Sequential Walk Through

1. Sales
- Pre-sales activity--planning and availability support for the sales personn
el
- Sales Order--The actual entry of the sales order into the system done by th
e salesperson at the point of sales perhaps using a PC and Internet connections.
- Determining where the most efficient source of the ordered product is in in
ventory and shipping it.
- Delivery
- Customer Billing
- Customer Payment
2. Production
- Sales and Operations Planning SOP where the sales forecasts are used in a p
roduction planning model to check feasibility.
- Master Production Scheduling MPS--The actual plan for the whole production
process
- Material Requirements Planning MRP--Where the production plan is actually c
onverted into raw materials input requirements.
- Planne d Order--When materials are available and capacity exists this plan
is created and then converted into a
- Production Order.
- Shop Floor Control where the actual production takes place and is registere
d into the system as finished goods.
3. Purchasing
- Requisition--Once the Production manager plans to manufacture something a r
equisition for the raw materials required but not on hand must be prepared.
- Vendor Selection--made by the purchasing dep artment
- Purchase order sent
- goods receipt increasing inventory
- Invoice verification as it is received from vendor
- Payment to vendor.
4. Finance and Accounting
- Sales events must be captured at the proper time into the ledger system
- Inventory must be adjusted to match goods shipped
- Inventory must be adjusted to match raw materials received
- Inventory must be adjusted to move value from raw materials to work in proc
ess
- Inventory must be adjusted to increase finished goods when they are produce
d
- Accounts Payable must be set up for purchases
- Accounts Receivable must reflect goods billed but not yet paid for
Business Process Engineering must not only identify all these steps but must als
o find the most efficient way to minimize redundant actions. For example, when s
ales are made, inventory and manufacturing plans should be automatically updated
. When manufacturing plans are updated raw materials should be automatically ord
ered from vendors. When finished goods are shipped customers should be automatic
ally billed at the same instant. Real situations are far more complex than the s
imple explanation above.

6 business process utama di ERP

------------------------------Menurut Michael D dan Robert J. Vokura, business process di ERP terdiri dari 6 b
agian besar yaitu quote to cash, procure to pay, plan to perform, manufacturing
operations, product life cycle dan financial management.
1. Quote to cash:

Dimulai dari identifikasi pelanggan yang qualified dimana pelanggan tersebut mem
butuhkan produk/jasa yang di hasilkan sampai penerimaan pembayaran dari pelangga
n tersebut
2. Procure to pay:
Dimulai dari order pemesanan ke supplier/vendor sampai pembayaran ke supplier/ve
ndor
3. Plan to perfom:
Di dalamnya terdapat demand forecast, material plannning, capacity planning dan
distribution planning. Kalau dilihat dari ilustrasi diatas proses ini meliputi k
elima proses lainnya karena dalam proses planning dibutuhkan informasi lainnya s
eperti salah satu contoh untuk merencanakan demand forecast sangat dibutuhkan da
ta inventory yang ada
4. Manufacturing operations:
Dimulai dengan menerima pesanan (order) dari pelanggan sampai produk/jasa dikiri
m ke pelanggan. Ada tiga tipe proses di manufaktur yaitu: discrete, lot-based da
n flow (process)
5. Product life cycle:
Di dalamnya mengatur dari konsep produk/jasa sampai sudah tidak di produksi (obs
olete) dan juga terdapat informasi produk/jasa revisi, upgrade. Jadi intinya di
sini terdapat semua informasi produk/jasa
6. Financial management:
Di dalamnya ada AR, AP, General Ledger, Fixed Asset dan standar pelaporan keuang
an