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Wearedonewiththeanalysispart,nowwewilldiscussthedesignproblem
whereinwearegivenwithMuandwehavetodesignforthespecifications.

ItprobablyisclearthatthefinalMucannotbedetermineduntilthesizeofthe
beamsection,(selfweight)isknown.Thissetsupthenormalinteractioncycle
betweenanalysisanddesign.Analysisofassumedsectionsizesfollowedby
memberdesignbasedonthatanalysis,thenreanalysisbasedonupdatedsection
sizes,andfinally,somedesignmodificationontheupdatedanalysis

1. Concretecracksduetotensionandasaresult,reinforcementis
requiredwherethereistensilestress.
2. Barcutoffs:
a. Portionofthesteelisextendedpastthepointofinflectionto
accountforshiftsinthepointsofinflectionduetoshear
cracking
b. Cutoffsareusuallybasedontheavailablerebarlengthsinthe
market:6,7.5,9.0,10.5and12.0(m)
3. Transversebars(stirrups)areprovidedforshearforcesandtohold
layersofbarsinplaceduringconstructionshearreinforcement
4. Barsmustbeanchoredintothesupportanchoragelength
5. Splicinganddevelopmentlength

Trivia:bolstersactuallycarriesaUSPatent

Thecodealsospecifiesminimumbeamandslabdepthintheabsenceof
deflectioncalculation.Notethatthistablewasalsobasedoncomputed
deflectionfortypicalloadingandsupportcondition.

Itisgeneralpracticetousethedistance2db(radius=halfthediameter,4db)
measuredfrominsidethebendtocenteroftheoutsidelongitudinalbarsfor
stirrups

Tobondthereinforcementtotheconcretesothatthetwoelementsacttogether
(actslikeascotchtape,thethicker,thebetterbond)

Firerating:20mm=1hr.fireratingforslab,40mm=2hrs.forbeams

Additionalcoverontopofslabstoprotectfromabrasionandtearduetotraffic
thatreducethecoverbelowthatrequiredforstructuralandotherpurposes
(a.k.awearingcourse,usuallyasphalt)

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Importantisnottooverestimate ,becausenormalconstructionpracticesmayleadto
smallervaluesof thanshownonthedrawings.

Thebeamshouldbedesignedthatwhenitisabouttocrack,thetensionsteel
reinforcementshouldcarrythetensileforce.Todothis,theminimummoment
strengthofRCbeamsectionshouldbeequalorgreaterthanthecracking
momentstrengthforplainconcretesection.Thiswillpreventsuddenfailuredue
tobeamcracking

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Sincewearecomputingfordimensionsandareaofsteelreinforcement,and
knowingthat
/ ,itmaybegoodtostarttheanalysiswithassuminga
target
Moreover,weselectatarget becausetheproblemisindeterminate
moreunknowns(b,h,As)thanavailableequilibriumequations(F,M)
thusinfinitesolutions

Then,wecalculatethedimensionsusingtarget

Finally,calculatethesteelreinforcement,

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Calculatingfortarget ,
0.005.Butuse,
0.0075instead(you'll
seelaterwhy,anywayif isincreaseditwillstillbewithinthelimitsince
isindirectlyproportionalto )
0.003
0.286

0;
0.85
0.85 0.286

4
*similarformwith

0.286

soeitherbeconfusedorbeguided

Insight:Oldpracticeistouse
0.5 .Ifgivenwithtypicalrebarwith
420

600
0.85

600
0.5
0.85
600
0.5

4
600 420

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Expressthestrengthcriteriafunctionintermsofbeamdimensions,
incorporating , that is, express

0;

Replacing

and withfunctionsof

0;

0.85

let,
/ 0.85 andsubstituting

0.85
0.85

Goingback
0.5
/

0.5

0.5

0.5

/ 0.85

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