Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996.
Page 13-22 refers to the work of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979). In 2005, Kirk explored the limits of
Cunningham's work. He found that ASME formulas worked fine with adjustment of Y; C could be defined using
ASME and other methods.
Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does
not occur for thin orifice plates.
2
P
W = 1891 Y C d
0
Equation 2-24, Crane TP 410,
adapted on 3.24 of text.
P, psia =
14.696
T, F =
60
Complete Property Sheet
Qg:
86
#/cf =
0.06
P =
59.00
P1:
60
P2:
1
Mw:
24
#/cf =
0.01
T:
120
Plate Rate
300
tp =
1.50
Z:
D1, nom:
0.75
g, cP=
0.01151
SCFH
Pp =
psig
56
Wd =
5.44
Match Qg:
4.93
Pcf = 40.98
17 of 25
Y=
k=
@ 14.696
psia & 1 atm.
psig
psi
C, ft-1 =
Flange taps
0.72
Kirk-Cunningham
1.28
0.607
0.607
0.607
manual allowed
deg. F
300, 600# ANSI
mm
From Fluor table
0.99
manual allowed
in.
Sch.:
Re1 =
manual allowed
PPH
PPH
psig
Wcalc =
5.47
PPH
Do =
Tr = 1.43
Pr = 0.11
from sheet
#NAME? Test:
0.433
#NAME?
0.078
0.100
#NAME?
-0.156
0.99
160
4,874
in.
Lemont, Illinois
Beta =
0.144
267382204.xls/RO3
tb/bore diameter =
1.82
Thin plate, no choked flow.
ASME calculation not practical --- P2/P1 too low ---Kirk-Cunningham
method.
P1:
P2:
W =
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6.
(Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996.
Page 13-22 refers to the work of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979). In 2005, Kirk explored the limits of
Cunningham's work. He found that ASME formulas worked fine with adjustment of Y; C could be defined using
ASME and other methods.
Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does
not occur for thin orifice plates.
h Pf1
Adapted from equation 9.68, "The AGA equation," in Richard Miller's Flow
Measurement Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill , CR 1996
(This equation was adapted originally from equation 2-24, Crane TP 410.)
P, psia =
14.696
T, F =
60
For (b):
Prb = 0.04
Qg:
b#/cf =
P =
P1:
P2:
250
0.05
87.0
90
3
Mw:
1#/cf =
17
Flange taps
Y1 =
0.66
SCFH
psig
psi
manual
C, ft-1 =
0.595
0.607
manual allowed
deg. F
300, 600# ANSI
mm
From Fluor table
manual allowed
in.
Pp =
psig
Wd =
11.43
Match Qg:
Pcf = 57.43
18 of 25
Cunningham recommended
1.28
manual allowed
PPH
PPH
psig
Wcalc =
Qcalc =
11.31
247
Sch.:
Re1 =
PPH
SCFH
Choked Flow - for thick plate Do =
#NAME?
Pr/Tr = 0.030
Cunningham
k=
0.02
T:
100
Plate Rate
300
tp =
2.50
Z1:
0.991
D1, nom:
2.00
g, cP=
0.01151
86
OK
For (1):
Zb =
0.980
0.980
Tr1 = 1.57
Pr1 = 0.16
80
#NAME?
B1 = 0.104
B0 = -0.148
#NAME?
Zf = 0.980
Sat. Curve Test= #NAME? Test:
Hot Gas Test=
Pr/Tr =
B1 =
B0 =
#NAME?
Zf =
0.455
0.100
0.113
-0.122
#NAME?
#NAME?
0.991
3,233
in.
Beta =
Lemont, Illinois
0.028
267382204.xls/R04
VISC
GAS
MIXTURE
VIS C O S ITY
100 F
Program assumes that gases are perfect and form an ideal vapor solution. Program will deviate slightly for high pressure (>150 psig & presence of wet gas.
Wilke method shows some deviations where molecular weights are significantly different, i.e., Mi>>Mj.
Wilke Gas Mixture Viscosity Calculation for Ideal Gases or Real Gases @ Low-Moderate Pressures
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Propylene
Gas 6
Gas 7
Gas 8
Gas 9
0.00
0.94
0.05
0.01
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Man Manual i
Yes 0.009189
Yes 0.011672
Yes 0.009882
Yes 0.008547
Yes 0.009039
Yes 0.000000
Yes 0.000000
Yes 0.000000
Yes 0.000000
Gas 10
0.00
Yes
Total
2.00
Component
0.000000
0.0117
0.0099
0.0085
-
M
2.02
16.04
30.07
44.10
42.08
i1
i2
i3
i4
i5
i6
i9
i10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
1.473
1.000
0.766
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.899
1.300
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Sum ij
0.000
1.033
0.689
0.524
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
m =
-7.11E-10
-1.27E-09
-1.70E-09
2.33E-09
-3.40E-10
7.15E-09
-2.71E-09
3.95E-09
-1.44E-09
1.16E-008
-3.84E-09
Mwt
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
-0.0006
0.00187
0.00628
0.00215
###
0.00344
0.00624
0.00177
###
0.0071
-0.00096
i8
0.000
1.000
0.665
0.506
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
AlCl2
AlCl3
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Chlorine
Hydrogen Sulfide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
HCl
Sulfur Dioxide
TiCl4
Water
i7
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.506
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Mwt.
97.89
133.34
44.009
28.01
70.9
33.068
28.013
31.998
36.461
64.058
189.69
18.015
Gas
D. Willard 04/21/2015
yi
1.36E-005
2.39E-05
2.16E-05
2.01E-005
2.40E-05
4.28E-05
2.59E-05
2.26E-05
2.12E-05
0.000073
1.97E-05
PlantI
e
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
Sum yi i
0.000
0.011
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.000
10
0.0115
f
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
RELSIZE.XLS(VISC)
0.1200
T1 = 100oF, P = 87 psig, P1 = 90 psig, Using Cunningham
calculation for Y1, as yielding the highest Q. The pressure drop
is not "hw;" the drop is the permanent pressure loss.
0.1100
0.1000
0.0900
0.0800
0.0700
0.0600
0.0500
0.0400
0.0300
k = 1.2; M = 30
k=1.3; M = 17
0.0200
W = Q(PM/RT) = QM/408.67
PPH: pounds per hour
Q = W(408.66/M)
0.0100
k = 1.4; M = 2
0.0000
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Q, SCFH (60 F, 14.7 psia)
2,500
3,000
3,500
Q, SCFH
50
250
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
50
250
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
50
250
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2"
0.0144
0.0322
0.0455
0.0643
0.0788
0.0910
0.1114
0.1298
0.1451
0.0126
0.0281
0.0397
0.0561
0.0688
0.0794
0.0973
0.1317
0.1472
0.0072
0.0163
0.0230
0.0325
0.0398
0.0460
0.0563
0.0660
0.0737
"
0.0144
0.0322
0.0455
0.0643
0.0788
0.0910
0.1114
0.1298
0.1451
0.0126
0.0281
0.0397
0.0561
0.0688
0.0794
0.0973
0.1317
0.1472
0.0072
0.0163
0.0230
0.0325
0.0398
0.0460
0.0563
0.0660
0.0737
M
30
17
0.0279