Technical White Paper For PoE

Technical White Paper for PoE
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Table of Contents
1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction to PoE Power Supply Alternatives ............................................................. 1
3 PoE Power-Up Process................................................................................................. 3
4 PoE System Configuration Management....................................................................... 4
4.1 Enabling Power Supply and Configuring Power on a Port ....................................... 4
4.2 Enabling/Disabling PD Compatibility Detection........................................................ 5
4.3 Power Management and Power Supply Priority for a Overloaded PSE ................... 5
4.3.1
Configuring Power Supply Priorities for Ports on the Switch ....................... 5
5 Remarks ........................................................................................................................ 6
Appendix A
Abbreviations and Acronyms....................................................................... 6
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
i
http://datacomm.huawei.com

Abstract: This document introduces the basic technology and typical application of PoE, and
also describes the PoE performance of Huawei equipment that supports PoE.
Keyword: PoE
1 Overview
PoE (Power over Ethernet) refers to power supply over a 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX,
or 1000BASE-T Ethernet network, with the maximum reliable power supply distance
of 100 meters. PoE can be used to effectively provide centralized power for terminals
such as IP phone, wireless AP, charger of portable equipment, POS (point-of-sale)
machine, and data collection. Therefore the indoor cabling of power supply need not
be considered for these terminals, because they are powered when they access the
network. Currently PoE also provides a unified standard 802.3af for adaptation of
equipment from different vendors.
Introduction to PoE Power Supply Alternatives

According to the definition in 802.3af, the PoE system consists of two categories of
equipment: power-sourcing equipment (PSE) and powered device (PD). PSE is used
to provide power to other devices and can be further divided into two types: Midspan
(PoE module out of the switch) and Endpoint (PoE module inside the switch).
Huawei equipment that supports PoE has the power supply system inside the
equipment, PSE Endpoint type. In the PoE system, the PD receives power and is
usually a wireless AP, IP phone, and low-power SOHO switch. The following figure
shows the typical network:
1
The 802.3af standard also defines the power interface (PI): interface between
PSE/PD and network cables. It has defined two power supply alternatives: Alternative
A (signal cables: 1, 2, 3, 6) and Alternative B (idle lines: 4, 5, 7, 8), which are
described as follows:
1)
Power over idle lines Alternative B
As shown in the following figure, links 4 and 5 form the positive pole; links 7 and 8
form the negative pole. In this way the PSE provides power for the PD.
2)
Power over data lines Alternative A
As shown in the following figure, the PSE can provide power for the PD over data
lines. As the frequencies of DC power and data do not interfere with each other,
power and data can be transmitted over the same pair of cables, which can be
regarded as multiplexed cables. Links 1 and 2 form the positive (or negative) pole;
links 3 and 6 form the negative (or positive) pole.
2
Generally, a standard PD must support both power supply alternatives, and the PSE
only needs to support one of them. As Huawei S3900/S5600 switch acts as the PSE
in the PoE system, it only supports power over signal line, while the S3026C-PWR
supports both power supply alternatives. This advantage helps them easily support
some fully automatic PDs of Huawei, which are usually powered by idle lines.
PoE Power-Up Process

When a PD connects to the PSE, it follows these steps to receive power:
The following subsections describe the steps in the above figure:

1)
Detection: PSE detects the existence a PD.
The PSE checks the impedance/capacitance between the power output line pair to
determine whether a PD exists. The output voltage in the Detection phase is 2.8V to
10V, and the voltage polarity is consistent with that of the -48V output. The PSE
proceeds to the next step only when it detects the existence of a PD.
Data to determine the existence of a PD: a) DC impedance between 19K and 26.5K
ohm, b) capacitance no greater than 150 nF.
2)
Classification (optional): The PSE determines the power consumption of the PD.
PSE checks the output current from the power source to determine the PDs power
level. In the Classification phase, the output power of the port ranges from 15.5V to
20.5V, and the voltage polarity is consistent with that of the -48V output.
3
3)
Powerup: PSE provides power to the PD.
When detecting that the device connecting to the port is a legal PD, and after
classifying the PD, the PSE begins to provide -48V power for the PD.
4)
RTP & Power management: Real-time monitoring and power management.
5)
Disconnection: PSE detects whether the PD is disconnected.
The PSE uses certain testing methods to determine whether the PD is disconnected.
If it is disconnected, the PSE terminates the output voltage on the port and the port
returns to the Detection state. The following figure shows the ideal output waveform
of the PSE.
PoE System Configuration Management

This chapter presents the most important functions of PoE: PSE capable of providing
intelligent power management, including power allocation, power classification for
devices, enabling/disabling a port to supply power. The features are summarized in
the following sections:
4.1 Enabling Power Supply and Configuring Power on a Port

Users can enable or disable remote power supply on a port according to needs using
commands. By default, remote power supply is enabled on a port.
In addition, the maximum output power on a port can be configured with the relevant
parameters:
Configurable power range on the port of the S3900PoE: 1w to 15.4w, granularity:
1mw
Configurable power range on the port of the S5600PoE: 1w to 15.4w, granularity:
1mw
4
Configurable power range on the port of the S3026C-PWR: 5000mw to 15.4w,

granularity: 1mw
4.2 Enabling/Disabling PD Compatibility Detection

The PD compatibility detection function allows a switch to detect the PDs incompliant
with 802.3af and provide power for these PDs. The following commands can be used
to enable/disable PD compatibility detection.
Perform the following configuration in the system view. PD compatibility detection is
disabled by default.
4.3 Power Management and Power Supply Priority for a Overloaded PSE
4.3.1 Configuring Power Supply Priorities for Ports on the Switch
A switch provides three priorities: critical, high, and low, and low is the default priority.
Setting priorities for PDs is different from the foresaid PD classification. When the
power consumed by PDs exceeds the power provided by the PSE, different priorities
must be set for ports to ensure key devices receive power first. If all ports have the
same priority, the ports are sequenced according to the port numbers when the
power provided by the PSE falls short. The port with the smallest port number
receives power first.
Power Management on the Switch Port
The power management function works with the power supply priorities when the
switch provides power to its full capability. By default, the switch employs automatic
power management.
Automatic mode: When the switch provides power to its full capability, it first provides
power to the PD connecting to the port with priority of critical and secondly to the PD
connecting to the port with priority of high. For example, the power supply priority of
Port A is critical, and the switch is providing power to its full capability. If a new PD
connects to Port A, the switch terminates the power supply to the PD that connects to
the port of the lowest priority and provides power to the PD connecting to Port A. If all
ports have the same priority, the switch stops providing power to the PD connecting
to the port with the largest port number.
Manual mode: If the switch is already providing power to its full capability when a new
PD connects to it, it does not change the current power supply situation or consider
the PDs priority. For example, the power supply priority of Port A is critical, and the
5
switch is providing power to its full capability. If a new PD connects to Port A, the
switch prompts the emergence of a new PD but does not provide power to Port A.
5 Remarks
1)
The switch automatically detects PDs and provides power for them.
2)
If the device connecting to the switch is not a PD, the PSE will not provide power
for it.
The PSE checks the power parameters of the devices connecting to it and
process the PDs whose power consumption exceeds the preset threshold. When
the PSE provides power for a PD and detects that it consumes too much power,
the PSEs power management function cuts off the power to the port and sets the
punishment time. During the punishment time, the PSE will not detect the port.
When the time is over, the PSE detects the port again and repeat the process.
3)
4)
The PSE can detect power-off on a port and stops the power output.
5)
The PSE can detect abnormal phenomena such as short circuit and overcurrent,
and cut off the power to protect the PoE equipment.
On the S3026C-PWR, the Mode button on the panel can be used to detect
whether power is provided through the data line or idle line. By default, the switch
provides power to the PDs connecting to it through data lines. However, some
PDs are powered over idle lines. Users can use the Mode button on the front
panel of the switch to detect which power supply mode the PDs connecting to the
ports use and accordingly the switch provides power to them in the proper modes.
This detection does not impact the powered ports, because the switch only
detects the unpowered ports. If it finds that some PDs are powered over idle lines,
the system provides power to them through idle lines. At this time, the P LED on
the left of the port indicates the power supply status: light on means power on;
light off means power off; light blinking means port abnormal. The detection lasts
45 seconds. After that, the system recovers the data-line power supply mode for
unpowered ports, but does not change the modes of powered ports.
6)
Appendix A
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abbreviations /Acronym
Full Spelling
PSE
power-sourcing equipment
PD
Powered Device
6

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.