LCR Meter and its applications

Dr.-Ing. Monthol Homklintian

30 July 2013

Outlines

NIMTs Traceability chart

Impedance measurement instrument
Measurement circuit mode
Terminal configuration
Measurement error and compensation
Analysis of specification

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30 July 2013

Capacitance Traceability Chart

NIMT Reference
Standard (National
Standard)

Set of fused silica

capacitance standard
uncertainty 10-8

1st-level
Working
Standard

Capacitance bridge
uncertainty 10-6

2nd-level
Working
Standard

Capacitance standard
uncertainty 10-5

General
Measuring
Equipment
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LCR Meter
uncertainty 10-4

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Inductance Traceability Chart

NIMT Reference
Standard
(National Standard)

Set of Inductance
standard
100 H to 10 H
uncertainty 10-6

Working
Standard

Set of Inductance
standard
100 H to 10 H
uncertainty 10-5

General
Measuring
Equipment

LCR Meter
uncertainty 10-4

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CMC
Capacitance
1 pF, 10 pF, 100 pF
1000 pF
Inductance
100 H, 1 mH, 10 mH,
100 mH, 1 H, 10 H
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Range
1000 Hz and 1592 Hz
1000 Hz and 1592 Hz

Uncertainty (k=2)
0.8010-6
3.510-6

Range

Uncertainty (k=2)

1000 Hz

0.1610-3

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Impedance measurement instrument

Measurement method

Applicable frequency range

Bridge method
Resonant method
I-V method
Network analysis method
Auto-balancing bridge method

DC to 300 MHz
10 kHz to 70 MHz
10 kHz to 100 MHz
300 kHz and above
20 Hz to 110 MHz

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Principle of auto-balancing bridge method

Advantage
-Wide frequency coverage from LF to HF
-High accuracy over a wide impedance
measurement range
-Grounded device measurement
Disadvantage
-Higher frequency ranges not available
Applicable frequency range
20 Hz to 110 MHz

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Measurement Circuit Mode

Circuit
Mode

Measurement
function

Cp

Cp-D
Cp-Q
Cp-G
Cp-RP

CS

Lp

LS

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CS-D
CS-Q
CS-RS
Lp-D
Lp-Q
Lp-G
Lp-RP
LS-D
LS-Q
LS-RS

Definition of D, Q
and G
D=

1
1
=
2fC P RP Q
G=

1
RP

D = 2fC S RS =

Q=

1
(1 + D 2 )

LS = LP

1
(1 + D 2 )

1
Q

1
RP
=
2fLP D

G=

Q=

CP = CS

1
RP

2fLS 1
=
RS
D

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Measurement Circuit Mode

Capacitance Measurement
Large value

Small value
Rp

Large C

Less significant

Low Z

Rs
More significant

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Small C
High Z

RP
More significant

RS
Less significant

30 July 2013

Measurement Circuit Mode

Inductance Measurement
Large value

Small value
Rp

Large L

Less significant

High Z

Rs

More significant

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Small L
Low Z

RP
More significant

RS
Less significant

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Measurement Circuit Mode

Low impedance
Large C, Small L
High impedance
Small C, Large L

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Cs
Ls
Cp
Lp
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Terminal configuration

Two terminal
Three terminal
Four terminal
Four terminal pair

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Two-terminal measurement technique

Advantage :
Simplest method
Disadvantage :
Contains many sources of error

Typical impedance measurement range

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13

Three-terminal measurement technique

Advantage :
Reduce stray capacitance
Disadvantage :
RL , LL and Rc still remain

Typical impedance measurement range

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Four-terminal measurement technique

Advantage :
RL , LL and Rc are eliminated
Disadvantage :
Stray capacitance C0 still remain
Magnetic coupling M induces error voltages

Typical impedance measurement range

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Four-terminal pair measurement technique

Advantage :
RL , LL and Rc are eliminated
Improve the impedance measurement range to 1 m
Magnetic couplings M are eliminated

Typical impedance measurement range

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Terminal configuration
Type : GR 1409

Type : GR 1482

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2-terminal
3-terminal (binding post)

2-terminal

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Terminal configuration
Type : IET 1404

3-terminal (coaxial)

Type : QuadTech 1417

Type : HP 16380
4-terminal

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4-terminal pair

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Measurement error and compensation

Instrument inaccuracies (including test signal level inaccuracy,

and impedance measurement inaccuracy)
Residuals in the test fixtures and cables
Noise

Basic accuracy ! : not included Cable / Test Fixture

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Measurement error and compensation

OPEN Compensation

42090A Open Termination

(4-Terminal Pair)
OPEN compensation Stray admittance (Y)

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Measurement error and compensation

SHORT Compensation

42091A Short Termination

(4-Terminal Pair)
SHORT compensation Residual impedance (Z)

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Measurement error and compensation

C DUT = Cmeasure CStray

LDUT = Lmeasure Lcable

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Analysis of specification (PM6304/C)

10 nF @ 1 kHz (Accuracy PM6304C)

o Low Level = 0.5 %
o Normal Level = 0.05 %
o High Level = 0.1 %

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Analysis of specification (PM6304/C)

100 mH @ 300 Hz (Accuracy PM6304)

o Low Level = 0.5 %
o Normal Level = 0.1 %
o High Level = 0.1 %

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Thanks
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Traceability chart

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Reference

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Example of measurement accuracy

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