Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Early civilisations
OBJECTIVES
1- Describe the conditions which gave rise to the appearance of the first civilisations
and identify the main economic, social and political features which distinguished them
from previous agricultural communities.
2 Recognise Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilisations as the first ones in history to
CONCEPTS
The birth of the first civilisations.
Mesopotamia: natural environment and history.
Life and culture in Mesopotamia.
Egypt: natural environment and history.
Life and culture in Egypt.
What do we know?
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamian society
EGYPT
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Located in a large desert along the River Nile
HISTORY
Lower and Upper Egypt were independent until they were unified by King Menes (3100 BC)
Periods:
The Old Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
The New Kingdom
The Late Period
Ancient Egypt
Capital at Thebes
Hyksos invasion in 1786 BC territory occupied and capital transferred to Avaris
THE NEW KINGDOM
Founded in 1567 BC
Enormous prosperity
Capital at Thebes
Pharaohs: Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, Ramesses II, Ramesses III
THE LATE PERIOD (1085 BC- 30 BC)
Period of decline desintegrated into small independent states
SOCIETY
Pharaoh: king and god absolute power
Ruling caste priests, vizier, important public servants (governors, scribes, etc)
Other free people soldiers, craftworkers, farmers, foreigners
Slaves worked in the mines, domestic service.
Women greater freedom than in other civilisations same legal rights as men
RELIGION
Polytheism
Life after death mummification of the dead